It was found through trial that since June 2014, the defendant Han Baoyi, through its affiliated companies such as Shanghai Pude Financial Information Service Co., Ltd. and Shanghai Jindi Investment Management Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Pude Company"), offline stores and online "Qian Yue Loan" platform, has adopted the method of selling fictitious financial products such as the transfer of creditor’s rights and income rights, and promised high interest. After auditing, from June 2014 to January 2020, the accumulated illegally raised funds amounted to more than 6.3 billion yuan (the following currencies are the same), resulting in actual economic losses of more than 1.1 billion yuan for more than 1,900 victims.

Since December 2017, the defendant Han Baoyi has accepted the invitation of Huang Lihong and Ren Weidong (both of whom have been sentenced) to be the shareholders and actual controllers of Nahong Wealth Management Co., Ltd., Haiyou Investment Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd., Haiyou Wealth (Shanghai) Investment Co., Ltd., Haiyou Asset Management (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. and other companies (hereinafter collectively referred to as "Nahong Company"). Later, Han Baoyi, together with Huang Lihong and Ren Weidong, sold creditor’s rights transfer products and private equity fund products to the unspecified public through fictitious project targets and fund uses, and illegally raised more than 2.4 billion yuan, which was mainly used to borrow the new and repay the old, pay the principal and interest of the previous investors, the company’s operating expenses, and repay other debts. By the time of the crime, more than 1,000 victims had suffered an actual economic loss of more than 1.4 billion yuan.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, August 18th: Towards Harmony between People and Water in Dealing with the Flood — — Revelation of 2016 Flood Control and Flood Prevention

　　Xinhua News Agency reporters Wang Yu, Zhang Xingjun, Lin Hui and Liu Hongxia.

　　Humans live by water, civilization is born by water, and disasters also start from water.

　　China has a vast territory and a complex climate, and has suffered too many floods for thousands of years. The history of the development of the Chinese nation can be said to be a history of fighting water.

　　When the historical clock points to the 21st century, with the increasing frequency of extreme weather and climate events, the water disaster situation becomes more severe and complicated.

　　In 2016, China once again passed a rare flood control exam. Today, this exam has achieved a staged victory. Behind the answer sheet, success and regret, relief and grief are intertwined.

　　Looking back at the flood and its response, many warm moments and shortcomings are thought-provoking.

　　Concentric from top to bottom, United as one, condenses the great power to fight the tide. However, some links also make people see a sense of "fatigue"

　　"The rain this year is too heavy. I have never seen such a fierce rain in my life." Zhu Linfa, a villager in fenghuang town, Xinzhou District, Wuhan, Hubei Province, still remembers that on the night of July 1, it seemed that the sky had been poked and leaked, and it rained incessantly. The water level of the lifting river near the home rose rapidly, and it didn’t take long for the breach to occur, and the flood roared into the village … …

　　A series of figures confirm the serious flood this year: since the flood season, there have been more than 30 heavy rainfall processes in China, and the average rainfall has ranked second in the same period since 1954; Precipitation in 164 counties and cities broke through historical extremes; 395 rivers have exceeded the warning flood, 90 rivers have exceeded the insurance flood, and 44 rivers have exceeded the historical flood; Three typhoons landed and ravaged; More than 30 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities were affected … …

　　Dongting lake police! Poyang lake police!

　　The Yangtze River is in a hurry! Taihu Lake is in a hurry!

　　Thrilling, ups and downs. History seems to repeat itself, but the situation has not deteriorated after all. This battle for flood control and flood fighting has achieved a staged victory: none of the large and medium-sized reservoirs in the country has collapsed, and there is no breach in the main dikes of major rivers, and the dangers of rivers and lakes are under effective control.

　　What kind of power helps us defeat the flood?

　　— — It is a cohesive force of unity from top to bottom.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly made important instructions on flood control and flood fighting, demanding that party committees and governments at all levels should adhere to their responsibilities and perform their duties, do a good job in flood control and flood fighting, and effectively protect people’s lives and property.

　　At the critical moment of flood control and disaster relief in late July, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader also made an important speech on doing a good job in flood control, flood fighting and disaster relief at the East-West Cooperation Forum on Poverty Alleviation held in Ningxia, stressing that the current situation of flood control, flood fighting and disaster relief is very severe and the task is very heavy. All relevant regions, departments and units should give priority to ensuring people’s life safety, take further actions, strengthen measures, implement responsibilities, and do their best to do a good job in flood control, flood fighting and disaster relief.

　　Premier Li Keqiang went to the flood control site in the Yangtze River and Huaihe River basins to deploy flood control and emergency rescue and disaster relief work.

　　At the critical moment of flood control and disaster relief, the People’s Liberation Army and the Armed Police Force risked their lives to take the lead, and the police volunteered and fought continuously, undertaking a lot of urgent and dangerous tasks. At the peak of flood control, 4 million people from five provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River stuck to the front line of the Yangtze River trunk dike, including 3.7 million ordinary people, 200,000 government officials and 100,000 officers and men, forming a strong joint force of military and civilian linkage.

　　— — It is a strong "arm" to cut the peak and stop the flood.

　　After more than ten years of continuous investment, China has built a large number of key water conservancy projects and control hubs, and its disaster prevention capability has been significantly improved. The Three Gorges Reservoir is undoubtedly one of the brightest pearls.

　　"If there is no peak cutting and flood storage in the Three Gorges Reservoir during the flood season this year, the consequences will be unimaginable." Zhang Jiatuan, the National Defense Inspector General and spokesperson, said that in the first flood season, 21 large reservoirs in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, represented by the Three Gorges Reservoir, released floods ahead of schedule, freeing up 36 billion cubic meters of storage capacity. After entering the critical stage of flood control in July, the reservoirs coordinated and coordinated to store 22.7 billion cubic meters of flood in the main and tributary of the Yangtze River.

　　— — It is the perfect progress of scientific scheduling.

　　The discharge of every reservoir and every river may have an impact on the overall situation. Like skilled magicians, the National Defense General and the Yangtze River Defense General monitor, discuss and judge around the clock, and accurately and finely dispatch large reservoirs. When to flood the reservoir and when to stop the storage, there is precision and science behind every dispatching order.

　　If there is no flood of this volume, the direct consequence is that the section of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River beyond the police embankment will increase by 250 kilometers; Jingjiang section is over-alarmed; Chenglingji area is facing flood diversion, 520,000 mu of cultivated land will be submerged, and 380,000 people will face resettlement … …

　　— — It is an uncompromising responsibility implementation.

　　This year, the National Defense General announced the list of flood control administrative responsible persons in major rivers, large and key reservoirs, major flood storage and detention areas and key flood control cities nationwide one month in advance, so that the administrative responsible persons can accept social supervision.

　　In the process of flood prevention in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, the National Defense General announced the list of 885 grass-roots administrative responsible persons in important dike sections. It is the first time in history that the township-level administrative responsible person is disclosed by the national defense general level.

　　Pressure is transmitted layer by layer, and responsibility is implemented layer by layer.

　　In late July, many places in Hebei were suddenly hit by torrential rain, and heavy casualties and property losses occurred in some areas. Four Xingtai-related cadres failed in their work in flood control, flood fighting and disaster relief, were suspended for inspection and will be held accountable according to law.

　　However, behind the powerful force of flood control and flood fighting, some weak links still exist, and even intensify:

　　The main dikes of large rivers are stable, but there are many dangers such as small and medium-sized rivers and dikes. The phenomenon of "looking at the sea in the city" has appeared again in more than 100 cities, highlighting many shortcomings in urban drainage planning and construction; More and more places are "unable to withstand flooding". Compared with the past, the same danger has caused greater losses … …

　　Make up these shortcomings as soon as possible, in order to have more powerful power to deal with floods.

　　Ideas guide actions, and ideas determine the way out. Every step forward in the concept of flood control and flood fighting, the practical effect of flood control and flood fighting will rise to a higher level

　　Pinghu thundered!

　　At 7 o’clock on July 14th, Niu Shan Lake in Wuhan, Hubei Province, a billowing yellow and white smoke rose from the green lake. During the explosion, the dike blocking liangzi lake and Niu Shan Lake slowly sank into the water.

　　After 37 years of dam separation, Niu Shan Lake in Zihu returned to the embrace of liangzi lake, the mother lake.

　　Xu Xinhua, a 70-year-old resident of the Lake District, watched all this quietly in the resettlement site, and his heart was inevitably disappointed. When liangzi lake Lake overflows into Niu Shan Lake, it will slowly flood the lotus pond and fish pond by the lake, flood the way home, and finally flood your home. Niu Shan Lake will restore its permanent water surface and return water to the lake after flood diversion.

　　Although the villagers lost their familiar homes, they found their own homes after the flood. Chinese’s understanding of the relationship between man and water has reached a new height.

　　For the sake of their own survival and development, people claim and occupy the land from nature without restriction. The polder area that should have been a waterway was reclaimed for management, and the "meridians" of natural lakes and rivers were destroyed, blocking the "return road" of floods.

　　During the flood season this year, many communities in Nanhu, Wuhan were seriously waterlogged. People realized that these communities were located in lakes many years ago.

　　"Times are changing and ideas are changing. Everyone understands a simple truth better. No matter how many materials there are and how fast they develop, if the ecological environment is destroyed, it will not be worth the loss, and even suffer natural punishment. " Yu Dan, a professor at the School of Life Sciences of Wuhan University, said.

　　People give the flood a way out, and the flood gives people a way out. Breaking embankments and diverting floods is not only an emergency move, but also a great leap from the concept of flood control in China to the combination of dredging and blocking. It is in the repeated floods that the Chinese nation profoundly realized the way of harmonious coexistence between people and water.

　　The basis of flood control and flood fighting is "prevention" and the core is "people". During the flood season this year, the number of people threatened by floods and typhoons was as high as 7.8 million, almost equivalent to the total population of a medium-sized European country.

　　In Dajueshan Village, Zixi County, Jiangxi Province, the word "Xiao Zhou" is written in charcoal on the door panel of an adobe house with a history of 100 years, followed by a series of mobile phone numbers. Mottled handwriting has been painted over and over again by different people.

　　This is the special phone book of Zhang Mulan, a lonely old man in the village. The phone on the door panel belongs to Zhou Jianwen, director of the village committee. Whenever Zhang Mulan dials the phone, it means that there is an emergency, heavy rain, flash floods and landslides … …

　　"The old man’s house is 10 kilometers away from the village committee. As soon as the flood season arrives, we are worried when the elderly call, and we are also worried when the elderly don’t call. " Zhou Jianwen and his colleagues braved the wind and rain many times and carried the old man to safety overnight.

　　Put people’s life safety in the first place — — The concept of people-oriented and life first has been deeply integrated into the blood of cadres.

　　Behind the huge work intensity, it shows the firm belief that people’s life safety is above all else.

　　Advanced ideas guide the success of practice; Backward ideas may also become the fetters of moving forward.

　　The investment in water conservancy infrastructure construction is large and the effect is slow. Some cadres have unclear responsibilities and insufficient motivation. They always feel that they are "making wedding clothes for others"; The illegal occupation of flood discharge facilities in some river sections still exists, and the masses take economic interests as their starting point and take luck as a matter of fact. Some people think that there is no need to worry about the flood in this area for many years, and the defense plan stays in the document, and once the flood comes, it is often at a loss … …

　　If you take the law, you will get it; Take the law, and you will get it. Only by abandoning backward concepts and establishing advanced concepts can China’s flood prevention and fighting cause cross one threshold after another and leap to a higher platform.

　　Science and technology should go up, and people should go up. In the confrontation between man and water, it is inseparable from the real "anti-flood artifact" — — Capitalized person

　　After thousands of soldiers and civilians fought for two consecutive days and nights, at 8 o’clock on July 12, Xinhuayuan, Huarong County, Hunan Province, broke its mouth and successfully closed the dragon. In this thrilling flood fighting and rescue operation, 16 local truck drivers formed a "truck death squad". The drivers tied safety ropes, risked their lives, stepped on the "firmest accelerator", and even the car rushed to the breach with stones to intercept the rolling torrent.

　　"Compared with the truck death squads, all kinds of online ‘ Anti-flood artifact ’ It’s really lame. " Some netizens commented like this.

　　Today, with the rapid development of science and technology, the science and technology of flood control and flood fighting in China is "quality". Underwater robots detect water conditions, unmanned aerial vehicles monitor disasters, and "Dragon Suction" vehicle-mounted mobile pumping station quickly drains water & HELIP; … The application of these high-tech means has greatly improved the effectiveness of flood fighting and emergency rescue. However, in this man-water duel, it is hard to imagine the final outcome without fearless courage and the spirit of fighting floods with self-sacrifice and selflessness.

　　In the raging flood, people and their spirit are the most fundamental "anti-flood artifacts."

　　"The body also good? How is the child? " — — This is a short message sent to his wife in Wuhan by Ma Hongtao, a soldier of a pontoon brigade of the Army in the Central Theater, while waiting for the search and rescue order.

　　Just 10 words contain Ma Hongtao’s unspeakable guilt and concern for his wife. Ma Hongtao is an assault boat operator in the search and rescue operation. With advanced equipment and years of experience, he drove the assault boat many times to avoid many dangerous sections and led the officers and men to the affected villages at the first time.

　　This time, the flood happened, which coincided with the expected date of delivery of Ma Hongtao’s wife. Before the hospital examination, it was found that the child’s umbilical cord was around the neck and needed to be hospitalized immediately. Although the organization agreed that Ma Hongtao would take a vacation to accompany the delivery, he gave up because of the arduous task of fighting floods. During the days of the search and rescue mission, Ma Hongtao didn’t even have time to make a phone call of concern.

　　Immediately after being rescued in distress, he threw himself into the front line of flood fighting, stuck to his post after the death of his loved one, and jumped into the flood to save others but didn’t come up … … In the face of the flood, a "capitalized man" like Ma Hongtao was established, and the spirit of fighting the flood was passed down.

　　Longwangmiao Wharf in Wuhan, the intersection of the two rivers, is a famous dangerous section of the Yangtze River. In early July, the flood attacked the last line of defense in this city with a population of 10 million. On the riverside, an ordinary billboard stands out, which reads, "People are on the embankment, vowing to live or die with it". This is the oath of nine Communist party member. They signed it in red pen, which is powerful.

　　The same oath appeared in 1998.

　　At that time, Tang Renqing, then director of the Flood Control Office of Jianghan District, Wuhan, and his colleague Li Jianqiang, as well as 14 other party member, made a life-and-death card together, pledging to live and die with the levee. Eighteen years later, Tang Renqing and Li Jianqiang, who are over 500 years old, once again took on the heavy responsibility of guarding the Longwang Temple, and once again set a life-and-death card with seven other party member.

　　"No matter how old we are, as long as we can get on, we will, because we are the dike keepers." Li Jianqiang, 57, said.

　　Two "life and death cards", spanning 18 years in just visiting, inherit the immortal spirit of fighting floods.

　　"In flood fighting and emergency rescue, the role of science and technology is getting bigger and bigger, but the role of people is more fundamental in every dike and every danger. For example, the levee is full of weeds, and it is impossible to see the dangers such as soft soil, piping and bubbling. It is necessary to step on it step by step and explore it inch by inch. " Zhang Jiatuan said.

　　People are the most precious force in flood fighting and emergency rescue. This is not only a precious revelation in flood fighting and disaster relief, but also a warning of the shortage of water conservancy and flood control talents in some areas of China.

　　"Jiujiang Jiangxinzhou has more than 40 kilometers of the Yangtze River coastline. After the danger occurs, someone must patrol the embankment day and night to check the danger. However, there are more than 6,000 people in our entire Xinzhou farm, and only 1,000 people are at home all the year round, of which the young and middle-aged laborers are only two or three hundred. The rest are old, weak, women and children." Zhu Wenbin, secretary of the Party branch of Sanfenchang, Xinzhou Market, said anxiously.

　　A large number of grassroots flood prevention and rescue technical backbones with actual combat experience, which grew up in several floods in the 1980s and 1990s, are now retired or transferred abroad. Many rural young and middle-aged laborers go out to work, leaving only the elderly and children, and the mass patrol team organization is facing new problems. The shortage of water conservancy cadres and flood control talents and the shortage of flood control and flood fighting labor force are becoming a major bottleneck in flood control in some villages.

　　… …

　　Drawing strength from the flood, become a butterfly was reborn in the disaster. Facing up to the shortcomings and filling in the shortcomings, we have reason to believe that the Chinese nation, which has gone through hardships and perseverance, will be more steady in its struggle against floods and will write a new chapter in the harmony between man and water! (Participating in reporters: Yan Huang, Wu Hao, Yang Yuhua, Liao Jun)

With the RCEP agreement finally settled this month, the economic and trade relations between East Asia and Southeast Asia will become closer in the foreseeable future. Under the background of the successful election of US Democratic candidate Biden in the 2020 presidential election, Japan, as the current leader of CPTPP and a signatory of RCEP, its diplomatic choice in the future is also of concern. Will Suga Yoshihide’s cabinet follow the trend and emphasize economic and trade cooperation with countries in Asia, or will it return to its foreign policy during the Obama administration of the Democratic Party and seek coordination with the east coast of the Pacific through the TPP framework? At present, when the argument of the new cold war is raging, we may be able to glimpse some clues of Japan’s current decision-making by reviewing Japan’s diplomatic choices in the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union in the twentieth century.

As we all know, Japan and China did not establish formal diplomatic relations for a quarter of a century from 1949 to 1972. Although the two countries managed to develop and maintain some trade.【1】However, under the background that the United States pursues a containment policy towards the communist countries in Asia, Japan’s contact policy with China, Vietnam (North Vietnam) and even countries that pursue neutrality in Southeast Asia has experienced considerable repetitions. However, Japan’s economic assistance to pro-American countries in the region, such as Indonesia after Suharto’s coup in 1965 and Malaysia, which suppressed its own communist struggle for a long time, has long been regarded by scholars in the history of international relations as evidence that Japan follows the American policy in Asia.

However, with the gradual declassification of diplomatic documents from 1950s to 1960s, the assertion that Japan was simply classified as a follower of American containment strategy in the past was questioned to a considerable extent. Through these diplomatic documents, we can see that many of Japan’s early engagement policies with China, such as breaking the trade ban on China (CHINCOM) and providing export loans to China through state-owned export-import banks, directly challenged the American strategy in Asia. At the same time, Japan’s strategic conception in Southeast Asia, that is, the strategy of establishing Japan-Southeast Asia manufacturing industry chain, is also obviously opposed to the American conception of Japan as a supplier of consumer goods in Southeast Asia. The author also wants to point out that this opposition not only appeared in the cabinet of Ichiro Hatoyama and Ikeda Hayato, which were relatively pro-China and neutral, but also appeared in the cabinet of Kishi Nobusuke and Eisaku Satō, which were traditionally considered pro-American and anti-China. In other words, the pursuit of post-war Asian policy independence is the consensus of the Japanese ruling group and will not change because of the change of Japan-US relations. In this paper, the author will sort out the diplomatic documents between the United States and Japan from the Bandung Conference in 1955 to the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan in 1972 to illustrate Japan’s entanglement and hesitation in the pro-American/independent diplomatic routes. The upper part will mainly describe the diplomatic confrontation between China, Japan and the United States before the Bandung Conference in 1955 and the Sino-Japanese LT Trade Agreement in 1961, while the lower part will mainly describe the political turmoil in Southeast Asian countries since 1960, as well as the influence of different routes of struggle between Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of International Trade and Industry on Japan-US foreign policy.

Sino-Japanese Contact in Bandung Conference in 1955 and Japan’s Idea of "Returning to Asia"

If we try to find the origin of Japan’s postwar foreign policy toward Asia, a historical node that can hardly be ignored is the Bandung Conference, which we are all familiar with, that is, the 1955 Asian-African Conference. Apart from the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence put forward by China at the Bandung Conference, Japan also got the opportunity to intervene in regional politics again through this conference. Despite the strong opposition from the United States, Ichiro Hatoyama’s government sent a Japanese delegation headed by Tatsunosuke Takasaki, then Japan’s Minister of International Trade and Industry, to attend the meeting, and took this opportunity to realize informal contacts between China and Japan.

The Japanese delegation is headed by Tatsunosuke Takasaki (second from left).

Japan’s diplomatic decision to participate in the Bandung Conference was made against the background of its domestic economic recovery. With the smooth progress of Japan’s economic recovery in the mid-1950s, when Ichiro Hatoyama became prime minister in 1955, Japan had generally returned to the highest level of the pre-war economy. Hatoyama confidently declared in Congress that Japan’s "post-war era" was over. In his view, the urgent task of the Japanese government is to re-establish Japan’s position in the international community and conduct diplomacy that is more in line with Japan’s interests. Under the guidance of this thought, Ichiro Hatoyama’s government hoped to adopt a softer diplomatic stance, and put forward the idea that Japan would intervene in Asian geopolitics as a "window between the East and the West".

On the other hand, in 1955, China also had a political basis for seeking cooperation extensively in diplomacy. It is true that both the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea in 1951 -1953 and the efforts of China’s military advisory group headed by Chen Geng in Dien Bien Fuk’s triumph in 1954 clearly showed that China would be committed to opposing the imperialist intervention of western countries in neighboring countries. However, when the war ended in 1953, the demand for resources necessary for domestic economic construction through foreign trade made China leaders adopt a very pragmatic diplomatic attitude on the international stage. European delegates to the Geneva Peace Conference in 1954 were surprised to find that China had adopted a foreign policy that was different from the previous one and centered on the economy. Similarly, at the Bandung Conference in 1955, Zhou Enlai also put forward suggestions for economic cooperation to Indonesian, Ceylon and Cambodian representatives, and promised that China would not seek interference and influence other countries’ internal affairs.

It is worth mentioning that the candidates for the Japanese delegation to the Bandung Conference are worth pondering, and can also reflect Japan’s consideration of its international status at that time to some extent. Tatsunosuke Takasaki, the head of the delegation, was appointed as the chief representative of Japan by Ichiro Hatoyama, not only because he has extensive contacts in the industry as a practical economic bureaucrat, so that he can represent Japan to discuss economic and trade cooperation with the countries present, but also reflects the long-standing Pan-Asian tradition in Japan. Whether it is the ruling Liberal Democratic Party after the war or the Japanese industry, before Japan’s defeat and surrender in the first half of the 20th century, quite a few people participated in Japan’s aggression and expansion in Southeast Asia, China and the Korean Peninsula, and were influenced by the so-called "Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Circle" theory, so they had intuitive feelings and experiences on the economic integration of Japan and Asia. Because the United States relaxed its responsibility for the old Japanese decision makers in Germany and Japan for the needs of the Cold War after the war, these former decision makers who were once expelled as war criminals from politics and business were able to once again enter the decision-making level of Japan. No matter Tatsunosuke Takasaki in politics, Kishi Nobusuke and Masayoshi Ohira, who became prime ministers after Hatoyama, Yoshisaburo Higasaki, the foreign minister in the Shore Cabinet, or Kaheita Okazaki and Yoshisuke Yukawa in industry, they all participated in Japan’s actions to support the puppet Manchukuo and Wang puppet regimes as economic bureaucrats during the Japanese invasion of China. These people who worked in the Puppet Manchukuo and Manchuria Railway Corporation formed a "Manchurian network" group across the political and business circles in Japan because of their common experience after the war.As the members of this group came back to power with the acquiescence of the United States after the war, Japan’s pre-war concept of pan-Asianism regained its influence in the decision-making level. In other words, Japan’s diplomatic inertia formed in the first half of the twentieth century was also continued in Japan’s foreign policy in 1955, which was embodied in re-establishing Japan’s influence in regional affairs by emphasizing "returning to Asia". Therefore, Takasaki’s participation in the Bandung Conference on behalf of Japan can be described as the epitome of this strategic consideration at the personnel level.

Of course, Takasaki cannot be simply classified as a supporter of the old Japanese policy. In Japan’s post-war political map, the most striking feature of Takasaki is that as a promoter of "diplomacy with communist countries"-Takasaki also participated in Japan’s diplomatic coordination with the Soviet Union, and participated in and promoted the negotiation of Japan-Soviet fishery agreement with Soviet Deputy Prime Minister mikoyan for three times in 1956, 1960 and 1962. At the Bandung Conference, Takasaki seized the opportunity to hold two secret talks with Premier Zhou Enlai, who also attended the conference, and reached a consensus on Sino-Japanese trade and civil goodwill. This has also become an important basis for Japan’s contact with China after 1955. After Bandung, China and Japan shared common interests on the decolonization of Asia and possible economic cooperation in the Pan-Asian region. After the meeting between Zhou Enlai and Takasaki, the two countries made serious efforts to deepen economic ties. In 1957, Japan and China signed two agreements, allowing China to export raw materials in exchange for industrial products and equipment. Although Sino-Japanese trade was interrupted after 1958 due to the Nagasaki flag incident, the trade between the two countries began to resume in 1961, and Japan became China’s largest import source country in 1964 (Table 1).

Of course, Japan’s performance at the Bandung Conference can not be simply described as "pro-China", but can be the best footnote for the country to wander between pro-America and independence. As early as before the opening of the Bandung Conference, Japanese Foreign Minister Shigemitsu Mamoru, with officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, strongly opposed Hatoyama’s decision to attend the Conference. Although Hatoyama insisted on sending a delegation to attend the Bandung Conference in the end, Shigemitsu Mamoru appointed Toshiichi Kakuba of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as the deputy representative of the Japanese delegation. It is precisely because of the communication between Kasai and Shigemitsu Mamoru that the meeting between Takasaki and Zhou Enlai was known by the US, and then pressure was exerted to cancel the third secret meeting between Zhou Enlai and Takasaki originally scheduled during the meeting. In other words, the opposition between pro-American bureaucrats and contact bureaucrats in the Japanese government has caused considerable constraints on the contact policy with China/the Soviet Union that Ichiro Hatoyama’s cabinet has been adhering to.

This contradiction between the pro-American faction and the independent diplomatic faction within the Japanese government is also reflected in the policy level, which is embodied in the Japanese delegation’s dependence on American capital and dollars in the economic proposal at the Bandung Conference. At the Bandung Conference, Japan put forward several economic issues: for example, establishing an Asian Payment Union to introduce foreign capital for Asian economic construction and solve the payment problem in bilateral trade, and establishing a permanent Asian Economic Cooperation Union to discuss regional economic development. This proposal received opposition from China and Indian countries. This is because the Asian Payment Union proposed by Japan will use the US dollar as the reserve currency. In the eyes of India, a former British colony, an Asian system based on the pound will be more beneficial to it. According to the telegram sent by Li Kenong to Ye Jizhuang on April 22, 1955, the representative of China was also deeply worried about the US dollar entering Southeast Asia through this Japanese channel. Li Kenong’s report reflects China’s judgment that whether the payment system is based on British pound or US dollar, it will pose a great threat to the independence of Asian countries. At the same time, due to the lack of sufficient foreign currency reserves, China will fall into diplomatic passivity in any system. At the same time, China is also wary of the possible role of the United States behind Japanese economic expansion in Asia. Zhou Enlai’s report to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China after Bandung Conference clearly reflected this attitude. In Zhou Enlai’s report of April 30th,China believes that Japan’s massive dumping in the Southeast Asian market is supported and encouraged by the US government, and its purpose is to establish economic control over Southeast Asia. In other words, China’s understanding of Japan is based on its awareness that it can’t get rid of being the executor of American Asian strategy whether it is voluntary or not.

Coincidentally, Japanese officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are also full of anxiety about industrial competition from China: according to the report of the China Division of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs on July 23, 1959, Japanese diplomats believe that the trade competition between China and Japan in the "free countries" in Southeast Asia has become increasingly fierce since 1955. In their view, China’s free aid and cheap exports to Southeast Asia pose a threat to Japan’s market share, and the signing of a series of "barter" agreements, such as the rice-for-textiles agreement between China and Myanmar and the rice-for-rubber trade agreement with Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), is a major challenge to Japan’s trade system based on international money and credit. Judging from these diplomatic documents in the 1950s, there are indeed voices within China and Japan to build each other’s strategic intentions based on the reality of the Cold War.

Japan-US Dispute Centered on Southeast Asian Policy

Then, is Japan, as previously recognized by academic circles, a follower of the United States to exert economic influence on Southeast Asia, thus curbing China’s influence in this region? Traditional academic circles believe that Japan gave up its diplomatic efforts to seek neutrality after the Kishi Nobusuke administration came to power in 1957, and instead expanded Japan’s economic interests in the western camp through the Japan-US alliance, and at the same time expanded Japan’s local economic influence with the help of the expansion of the United States in Southeast Asia. This assertion that Japan’s foreign policy is described as "hitchhiking" widely appears in the works of Japanese and American scholars.【2】. In this understanding, Japan is a staunch supporter of the United States, and the high consistency of interests between the two countries in Southeast Asia is an important cornerstone of this cooperation.

However, this argument has been challenged with the declassification of the latest diplomatic documents: since 1955, Japan has been obsessed with promoting economic integration with Southeast Asia, which is not in line with the national interests of the United States in the eyes of American decision-making groups. In Japan’s view, the key to Japan’s post-war rise lies in industrial transformation, that is, from low value-added manufacturing industries (such as textiles and food processing industries) to high value-added manufacturing industries (chemical industry, steel industry, shipbuilding industry). This process not only needs Japan to open the markets of western countries, but also needs to establish the industrial chains of Japan and Southeast Asian countries, obtain the markets, raw materials and primary processed products from the latter, and export technical standards to integrate them into the Japanese-led economic cycle. However, for the United States, Southeast Asia is the frontier of the struggle with China and the Soviet Union, and it is a neutral zone that may fall to the communist camp like a domino at any time. In the eyes of American policy makers, the support for Southeast Asia must focus on all kinds of direct assistance, such as food and consumer goods that people can directly use and military training and equipment against communist party revolutionaries. In this process, Japan should become a "quartermaster of a democratic country", while the United States, as an "arsenal of a democratic country", provides consumer goods and military assistance to the pro-American regime in Southeast Asia. In this sense, the United States and Japan have quite different ideas about Southeast Asia.

The starting point of this opposition is the Bandung Conference in 1955. The Asian Payment Union and the Asian Development Commune proposed by Japan at the meeting are not without warning. Tatsunosuke Takasaki himself submitted a proposal to Eisenhower as the Minister of International Trade and Industry of Japan before the meeting, seeking the support of the United States for Japan to establish economic cooperation in Southeast Asia. In this diplomatic document issued on March 9, 1955, Takasaki tried to persuade the United States to provide part of the reserve funds for the Asian payment union envisaged by Japan (according to Takasaki’s vision, the payment union needs to inject about 200 million US dollars from outside every year). Another noteworthy Japanese position is Japan’s position as a middleman in the aid sent by the United States to Southeast Asia. In this proposal, Takasaki proposed to the United States that in order to support Japan’s economic development, the United States should hand over American raw materials (such as grain and cotton) to Japan for processing and then transport them to Southeast Asia as food and textiles.

Corresponding to Japan’s active promotion of this plan, the attitude of the United States towards these two proposals is quite cold. Neither Eisenhower’s regime nor Kennedy/Johnson’s regime supported Japan’s plan. In Eisenhower’s view, Japan’s economic integration in Southeast Asia will be a huge waste of American resources: for the United States, which is seeking to curb the expansion of communist regimes on a global scale, instead of providing a lot of funds to support economic diplomacy that cannot be effective in a short time, it is better to use more resources to support countries that clearly express their pro-American stance and prevent these regimes from being overthrown by their own insurgents through direct consumer goods and military assistance. For the U.S. government, which just experienced diplomatic failure to Vietnam at the Geneva Peace Conference in 1954 and increased blood transfusion to the government of Wu Tingyan in South Vietnam after the conference, the Japanese proposal is unattractive.

However, Japan has not given up its idea, but its diplomatic efforts will not change the attitude of the United States in the next few years. In 1957, Ichiro Hatoyama’s cabinet, which adhered to the contact policy, was dissolved, and pro-American Kishi Nobusuke came to power. In that year, he visited the United States to seek American support for his regime. During the negotiation with Eisenhower, Kishi Nobusuke once again put forward the Japanese idea of establishing an Asian payment union, and hoped that the United States would give a clear statement and direct financial support. According to the record of the talks between the two sides on June 19, 1957, Eisenhower flatly rejected Kishi Nobusuke’s proposal and pointed out that "[Although] we understand Japan’s position, the resources of the United States for Southeast Asia are limited. Any support must be realistic and affordable. " Even at the meeting of the Operation Coordination Board on September 25th, Eisenhower Administration directly stated that any idea of establishing a common development fund in Southeast Asia was unrealistic. The differences between the United States and Japan on this issue can be seen at a glance.

The differences between the two sides also extended to the subsequent regimes of the two countries. The signing of the US-Kishi Nobusuke security agreement in 1960 triggered large-scale public protests, which eventually led to the downfall of the Japanese government. Kishi Nobusuke was succeeded by Ikeda Hayato, who was born in the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. It was during Ikeda’s cabinet period that Japan launched the "Income Multiplication Plan" aimed at vigorously promoting the development of the national economy, and made it clear that Japan’s economic development must rely on the output of industries. In 1962, Japan passed the Temporary Measures for the Revitalization of Specific Industries Act, and regarded the export of steel, automobile and oil industries as Japan’s core interests. Under this policy, Japan began to actively seek industrial integration with Southeast Asia, and achieved certain diplomatic achievements in the World War II compensation agreement with the government of Su Jianuo, Indonesia, that is, by compensating Japanese-made equipment, helping Indonesia to train technicians, and providing interest-free/low-interest export credit to purchase Japanese equipment, the export of Japanese industrial technical standards was realized.

For the United States, Japan’s economic development is commendable, but its vision for Southeast Asia does not meet expectations. In 1961, Rusk Dean, Secretary of State of the Kennedy Administration, visited Japan and held consultations with Japan for several days in Hakone. During the consultation on November 3rd, Eisaku Satō, then Japanese Minister of International Trade and Industry (later Prime Minister) and Kenji Fukunaga, then Japanese Minister of Labor, made sharp questions to the US side, questioning the rationality of the US policy towards Southeast Asia. The former accuses the United States of being meaningless in supporting Southeast Asia except "helping some regional leaders to build their own statues", while the latter demands that rusk clearly explain the position that the United States regards Japan as its Asian policy "agent". During the three-day consultations, Japan’s attitude was very clear: the United States should abandon its rigid Asian policy and fully accept Japan’s proposition of economic integration in Southeast Asia.

In contrast to Japan’s questioning, the United States has never given in to its position. Deputy Secretary of State Fuller and Freeman rejected Japan’s proposal to develop supporting industries of heavy chemical industry in Southeast Asia, but stressed the need to support agriculture and light and small industries in Southeast Asia. Rusk pointed out more bluntly that if Japan wants to continue to be an intermediate country of American aid to Southeast Asia, it must follow the position of the United States and only give aid funds to regimes with clear pro-American and anti-communist positions. At the same time, Japan’s contacts with neutral countries such as Myanmar and Indonesia will not be included in the direct support of the United States. Although this meeting was finally praised as an important achievement in deepening the understanding between the United States and Japan in public reports, the declassified meeting documents exposed the huge differences between the two sides. The differences between the two countries’ positions on Southeast Asia continued until the coup in Suharto in 1965 and the comprehensive escalation of the Vietnam War.

Solution: an analysis of the differences in Asian policies between the United States and Japan

So, what caused the diplomatic differences between the United States and Japan from 1955 to 1965? The author will discuss the internal affairs and regional politics of the two countries respectively. On the one hand, in the markets of developing countries, Japan is facing a common impact from the East and West camps. Whether it is the "barter" trade agreement between China and the Soviet Union and Southeast Asian countries, or the advantages of European and American countries in technology and capital, Japan’s actions to expand overseas markets are facing fierce competition. However, the crisis also contains a huge turning point: with the vigorous development of anti-colonial struggles (which are often led by communists) after the war, new nation-states have sprung up, and there has been a vacuum in the colonial market that was firmly controlled by Britain and France. For these emerging countries, it has become an important demand to get rid of the dependence on the former sovereign state economically and promote industrialization independently. For Japan, the reshuffle of Southeast Asia has become a godsend opportunity to pursue its own industrial upgrading and overseas trade share. From this point of view, it is even more natural for Japan to participate in the Bandung Conference and make friends with China, which has good relations with revolutionaries in Southeast Asian countries.

On the other hand, for Japan, the decade that began in 1955 was also a decade when Japan tried to integrate into the western economic system, and in the process, Japan paid a huge price. Some industries that flourished after the war, such as textiles and organic chemicals, were impacted by the protectionist policies of western countries, which made it difficult to develop in European and American markets. Since 1958, Japan’s textile exports to the United States have even been subjected to tariff repression and anti-dumping investigations by the United States. At the same time, Japan is also seeking to join the western economic clubs, namely the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the General Agreement on Tariffs (GATT). In the negotiations, Japan was explicitly asked to make concessions, open its market to countries in the same camp and stop protecting its industries with tariffs. Japan’s economic liberalization reached its peak in 1965: Sato’s cabinet assured the United States that it would provide Voluntary Export Restriction for Japanese textiles and promised to open 90% of the Japanese market as the price of joining the OECD. In other words, from 1955 to 1965, Japan integrated into the western economic system at great cost, and in order to maintain the competitiveness of Japanese industries, Japan must race against time to cultivate its own industrial alliances in other markets to cope with the competition from Europe and the United States. It is precisely because of this that Japanese industrial giants have also become the main force to promote Sino-Japanese trade negotiations and Japan’s investment in Southeast Asia.Both Kurashiki Silk Weaving Co., Ltd. (today’s Kolili Kuraray Co., Ltd.), a giant in textile and chemical industry, and Hitachi Group, an equipment manufacturing industry, actively supported the policy of engagement with China and Southeast Asia put forward by Japanese economic bureaucrats headed by Takasaki, and even directly participated in the negotiation process.　

If for Japan, the postwar foreign policy was mainly influenced by economic factors, then for the United States, the leader of the western camp, it was mainly political factors that influenced its Asian policy in the 1950s. Whether it was the stalemate of the Korean War in 1953 or the military victory of North Vietnam against France under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh in 1954, the United States began to seriously examine China’s geopolitical influence in Asia, and then looked at Southeast Asia with a very conservative and skeptical eye, fearing that a communist revolution would emerge from any Southeast Asian country that swept the whole region.【3】. In the case that Southeast Asia may enter the communist camp at any time, Japan’s proposal to develop Southeast Asia’s industries is naturally inappropriate in the eyes of American policymakers. In contrast, it is more in line with the national interests of the United States in the eyes of American policy makers to directly provide food, consumer goods and military assistance to pro-American countries in Southeast Asia through policies such as the Food for Peace Act (Public Law 480). In this scenario, Japan, as an American ally with the most developed production capacity in East Asia, is naturally entrusted with the task of "quartermaster of democratic countries". From Eisenhower’s regime to Johnson’s regime, such cognition has always had a huge market among decision makers in the State Council, USA. This situation was partially reversed until Nixon came to power and decided to end the Vietnam War and ease relations with China.

Of course, we can’t ignore the influence of European economic integration on Japan. The agreement of the European Economic Community (EEC) between France and West Germany, the Netherlands and Italy, which was signed in 1957, has obvious influence on Japanese policy makers. Not only because of the fierce competition between Europe and Japan in the global market, but also because the industrial integration policies pursued by the European Economic Community (such as jointly regulating agricultural prices, establishing common agricultural funds, and setting industrial standards) coincide with the policy blueprint that Takasaki and others hope to promote in Southeast Asia. In this case, it is not difficult to understand that Japanese policymakers feel a sense of crisis and work harder to promote similar agendas.

Conclusion and Prospect: Japan-US Relations in 1960s: From Disputes to Confluence

So far, this paper briefly combs the differences between Japan and the United States in Southeast Asia policy and China policy from the 1950s to the mid-1960s, and briefly analyzes the factors that may lead to these differences. As mentioned above, with the Indonesian coup in 1965 leading to the fall of the pro-China Su Jianuo regime, the differences between Japan and the United States will be bridged to some extent in the increasingly intensified Cold War confrontation in Southeast Asia, and the relations with China will be deteriorated to some extent. The second half of this paper will continue to trace back to Japan-US policies towards Southeast Asia after 1965, and focus on Japan’s domestic politics, especially the struggle between officials who support independence in the Ministry of International Trade and Industry and those who support coordination with the United States in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the same time, it will demonstrate what factors made the pro-American bureaucrats in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs finally overwhelm the technocrats in the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, and forced the latter to give part of the decision-making power to Japan’s foreign trade policy to the former.

[1] Japan signed a non-governmental trade agreement with the Republic in 1953. Before the Nagasaki incident in 1958, Japan signed four non-governmental trade agreements with China, and in 1958, it signed a Sino-Japanese iron and steel agreement to carry out exploratory cooperation in the field of industrial manufacturing. Although the trade relations between China and Japan were frozen after the Nagasaki incident in 1958, China and Japan signed the LT trade agreement through negotiations between Liao Chengzhi and Takasaki Tatsunosuke in 1962. Japan also became China’s largest trading country two years after the signing. This five-year trade agreement was renewed in 1967 and continued until the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan in 1972.

[2] Representative scholars who hold this view, such as Chalmers Johnson, Warren Cohen, Miyagi, Tian Feng Long, etc.

[3] This view is often called Domino Theory, which emphasizes that countries with communist revolutions will have a huge demonstration effect on the surrounding areas and give birth to communist revolutions in other regions.

　　Comics/He Zhaoxia

　　Changsha Evening News All-Media Reporter Shu Wen

　　Not long ago, the official announcement of Changsha Education Bureau that "starting from April 25th, Changsha Primary School will resume classes at the wrong peak" made many parents of primary school students relieved. In sharp contrast to the joy of parents of primary school students, it seems difficult for parents of kindergarten students who have started school irregularly to calm down: their children will go to primary school in the second half of the year, and now they will enter May, and they will stay at home and watch TV and play games. Will it affect the connection between young and old? The time of children in large classes in the park is shortened, and the training institutions are not yet open. How can parents help their children to make a good connection at home? The reporter interviewed many senior kindergarten directors and well-known primary school principals in Changsha to give advice to parents.

　　Stories alleviate the anxiety of young children’s connection, and parents buy textbooks to learn first.

　　Although the Ministry of Education explicitly proposed "zero starting point" enrollment, at this time last year, many parents transferred their children to a young connecting institution to learn some primary school knowledge in advance to adapt to the schedule of primary schools because they were worried that their children would lose at the starting line. However, this year, affected by the epidemic, not only the start time of kindergarten has not been clear, but also the training institutions listed in the final approval list are waiting. Undeniably, the lack of home cooperation and training institutions to help, the pressure of young convergence naturally falls more on parents.

　　In such a special period, the days passed quietly while waiting, which made the heart of Ms. Shen, the parents of large kindergarten students, more and more tight. She originally planned to send her children to a training class when the school started in the spring to make up for the young connection. However, the school start time has not been fixed, and she and her husband have to work during the day, so the children can only be taken care of by the elderly, resulting in the children being in a state of stocking almost all day. "I’m really worried that the child will suddenly switch from playing now to studying after school. Can he adapt?"

　　Like Ms. Shen, Ms. Chen has her troubles. In the second half of this year, her children will become first-grade primary school students, which makes her happy and worried. Happily, children will enter a new stage of life; Worryingly, the kindergarten starts late, and the young connection pressure on her and her husband is not small. "This semester’s kindergarten study is basically abandoned, and how to prepare for the child’s young connection" tests Ms. Chen and her husband. In order to relieve anxiety, she bought a textbook for the first grade and last semester, and studied it with her husband first.

　　"We can’t be ignorant of his learning content." After some research, Ms. Chen is confident that her children can master this knowledge. She told reporters that from the end of February to the present, in accordance with the principle of combining work and rest, in addition to arranging Chinese, mathematics and English knowledge study for children, she also interspersed poetry reading, picture book reading, calligraphy practice, skipping rope, roller skating and other sports. "It is only tentative to let children do some knowledge reserves in advance, without any assessment." Ms. Chen said that studying in advance may make children more confident about going to primary school, but after entering primary school, children may not listen carefully because they understand.

　　The survey is worried that children can’t keep up with their studies, and over 60% of parents will report to the young bridging course.

　　At present, how to do a good job of connecting young children is not only an urgent problem for parents of kindergarten students in large classes, but also the focus of education departments. In order to understand parents’ understanding and confusion about the connection between young and old children and their adaptability in primary schools, so as to grasp the future direction of parents’ education, not long ago, under the guidance of Yuelu District Education Bureau, Bocai Education Group distributed questionnaires to 2,102 kindergarten parents in the form of online questionnaires. The survey shows that many parents have different puzzles about the connection between young and young.

　　Many parents are worried about whether their children can smoothly adapt to the study and life of primary schools after attending primary schools, such as whether they can concentrate on lectures, whether they can adapt to the teaching methods of primary school teachers, whether they can take good care of themselves, and whether they can get along well with their classmates. There are also parents who worry from themselves, such as not being able to pick up their children too early after school; There are also a few parents’ worries from schools, such as campus safety and campus violence.

　　When answering the question "You will enroll your child in the young bridging course", over 60% of parents said "Yes". Among them, 58.75% parents think it is "very necessary" because they are worried that their children can’t keep up with their studies; 6.47% of parents think that other children have gone to school and their children can’t fall behind. Another 20.08% of parents said that they would not report, on the grounds that they would teach.

　　In addition, many parents who participated in the survey have doubts about what should be prepared and done in the early childhood bridging education, so that children can smoothly transition from kindergarten to primary school, and how to cultivate their various habits and skills.

　　"Through the feedback of literature and questionnaires, we can know that parents’ understanding of young convergence has made great progress compared with previous years. They no longer simply think that young convergence is only to teach children to read and count, but more importantly, to cultivate children’s good study habits and living habits. However, parents still have doubts about specific measures." The relevant person in charge of Bocai Primary School said in the investigation report.

　　Young convergence of views ≠ Parents should be patient and wait for the children who have just entered the school.

　　So, what can parents do to help their children make a good connection? Well-known primary school principals and senior public kindergarten directors in Yuelu District expressed their views.

　　Peng Qingqing, director of the Eighth Kindergarten of Yuelu Preschool Education Group, believes that when parents help their children to make young connections, they should first correctly define young connections. She said, "Young convergence ≠ Learning primary school content, learning quality training is far more important than learning knowledge and skills preparation. " She said, "From the perspective of the turn of education in the world today, it is from knowledge-based education to the cultivation of learning quality. Among them, learning quality refers to the positive attitude and good behavior tendency of children in the process of activities, including learning interest, learning habits, learning attitude and learning ability. "

　　Peng Qingqing suggested that parents should not only pay attention to the cultivation of their children’s learning quality, but also make their children well prepared for psychology, life, material, knowledge and sports. For example, help children prepare psychologically and stimulate their yearning for primary school life. When preparing for sports, you can help your child practice skipping, playing ball, running and other sports. "When entering primary school, it is necessary to carry out a sports compliance test, and the child’s physique, physical fitness and athletic ability must keep up. Studies have proved that skipping rope and racqueting can also cultivate children’s concentration. "

　　Long Sheng, the principal of Bocai Boarding Primary School, said that children in the young convergence stage have some characteristics and needs, and if parents understand them, they can be more patient. "6-year-old children’s cognitive ability and development level are not consistent. It is normal to have differences before and after. There is no right or wrong, and temporary backwardness should be allowed. In the face of many changes, the first psychological nutrition that children need in the young transition period is: a sense of security. " Longsheng said that the second demand of children at this stage is role model demand. They need to learn how to learn, how to manage their emotions and how to deal with problems in life, and this learning comes from an example, and parents are the best models.

　　"The basis of all learning abilities in the future is determined by whether you get enough psychological nutrition before the age of 7. Safety, example and recognition … … These are all psychological nutrition that children need. If you get it, children will naturally have the vitality to explore and learn new things; If he doesn’t get it, he will spend a lot of life energy to find unsatisfied psychological needs. Therefore, in the key steps of children’s growth, parents should be slower. Slow means feeding the child well first and giving him physiological and psychological nutrition; Slowness means creating high-quality parent-child relationship and teacher-student relationship first; Slow means waiting for a child to let his nature grow well. "

　　While advocating "slow education" and advising parents to be patient, Longsheng also put forward the view of "critical period", that is, growth is more important than children’s grades. "In such a critical period, what is the most critical, to cultivate? Years of educational work have made us realize that children should be cultivated when entering primary schools ‘ Freedom in rules ’ … … The process of helping children establish rules and habits is not simple and rude ‘ Pull weeds ’ , but should be ‘ Planting crops by throwing seedlings ’ The process. On the basis of rules, give them freedom of mind and thought. " Long Sheng said.

　　Worried that children can’t adapt to primary school? Try these six tricks.

　　What should parents do to help their children adapt to primary school study and life? Li Hui, the principal of the first primary school in Yuelu District, combined with 30 years of primary education practice, summed up the experience of six tricks to make children adapt to primary school life quickly.

　　These six tricks are: playing "family drama of primary school life" with children; One-day tour of primary school campus with children; Adjust your child’s schedule one month in advance; Adapt to not taking a nap; Develop three exclusive chores for children and cultivate their awareness of completing tasks on their own initiative; Establish a special study area for children and cultivate their concentration.

　　Taking the "Family Drama of Primary School Life" as an example, Li Hui suggested that parents can use 10 minutes to open a small family class every day, and family members can play the role of teachers and students in class, play games and make friends, so that children can learn to listen, learn to express and make friends on their own initiative. In terms of cultivating children’s awareness of actively completing tasks, she said that parents can arrange some tasks for their children every day, such as sweeping the floor, watering flowers, folding quilts and taking out garbage. After practicing for a month, children will build up the consciousness of actively completing tasks, so they don’t have to worry about their procrastination in doing homework and doing things, so as to avoid the trouble of parents nagging their children to do homework every day and urging them to "hurry up" in the future.

　　Cctv newsAccording to the website of the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Education is currently organizing the compilation and revision of textbooks for various subjects in ordinary high schools, and will complete the training of all staff in the new curriculum by the end of 2018. According to the Ministry of Education,Starting from the fall semester of 2019, all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China will implement new courses and use new teaching materials step by step.

　　Ministry of Education: At present, it is organizing the compilation and revision of textbooks for various subjects in ordinary high schools.

　　In order to thoroughly implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and implement the fundamental task of cultivating people by virtue, the Ministry of Education has revised and promulgated the Curriculum Plan for Ordinary Senior High Schools and Curriculum Standards for Chinese and Other Subjects (2017 Edition), and is currently organizing the compilation and revision of textbooks for various subjects in ordinary senior high schools.

　　The Ministry of Education has made it clear that the training of all staff in the new curriculum will be completed by the end of 2018, and the training of new teaching materials will be completed step by step in batches from the first half of 2019; Beginning in the autumn of 2022, all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China started to implement new courses and new textbooks; By 2025, the concept, content and requirements of new curriculum and new textbooks will be fully implemented in all aspects of ordinary high school education and teaching.

　　Next year, the new curriculum will be implemented step by step throughout the country.

　　The Ministry of Education has made it clear that from the fall semester of 2019, all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in China will implement new courses and use new textbooks step by step.

　　Pilot provinces for comprehensive reform of college entrance examination,You can implement new courses and use new textbooks from the first year of high school in the fall semester of 2019;

　　The provinces that launched the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination in 2018,You can implement new courses and use new textbooks from the first year of high school in the fall semester of 2019 or 2020;

　　The provinces that launched the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination in 2019,You can implement new courses and use new textbooks from the first year of high school in the fall semester of 2019 or 2021;

　　Provinces that start the comprehensive reform of the college entrance examination in 2020,You can implement new courses and use new textbooks from the first year of high school in the fall semester of 2020 or 2022.

　　Source of this article: China News Network, Ministry of Education website.

CCTV Olympic Channel Launches News Briefing

　　CCTV.com News: In order to further strengthen the Olympic concept and create an Olympic atmosphere, a news briefing was held in Beijing on the afternoon of 28th to launch the Olympic Channel of CCTV. It was announced at the meeting that from January 1 to September 30, 2008, the sports channel of CCTV will be renamed as the Olympic channel.

　　> > > > Click to watch the video recording of the news briefing.

Sun Yusheng, deputy director of CCTV.

　　Sun Yusheng, deputy director of CCTV, said in his speech that the launch of the Olympic Channel is an important node, which is the need for CCTV’s Olympic coverage to be further upgraded, and it marks the all-round development of CCTV’s Olympic coverage. To this end, CCTV will build the Olympic channel with the program standards and modes of the Olympic Games.

　　> > > Full text of Sun Yusheng’s speech: Do the best Olympic coverage.

　　Jiang Heping, director of CCTV sports channel, introduced that the Olympic channel will be operated in five stages according to the Olympic process in 2008. While maintaining the original characteristics of the sports channel, the following program arrangements will be made.

　　> > > > Full text of Jiang Heping’s speech: At that time, seven CCTV channels will cover the Olympic Games.

　　The first stage: January 1 to March 23. In the morning, the Sports Morning Post was completely revised to Hello, 2008, and in the afternoon, the Olympic Games time slot was opened to reorganize the classic games of previous Olympic Games.

　　The second stage: March 24th to May 3rd. Launch the torch relay report program "Walking with the Flame". This 40-minute program focuses on the relay of the Olympic flame abroad and Everest. At the same time, the "Beijing 2008" series will be adjusted. At this stage, the Olympic channel will focus on several time nodes: March 24, the fire ceremony in Olympia, Greece; On March 30, the fire handover ceremony at the marble stadium in Athens; On March 31, the torch arrived in Beijing; On April 30th, the countdown to the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games was 100 days. At the beginning of May, the Olympic flame passed into Mount Everest.

Jiang Heping, Director of CCTV Sports Channel

　　The third stage: May 4th to August 7th. The Olympic Channel adds a special program "Walking with the Torch" every morning, noon and evening, covering the Olympic torch relay in 31 provincial capitals of China. In addition, special time slots have been set up to report the preparation and promotion of Chinese athletes and the important events before the Olympic Games. It is the first time in the history of the Olympic Games that the torch relay will pass through all 21 overseas cities and 113 domestic cities on TV.

　　The Law on the Protection of the Yangtze River was officially implemented on March 1st. Can it provide a new model for China’s future legislation based on ecosystem? How should the Yangtze River Economic Belt really develop green?

　　News 1+1 connects with Chang Jiwen, deputy director of the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center, to analyze what changes will be brought by the Yangtze River Protection Law.

　　Q　The Yangtze River is "sick". Is the Yangtze River Protection Law "medicine"?

　　Chang Jiwen, Deputy Director of the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center:The Yangtze River basin has been "sick" in the past few years or even more than ten years. The problems of illegal fishing, pollution of the Yangtze River basin by chemical enterprises and smoke pollution are urgently needed to be solved by the Yangtze River Protection Law. If it is not to the point where it is impossible to cure or not to cure, the Yangtze River Protection Law will not be promulgated. Because in the past, there were various laws related to the protection of water bodies, such as the Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, the Law on Soil and Water Conservation, the Law on Forest Protection, etc., but the effect was not too great, so only a watershed law could be specially formulated to solve it.To stipulate a special system and stricter legal responsibilities to stop illegal activities..

　　Q　Yangtze River Protection LawWill it be more effective for the shortcomings in the ecological and environmental protection management of the Yangtze River Basin in the past?

　　Chang Jiwen, Deputy Director of the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center:I thinkWill be more effectively governed.. ①The punishment for the administrative counterpart is stricter.In the past, you may have done some acts without being punished. Now it is different. For example, if you engage in illegal fishing in production, you may confiscate fishing gear, including fishing boats, and be fined more than 10,000 yuan and less than 50,000 yuan. If you adopt methods such as poisonous fish, electric fish and fried fish, you may be fined more than 50,000 yuan and less than 500,000 yuan. If you violate the criminal law, you may be investigated for criminal responsibility. If some restaurants advertise in the name of selling wild fish, they will also be punished, with a maximum penalty of 2 million yuan. ②Stricter legal responsibilities have been imposed on local officials.If local officials do not seriously ensure the implementation of the law, they may face accountability. The highest accountability is to take the blame and resign, as well as dismissal and dismissal. This is the stricter legal responsibility after the strictest Environmental Protection Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) in history.

　　Q　Why should the Yangtze River protection start with a 10-year fishing ban?

　　Chang Jiwen, Deputy Director of the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center:The 10-year fishing ban has been scientifically demonstrated. On the basis of scientific argumentation, the state issued a fishing ban period, which was consolidated by the Yangtze River Protection Law. The Law on the Protection of the Yangtze River also stipulates a 10-year period for the investigation and evaluation of ecological biodiversity in the Yangtze River basin, including the restoration of plant and animal systems.It is beneficial to the ecological stability and biodiversity of the Yangtze River basin, and lays a solid foundation for the sustainable development of the Yangtze River basin in the future.. Its bottom line is to give priority to protection and green development, and the Yangtze River cannot be developed and utilized in a way that undermines the ability of sustainable development, so it must be protected first.After it is restored, the Yangtze River will be used in a sustainable way.This is the current rule of law model.

　　Q　Will economic development be affected if fishing is banned for 10 years?

　　Chang Jiwen, Deputy Director of the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center:Economic development will be affected in the short term, but in the long run, it will definitely promote economic development in a long term. ① In the short term, taking Jianli County, Jingzhou City, Hubei Province as an example, the transformation of fishermen is very painful. Because local finance can’t provide much money to support farmers’ transformation and production conversion, there are some difficulties in the short term. (2) in the long run, will not suffer. At present, the biggest impact is on the polluting economy and the ecologically destructive economy. Therefore, it will take some time for local transformation. We must grasp the rhythm and be patient. We must not be impatient and engage in polluting projects whenever there are difficulties. This is unacceptable. Therefore, if the work is in place and the pace of transformation is appropriate, it can promote the green competitiveness of cities in the Yangtze River Basin at home and even around the world. Now, we have been talking about green development, low-carbon development and circular development. Cities in the Yangtze River Basin should take this opportunity to enhance their competitiveness in the integration of green and low-carbon.

　　Q　How to grasp the balance between protection and development when formulating the detailed rules for the development of the Yangtze River Basin at the local level?

　　Chang Jiwen, Deputy Director of the Institute of Resources and Environmental Policy of the State Council Development Research Center:(1) strictly enforce the law, strictly implement the Yangtze River Protection Law, so that the requirements of the law can be implemented in production and life. 2 Actively and scientifically guide the green transformation. Although the foundation of transformation in some places is very weak, you have to transform. The sooner you transform, the more active you are. All localities should complement each other’s industries, form their own industries with advantages and characteristics, and carry out innovation.

△ "Under the protection of news 1+1, how did the Yangtze River become a" golden economic belt "? 》

　　Recently, the central and local governments at all levels have voiced their voices one after another, adjusted and optimized real estate policies in a timely manner, and made good use of the policy toolbox to better meet the rigid and improved housing needs of residents.

　　A few days ago, Zhengzhou issued the "Notice on Further Promoting the Stable and Healthy Development of the Real Estate Market in Our City", proposing 15 optimization policies, such as canceling the sales restriction and implementing "recognizing the house but not the loan".

　　The insiders believe that stabilizing the construction industry and the real estate industry plays an important role in promoting the economic recovery. Previously, some adjustment policies proposed by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the People’s Bank of China will accelerate, and the real estate market is expected to usher in a steady development trend.

　　On August 4th, the National Development and Reform Commission and other four departments held a press conference with the theme of "laying a good combination of macro policies and promoting high-quality economic development". Yuan Da, Deputy Secretary-General of the National Development and Reform Commission and Director of the Comprehensive Department, said that policies and measures such as promoting the renovation of urban villages in mega-cities and the construction of "flat and emergency dual-use" public infrastructure, and orderly expanding the issuance scale of real estate investment trusts (REITs) in the infrastructure sector have been introduced and implemented one after another, and other policies are also being pushed forward, providing strong policy support for sustained economic recovery.

　　"Strengthen policy reserves in better meeting the rigid and improved housing needs of residents and actively expanding effective investment, and continuously release the potential of ultra-large-scale market." Yuan Da said.

　　Zou Lan, director of the Monetary Policy Department of the People’s Bank of China, said that he would continue to support the smooth operation of the real estate market, and reiterated that he would continue to implement the loan support plan for Baojiaolou until the end of May 2024, and steadily push forward the rental housing loan support plan in pilot cities. At the same time, guide banks to adjust the interest rate of existing individual housing loans in an orderly manner according to law.

　　It is worth mentioning that this is not the first time that the People’s Bank of China has proposed to adjust the "stock mortgage interest rate". On July 14th, at the press conference of financial statistics for the first half of 2023 held by the State Council Office, Zou Lan said that the interest rate of existing mortgage loans issued in previous years in China was still at a relatively high level. "Next, in accordance with the principles of marketization and rule of law, the People’s Bank of China supports and encourages commercial banks and borrowers to negotiate independently to change the contractual agreement, or to issue new loans to replace the original stock loans."

　　Subsequently, on August 1st, the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange also explicitly proposed in the working meeting in the second half of 2023 that the differentiated housing credit policy should be accurately implemented due to the city’s policy, and the interest rate and down payment ratio of individual housing loans should continue to decline to better meet the rigid and improved housing needs of residents. Guide commercial banks to adjust the interest rate of existing individual housing loans in an orderly manner according to law.

　　Zhang Bo, president of 58 Anjuke Research Institute, said that at present, the downward direction of the interest rate of existing individual housing loans has been made clear, which is an important measure to reduce the demand-side cost of buying houses. On the one hand, adjusting the interest rate of stock mortgage can reduce the economic burden of the people who have bought houses, and play a certain role in promoting their living expenses. On the other hand, it can also reduce the phenomenon of early repayment of loans, which is conducive to the stability of high-quality mortgage assets of banks.

　　In fact, in addition to the frequent statements of the financial sector, the housing and construction sector has also made a clear statement. Ni Hong, Minister of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, pointed out at a recent enterprise symposium that it is necessary to continue to consolidate the trend of stabilization and recovery of the real estate market, vigorously support the demand for rigid and improved housing, and further implement policies and measures such as reducing the down payment ratio and loan interest rate for the first home purchase, reducing taxes and fees for the purchase of improved housing, and "recognizing housing without repaying loans" for individual housing loans.

　　Among these policies, the policy of "recognizing the house without recognizing the loan" has received great attention. Li Yujia, chief researcher of the Housing Policy Research Center of the Guangdong Provincial Urban Planning Institute, said that "there is no need to recognize a house" means that when determining the loan ratio, commercial banks do not look at the previous loan records, but only determine whether there is a house under the family name. This means that the "sell one, buy one" improved home buyers will enjoy the treatment of the first home purchase.

　　Policies such as "recognizing the house without recognizing the loan" are expected to usher in more breakthroughs in the second half of the year. On August 3, Zhengzhou announced the implementation of the policy of "recognizing houses but not loans", which is considered to have a strong demonstration significance. First-tier cities such as North, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen have also indicated that they will pay close attention to the implementation work in conjunction with relevant departments in light of the actual situation of the local real estate market, vigorously support and better meet the rigid and improved housing needs of residents, and promote the stable and healthy development of the real estate market.

In what way human society lives, it fights in what way. With the maturity of the military Internet of Things, it is possible for weapons and equipment to "see", "communicate", "think" and listen to "command". Silent objects seem to have wisdom, which will provide important support for the integrated joint operational command and decision-making system and will be the real "tight encirclement" in the future war environment.

Realize seamless battlefield perception and improve battlefield transparency.

As early as 1999, when the Internet of Things was just born, it was called sensor network. The birth of the sensor system of military Internet of Things can be traced back to the Vietnam War in 1960s. In order to monitor the people and vehicles coming and going on the Ho Chi Minh Trail, the US military used an unattended "tropical tree" vibration sensor. When there is a target moving, the sensor can detect the vibration and sound source information generated by the target, and then transmit the data to the command center, so as to command the air fighter to bomb the target.

The military Internet of Things focuses on the battlefield situation awareness, intelligent analysis and judgment, action process control and other links, so that the system can operate effectively in all directions, full-time domain and full spectrum, thus breaking the "fog of war" and comprehensively improving system capabilities based on information systems. Using the core technology of military Internet of Things-radio frequency identification technology, ordinary and low-cost equipment can also effectively obtain battlefield information and transmit it in real time through the network. For example, the "smart dust" developed by the US military has all the functions from information collection, processing to sending, although it is only the size of gravel. This will bring a new revolution to information acquisition: on the one hand, it can eliminate the blind spot of reconnaissance, realize the "seamless" perception of the battlefield and improve the transparency of the battlefield; On the other hand, the military Internet of Things can bring all personnel, weapons and support materials on the battlefield into the network. Any sensor on the network node can be connected with various reconnaissance and monitoring systems on satellites and airplanes to obtain the spatial positioning ability of the target that it does not have, so as to realize the perception and be positioned.

The military Internet of Things can also realize the accuracy of battlefield perception, that is, to establish an all-factor, all-process comprehensive information chain from the automatic perception of the battlefield from the sensor to the shooter, data transmission, command and decision, and fire control, so as to realize the reconnaissance of enemy forces’ deployment, weapons and equipment configuration, movement state, reconnaissance of operational terrain, defense facilities and other environments, accurate perception of battlefield information such as their own position protection and force dynamics, and joint cooperation of large-scale weapons platforms and various forces and weapons.

With the development of military internet of things technology, in the future information battlefield, military information network will be integrated with military internet of things, providing a brand-new means for information acquisition and processing. At present, the military of western developed countries attaches great importance to the development of military Internet of Things, and regards it as an important research field of sensor networks, and various innovative military Internet of Things platforms emerge one after another. The U.S. military has successively carried out research and application of a series of military sensor network systems, such as "Rumbas" system for remotely monitoring the battlefield environment, "Sand Line" system for monitoring the movement of weapon platforms, and "Wolf Pack" system for detecting electromagnetic signals. Japan, Britain, Italy, Brazil and other countries and armies have also shown strong interest in the military IOT network, and have launched research work in the military application field of wireless sensor networks.

Implementing transparent command in the whole process to improve the efficiency of operational decision-making

The military Internet of Things connects various military elements in the military field, such as things and things, things and people. Every combat unit, every firepower unit, every soldier and every weapon is tagged with RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), and every combat action of the troops can be transmitted to the command center through the wireless data communication network, thus realizing the transparent command and control of the whole combat action and improving the efficiency of operational decision-making.

Shorten the command cycle. The future information-based war will be a high-speed, high-precision and high-intensity war, with the sudden outbreak of the war, the rapid transformation of combat styles, the increased flow of material, energy and information on the battlefield, and the changeable flow direction. The relationship between various operational factors is complex, especially the application of the Internet of Things technology and the large number of information-based weapons and equipment put into the battlefield, which greatly shortens the process of obtaining intelligence information, transmitting information, making up your mind, implementing operational actions and evaluating operational effects. For example, the application of information transmission system based on military Internet of Things technology can greatly shorten the process of battlefield intelligence information transmission and greatly improve the speed of information transmission; Through the real-time monitoring of the battlefield, accurate target positioning information can be provided to the fire control and guidance system, and the command cycle of "observation-positioning-decision-action" can be shortened, thus making the command faster and more flexible.

Improve battlefield awareness. Applying the Internet of Things technology to the military field will make the battlefield intelligence information more accessible, faster in transmission and more scientific in processing and application, thus deepening the understanding of the battlefield. If the Internet of Things technology is applied to reconnaissance and early warning equipment, assisting reconnaissance satellites with real-time reconnaissance and real-time transmission capabilities, battlefield surveillance TV systems, unmanned aerial vehicles, etc., a large number of battlefield information can be collected all-weather, all-time, timely and accurately, so as to correctly recognize the battlefield. At the same time, the application of military internet of things will provide material conditions for commanders to command in real time. Commanders can get a panoramic view of the whole battlefield situation through the information display system of the command center, and countless digital links connected with the large database of the command center will extend to every corner of the battlefield, transmitting the positions, actions and achievements of the enemy and our troops to the command center in real time, forming a constantly updated comprehensive shared battlefield situation map, on which commanders can make decisions, quickly make up their minds, make correct responses to changes in the situation and command troops to fight in real time.

Implement stable command. The application of command information system with military Internet of Things technology as the core can realize the integration of acquisition, transmission, processing and application of battlefield information, and the seamless connection between all links can be realized. In particular, the command information system networked by military Internet of Things technology is network-like. Even if one channel is hard-destroyed and soft-killed by the enemy, other channels can work, so that battlefield information can be continuously obtained, transmitted, processed and used, effectively avoiding the situation that the troops will lose control when the combat command system is destroyed in the past, and enabling commanders to conduct stable command of the military operations. At present, the armed forces of western developed countries are seizing the development opportunity, vigorously developing the military Internet of Things, and building the future battlefield sensing nerve.

Fully control the war supply line and improve the accuracy of support.

Military Internet of Things has unlimited potential, and its popularization and application in the field of logistics support will help to realize "dynamic precision" support. During the Iraq war, Tommy Felix, then commander of the US Central Theater, ordered that any materials entering the theater under his jurisdiction must be tagged with RFID, so that he could get a panoramic view of the battlefield dynamic logistics without any effort.

Improve the ability of dynamic adaptive logistics support. The Internet of Things seems to be a perfect technology tailored for military logistics, which can effectively avoid the blindness of logistics work. With the breakthrough of radio frequency identification technology, two-dimensional bar code technology and intelligent sensing technology, the Internet of Things can provide a convenient and flexible solution for automatically obtaining information such as materials in storage, transportation and use. In the process of various military operations, the military Internet of Things can provide appropriate equipment and supplies to the combat troops at accurate locations and at accurate times, so as to avoid unnecessary confusion, trouble and waste caused by redundant materials rushing to the combat area. At the same time, it can make decisions according to the changes of battlefield environment, coordinate, control, organize and implement logistics support independently, and has adaptive logistics support ability. In addition, the military Internet of Things has realized the intelligence of military equipment. Through a large number of sensors, weapons and equipment can obtain battlefield information such as battlefield situation and enemy threat in real time, so as to respond in time and improve battlefield survivability; Through the embedded diagnostic sensor chip, the operator and maintenance point can know the intact condition of each part of the equipment in time, and realize the accuracy of battlefield maintenance.

Strengthen the precise control of combat materials. The electronic tag technology adopted by the military Internet of Things was first applied to the military. During the first Gulf War, American troops transported about 40,000 containers of weapons and equipment to the war zone. However, due to unclear signs, a lot of equipment lost cannot be found, which consumes huge war resources. Twelve years later, during the Iraq war, the US military installed high-tech RF satellite chips on every container shipped to the Gulf region, and placed readers at important material transportation intersections and storage areas, which realized the whole-course tracking of personnel, equipment and materials, made the material supply and management quite transparent, greatly improved the effectiveness of military logistics support, and finally saved billions of dollars. With the maturity of RFID tag technology and the reduction of cost, the military Internet of Things can be fully applied to single weapons, thus strengthening the management of weapons and equipment, and helping to find weapons and equipment that are extremely threatening and lost on the battlefield.

Improve the safety of supply lines. The logistics system based on the military Internet of Things has the characteristics of networking and nonlinear structure, and has strong anti-interference and anti-attack ability. It can not only accurately grasp the whole process of transporting materials from the factory to the foxhole in front, but also provide danger warning, deploy tasks for transport vehicles on the way and optimize transportation routes. In particular, it can integrate logistics support operations with the whole digital battlefield environment, realize the integration of logistics support and combat operations, enable logistics commanders to make decisions at any time or even in advance, greatly enhance the flexibility and crisis control ability of logistics operations, and fully guarantee the safety of logistics transportation.

[Global Times reporter Fan Wei Hu Yuwei special correspondent Jiang Bohuai] Recently, many China students believed in the temptation of getting rich and were tricked into losing contact with Myanmar, which once again aroused strong concern among domestic people about the problem of illegal smuggling. Although these lost students were finally found after many efforts, the evil phenomenon of luring others to sneak out of the country and engage in illegal activities still exists, and some people still have illusions about the false "gold rush dream". Recently, Yang, a self-confessed person who was deceived and smuggled abroad for nearly two years, told the Global Times reporter about his tragic experience of inhuman torture abroad. Yang told the Global Times reporter that he hoped to use his personal experience to warn people who had the same fantasies as him not to make the same mistakes again.

"When he lifted his underwear on his back and thighs, the scars deeply embedded in his skin shocked all the policemen present," a policeman at the entry-exit frontier inspection station in Ruili, Yunnan, who participated in receiving Yang, told the Global Times reporter that at the moment when he saw Yang show his scars, he and his colleagues around him could not believe that such a tragic experience had happened to a young man who was only 18 years old.

And the beginning of all this, just because of an overseas "gold rush" message.

Yang comes from a county in Guizhou, but he always has a dream of getting rich one day at a young age. One day in December 2020, he accidentally received a short message from abroad, which said that a company in Myanmar was recruiting salesmen. "As long as you can surf the Internet, you can chat with customers on your mobile phone and promote your products, you can easily earn 100,000 yuan a month! Food, shelter, and round-trip air tickets … "Yang told the Global Times reporter that after several days of careful consideration, he finally failed to resist the temptation of high salary and planned to take a trip outside while he was young. So I immediately got in touch with the other party, agreed on a good time, and sneaked abroad under the arrangement of the other party.

"But it doesn’t feel right when you get there. It doesn’t look like a place where you can make money," Yang said. After arriving in Myanmar, he went with the car to a "company" hidden in an unknown mountain. Although the connector claimed to be a "company", it was just a few iron houses built sporadically on the grassy grass, and the environment was very poor.

Before his previous contact showed up, he was taken to a dark room and forced to hand over his mobile phone, bank card and ID card. "When I first arrived in Myanmar at night, the wind outside made a creaking noise on the iron sheet. In the dormitory of two dozen people, the double-decker iron bed would make a harsh noise as soon as it turned over, and a pale yellow light would light up in a small toilet. I couldn’t sleep over and over in bed, and my heart was not practical, "Yang recalled the night when he first arrived in Myanmar.

The next day, the "company" manager led Yang to the place of work. "I asked what it was, and the person who took the class told me that it was fraud through online social software. Before leaving the country, my contact always told me that I was engaged in’ promotion’ work after arriving in Myanmar, and did not disclose that I wanted to engage in fraud. "Yang said that he immediately refused, but five or six big men rushed out of the inner room and dragged him into the inner room, followed by a burst of punching and kicking. Subsequently, Yang was detained by gunmen and restricted his personal freedom until he signed a work contract with the company a week later, but he lost his freedom and dignity since then. Not only did I not get the so-called "high salary" at the beginning, but I was also intimidated and brainwashed to "go to work" to engage in telecom fraud.

Yang recalled that the "company" manager asked him to complete the work tasks of the day every day before he got off work. Every day, "colleagues" are dragged to the inner room and beaten up, or handcuffed and electrocuted, and shouts are often heard from the inner room. This happens to everyone who can’t finish the task, and he is not spared.

"One day, because I didn’t complete the task arranged by the company, I was asked by the manager of the’ company’ to take off my clothes in public, kneel on the ground, and then beat my back, ass and thighs with a whip, leaving a deep imprint. In a short time, my back was beaten raw and bloody, and I could smell the faint smell of blood in the surrounding air. Half an hour later, perhaps because I was tired from playing, or because I thought I was still of use value, the manager of the’ company’ stopped waving the whip in his hand and threatened me that if I didn’t get results within a week, I would dig out my kidney and sell it! Speaking of the scene that he had been abused, Yang was still a little afraid.

In order not to be whipped again by the manager, Yang worked overtime every day and exhausted his efforts to complete the tasks arranged by the "company". I thought this life would be easier. Unexpectedly, due to the serious lack of long-term overtime sleep, there was a mistake in the work, so the manager of the company slapped him continuously, which led to the rupture of the eardrum of the left ear. The manager also pointed a gun at Yang’s head to warn him not to do it again.

In the days of living an inhuman life, Yang also thought about running away, but because his ID card had been taken away and he was a stranger, he couldn’t escape at all. "The company is located in the barren hills and there are guards at the door, and they can’t let me escape. Someone tried to escape, but they were quickly recovered. What was waiting for them was a beating and then put in jail," Yang said.

Finally, because of his mediocre performance in "work", Yang was sold as "goods" by the "company" managers to a number of companies engaged in fraud. But each time, they suffered from worse environment and more brutal abuse.

Yang said that during his two years of smuggling abroad, he was whipped and injured in more than 20 places, especially leaving a 15cm-long scar on his calf. In the past two years, he wanted to leave countless times, but every time he mentioned this to the manager of the company, he was beaten up and couldn’t get out of bed for two or three days. Because of his physical pain, Yang dared not mention leaving again. Every day, he lived like a walking corpse.

The last "company" where Yang worked was located in a mountain near Muse City, Myanmar. After coming to this "company", Yang still engaged in the same "work" as the first two companies. The only difference was that the manager of this "company" told him that as long as he could pay 60,000 yuan, he could let him leave and regain his freedom. The hope of life prompted Yang to start making fraudulent phone calls day and night, hoping to earn enough money to be redeemed as soon as possible and escape from here as soon as possible.

In February of this year, Yang, who had experienced a nightmare life in Myanmar for nearly two years, finally saved enough money to be redeemed and regained his freedom. At the first time he left the company, Yang came to Ruili Port to surrender to the police at the border checkpoint on duty at the port.

"It feels really good to go home. I can accompany my parents and do what I want. Even if I take a class at home, it is better than there. In the future, I want to open my own grilled fish shop and stop thinking about the dream of getting rich overnight." The police at the entry-exit frontier inspection station in Ruili, Yunnan Province told the Global Times reporter that when he met Yang, he kept expressing his regret for easily listening to others smuggling out of the country, and at the same time he was glad that he had the opportunity to become the kind of person who escaped from inhuman torture. At present, Yang has been taken criminal compulsory measures in accordance with the law for allegedly crossing the country (border), and the case is being handled.

In recent years, some people have been tricked into engaging in online gambling and telecom fraud abroad by the high salary trap. These cross-border illegal activities have triggered a series of chain social problems in Southeast Asian countries such as Myanmar, the Philippines and Thailand, such as murder, kidnapping and human trafficking. In order to crack down on a series of criminal activities, on March 20th, a trilateral meeting on human trafficking jointly held by the Ministry of Public Security of the People’s Republic of China, the National Police of the Republic of Myanmar and the National Police Department of Thailand was held in Bangkok, Thailand, which will jointly crack down on transnational crimes such as human trafficking and telecom fraud.

According to the China Embassy in Myanmar, on March 23rd, Chen Hai, Ambassador of China to Myanmar, also held a meeting with Lieutenant General Soto, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of the Interior of Myanmar, on stepping up efforts to crack down on illegal cross-border criminal activities such as cyber fraud and gambling.

Ambassador Chen Hai pointed out that illegal cross-border criminal activities such as online fraud and gambling harm people’s interests and safety, undermine social stability and order, and affect China-Myanmar exchanges and cooperation. Recently, many incidents of Chinese personnel crossing the border to Myanmar have the background of illegal activities such as online fraud and gambling in Myanmar. It is hoped that Myanmar will attach great importance to the seriousness and harmfulness of related activities, further strengthen coordination and cooperation with China, intensify efforts to crack down on related illegal activities, and create a clear environment for China-Myanmar friendly cooperation.

Suotu said that Myanmar is well aware of the dangers of illegal activities such as online fraud and gambling, attaches great importance to the position that China has repeatedly stated, and has stepped up efforts to crack down. In view of the recent continuation of illegal activities in Myanmar, Myanmar is willing to join forces with China and other relevant neighboring countries to resolutely crack down and effectively curb them, and jointly safeguard the friendly cooperation between China and Myanmar and the safety of people’s lives and property.