Yanchi, Ningxia: Every family with industry can borrow money and everyone has income.

Our reporter Zhang Guofeng Longcheng
Doing business step by step is like climbing stairs, which may take ten years or even a generation’s efforts; Finance seems to be equipped with a car for industrial development. The road that originally took ten years can be reached in just one or two years.
Yanchi County, located in the east of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, is extremely short of water resources. The special geographical location, harsh climatic conditions, fragile ecological environment and weak infrastructure make Yanchi County a large proportion of poor people and a deep degree of poverty. It is the unique local environment that has created an irreplaceable tan sheep industry, and 80% of the people are very willing to develop tan sheep industry. However, in the actual process, it is difficult for the masses to get loans, with few loans and expensive loans, and there is no development cost, which has become a prominent problem that has long restricted the masses from getting rid of poverty and getting rich. In 2017, Yanchi County successfully lifted its hat, and the characteristic industry of Yanchi Tan sheep is the core to drive local farmers out of poverty.
Poverty alleviation depends on industry and industry depends on finance. Yanchi County has effectively grafted poverty alleviation funds, financial products and leading industries to enrich the people, and has embarked on a salt pond model of financial support industries to help poverty alleviation. So how does Yanchi effectively play its financial role to help poverty alleviation? The reporter recently walked into Yanchi County, which is located on the southern edge of the Mu Us Desert.
Landing in Ningxia, the loess plateau in spring, faded the cold color of winter, and the blue sky and golden sunshine seemed to put a warm coat on the dark yellow land. I don’t see the long-heard "the sky is covered with dust, and it’s hard to see the sun". What I see is only the clean blue highway and the green shoots on both sides of the road.
Solve the problem of industrial development — — Tan sheep, brand, gather resources to become a strong specialty
Endless yellow land, far away from the sky, patches of bushes, neatly arranged, isn’t this the best natural pasture? But I can’t see a single cow or sheep.
"The grazing has long been banned outside, so we can’t go outside to herd sheep. If we catch the fines, it will destroy the vegetation. We will herd sheep and cattle, and the sandstorm will come again." Yang Chunyun, a villager from Yandunshan Village, Huianbao Town, Yanchi County, answered the reporter’s questions.
When he entered Yang Chunyun’s house, Lao Yang greeted his daughter to drive the lamb out to feed. The 66-year-old Yang Chunyun was still in good health and shoveled the feed piled up on the ground into the lamb’s "rice bowl" by himself. Born with visual impairment in his right eye, he went out to look for a job in his twenties in the early 1980s and returned to Yanchi to raise sheep.
"At that time, I couldn’t find a job. The land here is thin and there is no water. When farmers can’t grow this land, they can only raise sheep. At that time, I was the first to raise sheep in our village." Yang Chunyun recalled with a smile.
After nearly 40 years of precipitation and development, the sheep shed at home has been repaired, renovated and expanded many times. In the early stage of this process, the problems of technology, capital and sales have always been several hurdles in Lao Yang’s heart. At the beginning, I didn’t understand the technology when I was raising sheep. Later, the Yanchi county government formulated 27 operational technical standards and specifications. According to the technical standards, Lao Yang learned to ponder by himself, from less than 10 at the beginning to more than 700 now.
"Now the government’s policy is good. The villagers give me a guarantee, the bank can give me a loan to develop farming, and the government gives me a subsidy for each sheep. Now, as long as there are sheep out of the market, someone will collect them, and they will not sell them at all." Lao Yang laughed happily.
It is understood that what Yang Chunyun said about collecting beach sheep at home is a local industry enterprise led by Yanchi County Government — — Yanchi Tanyang Group, which covers the whole Tan sheep farmers in Yanchi County, supports farmers to breed the basic ewe core group through folk breeding and professional training, builds an open Tan sheep breeding system, and formulates 27 operational technical standards and specifications to create technical barriers for local Tan sheep.
In recent years, the brand of Yanchitan Sheep has grown bigger and bigger, and dozens of brand promotion conferences have been held in 10 cities including Beijing, Guangzhou, Sanya and Xiamen, and the G20 Hangzhou Summit, the BRICS Meeting and the State Banquet Table of the 19th National Congress of Jingxi Hotel have been held.
"Our geographical environment, climatic conditions and scarce sheep breeds have created the unique quality of local Yanchitan sheep. We focus on the construction of standard system, which can effectively guarantee the pure quality and quality safety of Yanchitan mutton." The relevant person in charge of Tanyang Group told the reporter.
According to the work report of Yanchi county government last year, the per capita disposable income of farmers in Yanchi county is as high as 9458 yuan, which has far exceeded the absolute poverty line; More than half of the high income has benefited from the Tan sheep industry. The output value of characteristic industries dominated by Tan sheep accounts for more than 80% of the total agricultural output value, radiating 95% of poor villages and poor households in the county. The incidence of poverty in the county has dropped from 24.5% in 2014 to less than 0.66% by the end of 2017.
Breaking the problem of farmers’ loans — — Guarantee, rating, and granting corresponding credit lines.
There are still many local farmers like Lao Yang. In the past few years, it was difficult to form a scale because of lack of funds. However, since the start of the fight against poverty, relying on the excellent local industrial base, financial instruments have been deeply involved in the industry and farmers, and the loan problem has been solved accurately.
Yao Wenli, a villager in Siguquan Village, Mengcheng Mountain area in the south of Hui ‘an Fort, used to do nothing at home and drink wine every day. He was a famous poor household in the village. Later, after the whole village moved to the central plain, he wanted to raise sheep, but he encountered too many obstacles in the loan.
"I didn’t have a job to do in the mountains before, and I didn’t know what to do, so I lived in a daze. After I moved here, I found that picking yellow flowers and raising sheep could earn money, and it was convenient to go anywhere. Idleness was not the way, so I wanted to borrow some money to raise sheep, but I found relatives and friends at that time, and no one was willing to give me a guarantee, and I was very helpless." Yao Wenli said.
When Murakami saw this situation, Yang Binjun, secretary of the branch, mobilized the branch to help party member, and later secured a loan for him through the village branch committee. Now his family has more than 100 sheep, and his family’s annual income has reached more than 40,000 yuan. In 2016, he has achieved poverty alleviation.
"Without pressure, there is no motivation. Without comparison, there is no consciousness. Seeing that people around him are rich, this environment makes him have to do it. Since we are willing to do it, we are willing and dare to guarantee him." Yang Binjun, secretary of Siguquan Village Branch, told the reporter.
When he left Yao Wenli’s house, he suddenly saw the sign of "AAA Credit User" hanging at the door. Lao Yao said that this was a rating certificate issued to him by the government. Now he doesn’t need a guarantee for refinancing, and he also guaranteed loans of more than 200,000 yuan to the other four farmers in the village.
According to the staff of Yanchi Rural Commercial Bank, Yanchi County has established a "631" rating credit model for poor households with no guarantee and no mortgage, and set the rating weights of the three indicators of integrity, asset status and basic situation to 60%, 30% and 10%. Based on the basic data of 631, it has established a four-credit evaluation system for townships, villages, groups and households. According to "1531" Taking spiritual civilization 10%, credit situation 50%, family assets 30% and basic situation 10% as the second standard, the credit situation of all farmers in the county is divided into four credit grades: A, A+, AA and AAA from low to high, and credit lines of 20,000, 50,000, 50,000-100,000 and 100,000 are given respectively, and the loan amount and interest rate concessions are linked to the credit grades.
At present, the county has identified 8 credit townships, achieving full coverage, with 92 credit villages and 525 credit groups, reaching more than 95%, and 48,000 credit users, reaching more than 90%. The balance of poverty alleviation microfinance loans in the county reached 3.31 billion yuan. In 2018, 667 million yuan of poverty alleviation microfinance was added, 222 million yuan of village-level mutual funds were distributed, and the average household loan of poor households was 88,000 yuan.
Risk management problem — — In addition to the "black" and insurance, protect the stable development of farmers.
As soon as farmers lend more, they will face the risk of overdue default; As soon as the industrial scale grows, it will face structural risks.
At that time, the breeding sheep were all booked and the sheephouse was built, except for the last payment, but what could have been loaned could not be loaned at all. Shi Youhai, a poor household in Huianbao Town, recalled the grievances and helplessness of being refused loans by banks at the end of 2016.
When talking about the reasons for being refused a loan, Shi Youhai looked sad. In June 2016, he provided a guarantee for his relative Zhang Xiuling and made a loan in a rural commercial bank. Later, due to a risk event, Zhang Xiuling was overdue, and he had to bear joint and several liabilities, which made Shi Youhai, who was a poor household, worse. He had hoped that the expansion of beach sheep breeding in that year would increase his income, and most of the income from selling sheep was invested.
Fortunately, in the following year, the government began to solve the blacklist of poverty-stricken households who established the card. Laoshi submitted the application for release at the first time. After investigation, it was determined that Shi Youhai was not maliciously overdue, and the bank gave a new credit. In 2018, Shi Youhai successfully borrowed 100,000 yuan from the rural commercial bank, and all of it was used to expand beach sheep breeding.
"Many poor households were influenced by the poverty alleviation methods of giving things and giving money in the past, and simply confused loans with poverty relief, resulting in loans overdue, which was blacklisted. In fact, it was very uneconomical. We sorted out the non-malicious blacklisted poor households and released them step by step. After the release, we will give a second credit." The relevant person in charge of the Yanchi County Government said.
It is understood that by the end of 2018, the county had released a total of 968 blacklisted poverty-stricken households, all of which were re-granted, with a loan amount of 69.84 million yuan.
Although "Yanchitan Sheep" is a national brand and enjoys a good reputation at home and abroad, mutton, as a commodity, still has the property of market price fluctuation. When the price is not good, it will inevitably hit the confidence of farmers and affect the healthy development of the industry.
To this end, China People’s Insurance Co., Ltd. has specially tailored a series of Tan Sheep insurance products for farmers. According to reports, in 2016, the premium for each 30 yuan, the insurance contract stipulated that the beach mutton was 20 yuan per catty, which was mainly responsible for the insurance institution’s compensation according to the insurance contract when the sales income of Tan mutton was lower than 20 yuan per catty due to the drop in market price. In 2017 and 2018, the premium for each lamb will be raised to 39.6 yuan, and the contract price is 22 26 yuan per catty, while the cost price of beach mutton is about 17 yuan per catty.
According to the local characteristic industries, industrial insurances such as basic ewe breeding insurance, yellow flower planting insurance and buckwheat yield insurance have been developed. At the same time, financial credit insurance and village-level mutual aid insurance were also implemented for loans from financial institutions. Xu Haiyun, chairman of Yanchi Rural Commercial Bank, told reporters, "With insurance, we are more assured of lending and more confident in supporting poverty alleviation and enriching the people."




















