Five insurances and one gold are very important for every employee, which is related to everyone’s pension, medical care, unemployment, work injury and maternity protection, and is also closely related to the housing problem. The following is a detailed introduction to the calculation method and related regulations of five insurances and one gold.

Five insurances are endowment insurance, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, industrial injury insurance and maternity insurance, and one gold refers to housing accumulation fund. Its calculation is mainly based on the payment base and payment ratio. The payment base is usually the average monthly salary of employees in the previous year, but there will be upper and lower limits. Taking the local average social wage as a reference, the lower limit of the payment base is generally 60% of the social wage, and the upper limit is 300% of the social wage. If the employee’s salary is lower than the lower limit, the lower limit will be used as the payment base; Above the upper limit, it is calculated according to the upper limit; Between the upper and lower limits, the actual salary is the base of payment.

The following are common payment ratios (which may vary in different regions):

Take the old-age insurance as an example. If the employee’s monthly salary is 5,000 yuan, the unit contribution ratio is 16% and the individual contribution ratio is 8%. Then, the monthly pension insurance fee that the unit needs to pay is 5000×16% = 800 yuan, and the individual needs to pay 5000×8% = 400 yuan.

The payment base of housing provident fund is also generally the average monthly salary of employees in the previous year, and the payment ratio is between 5% and 12%, and the payment ratio of units and individuals is usually the same. Assume that the contribution ratio is 8%, the monthly salary is 5,000 yuan, and the units and individuals need to pay 5,000× 8% each month = 400 yuan, and the employees’ monthly provident fund accounts add a total of 800 yuan.

It should be noted that the five insurance and one gold policies in various places will be adjusted according to local economic development, average social wages and other factors. Employees can know the latest payment base, proportion and other information through the local social security department official website, telephone hotline or agency. Enterprises are also obliged to pay five insurances and one gold in full for employees according to regulations, which is not only to protect the rights and interests of employees, but also the social responsibility of enterprises.

Understanding the calculation method and related regulations of five insurances and one gold is helpful for employees to know their rights and benefits and plan their personal finances reasonably. At the same time, in the case of changing jobs, salary adjustment, etc., the payment of five insurances and one gold can also be accurately calculated.

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　　BEIJING, Beijing, August 27 (Reporter Zhang Ziyang) On August 27, the Ministry of Public Security issued an A-level wanted order to publicly arrest the second batch of 50 major fugitives. The 50 major fugitives are mainly suspected of intentional homicide, kidnapping, illegal manufacture of explosives, telecommunication network fraud, illegal absorption of public deposits, organization, leadership, participation in underworld organizations and other crimes.

　　It is understood that more than 108,000 fugitives have been arrested nationwide since the nationwide public security organ "Yun Jian" campaign was launched on June 13th, an increase of 40% over the same period last year. In particular, after the Ministry of Public Security held a press conference on July 24th, issued an A-level wanted order to publicly arrest 50 major fugitives, and published the Notice of the Ministry of Public Security of the Supreme People’s Procuratorate, the Supreme People’s Court on urging fugitives to surrender themselves, the public security organs throughout the country closely investigated and monitored them, made full efforts to investigate and arrest them, and all sectors of society participated extensively, and the people enthusiastically reported them, which quickly formed a strong momentum and a strong atmosphere for all police to pursue and all people to pursue them, and achieved very remarkable results.

　　Up to now, the first batch of 50 major fugitives who have been publicly wanted have reached 28 cases, of which 3 have been arrested according to reports from the masses, 8 have surrendered voluntarily, and 17 have been arrested by public security organs.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Public Security said that in the next step, the public security organs will continue to intensify the pursuit and strive to arrest all the wanted fugitives as soon as possible. The public security organs hope that all sectors of society and the masses will continue to support the pursuit, actively report clues and assist in arresting criminal suspects. For those who provide effective clues and play a key role in the arrest, the Ministry of Public Security will give a reward of RMB 100,000 for each person who is arrested. The public security organ promises to keep the informer’s information strictly confidential and not disclose it to any irrelevant personnel. At the same time, the public security organs once again urged all fugitives to seize the opportunity and voluntarily surrender themselves. For those who voluntarily surrender and truthfully confess their crimes, the public security organs will strictly implement the "Notice on Urging Fugitives to Surrender themselves" in conjunction with procuratorial organs and judicial organs, and will be lenient according to law. Those who stubbornly resist to the end will be resolutely punished according to law.

　　Attachment: 50 wanted major fugitives

　　1. Li Long, nicknamed "San Ge" and "Sumomo San", male, Han nationality, born on November 12, 1974, registered at No.058, Xinglong South Road, longtan town, Bobai County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with ID number of 45252819741112753, is suspected of organizing, leading and participating in organized crimes of underworld nature.

　　2. Tang Xionghua, male, Han nationality, born on October 21, 1969, registered at No.16, Panlong East Road, Wuxi Town, Qiyang County, Hunan Province, with ID number of 432930196910214179, is suspected of organizing, leading and participating in organized crimes of a triad nature.

　　3. Dong Xia, female, Han nationality, born on May 27, 1964, has an accent in Hexi District, Tianjin, and her household registration address is Room 9C, Block C, Ruihai Haoting, Yuya Road, Jiyang District, Sanya City, Hainan Province. Her ID number is 120103196405277024, and she is suspected of leading organized crimes of a triad nature.

　　4. Sun Shiguo, male, Han nationality, born on June 27, 1989, registered in An Zi Goushe, Xinhua Village, Jinsha Township, huadian city City, Jilin Province, with the ID number of 220282198906273252, is suspected of leading organized crimes of a triad nature.

　　5. Zhang Haiyan, male, Han nationality, born on March 21, 1957, registered in Qianzhai Village, Fuji Town, Xiangcheng City, Henan Province, with ID number of 412702195703214112, is suspected of leading organized crimes of a triad nature.

　　6. Lin Junhui, male, Han nationality, born on August 27th, 1978, is about 170 cm tall, with a round face, a slightly chubby figure and a splayed gait. His household registration address is No.170 Chaoyang, Qingzhu Farm, Changjie Town, Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province, and his ID number is 330226197808270031, and he is suspected of participating in organized crimes of underworld nature.

　　7. Cui Yongjiang, male, Han nationality, born on February 28th, 1973, is about 168cm tall and has a rectangular face. He has an accent in Jilin City, Jilin Province, and his household registration address is Sanshe, Langtoushanzi Village, Wanchang Town, Yongji County, Jilin Province. His ID number is 22022119730228683X, and he is suspected of participating in organized crimes of a triad nature.

　　8. Zhang Xiuyuan, female, Han nationality, was born on August 11, 1964. Her domicile is No.323, Xiaoyingpan Village, Dadaowan Town, qianshan district, Anshan City, Liaoning Province. Her ID number is 21031196408112180, and she is suspected of participating in organized crimes of a triad nature.

　　9. Dai Tianyong, male, Han nationality, was born on November 12, 1973. His domicile is No.287, Floor 24, Unit 4, Building 150, Shengli South Road, tiedong district, Anshan City, Liaoning Province. His ID number is 210304197311120855, and he is suspected of participating in organized crimes of underworld nature.

　　10. Du Xingchuang, male, Mongolian, was born on June 28th, 1975, and his domicile is No.6, Dutun, Qianfa Village, Ronghuashan Town, zhuanghe city City, Liaoning Province. His ID number is 210225197506280070, and he is suspected of participating in underworld organizations and committing crimes of provocation and intentional injury.

　　11. Deng Yonggang, male, Han nationality, born on January 11, 1990, is about 165 cm tall. His household registration address is No.70, Block Wu Village Group, Yangtianchong Village Committee, Dapo Township, Zhanyi District, Qujing City, Yunnan Province. His ID number is 53032819900111312. He is suspected of participating in underworld organizations, participating in forced labor, provoking troubles, illegally invading houses, illegally detaining, etc.

　　12. Li Liyang, male, Han nationality, born on January 23, 1982, is about 170cm tall, with a square face and a chubby figure. He has an accent in Fuyuan County, Qujing City, Yunnan Province, and his household registration address is No.131, Dehei Village, Chahe Village Committee, Shibalianshan Township, Qujing City, Yunnan Province. His ID number is 532225198201231711, and he is suspected of participating in underworld organizations.

　　13. Guo Bing, male, Han nationality, born on March 13, 1979, is about 174 cm tall. His domicile is No.20, Group 22, Hekou Village, Chen Qiao Street, Gangzha District, Nantong City, Jiangsu Province. His ID number is 320611197903133719. He is suspected of participating in underworld organizations and committing fraud and extortion.

　　14. Liu Hao, male, Han nationality, was born on September 2, 1989. His domicile is No.100, Group 8, Dayang Village, tinghu district, Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province, and his ID number is 320902198909020015. He is suspected of participating in underworld organizations and committing crimes of fraud and provocation.

　　15. Wang Guobin, male, Han nationality, born on April 8, 1985, is about 170 cm tall and fat. His domicile is No.39, Beichang Village, Dabeichang Village Committee, Jinshan Town, Lufeng County, Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and his ID number is 532331198504081215. He is suspected of participating in underworld organizations and committing crimes such as gathering people to disturb public order and gathering people to fight.

　　16. Yang Delong, male, Han nationality, born on April 9, 1959, is about 170 cm tall. His domicile is Group 26, Third Committee of Baota Street, Nong ‘an Town, Nong ‘an County, Jilin Province, and his ID number is 22012219590409073X. He is suspected of participating in underworld organizations and committing crimes such as illegal detention and intentional injury.

　　17. Yong Yang, male, Han nationality, born on October 18, 1984, is about 170 cm tall, and his domicile is No.13-1, Group 41, Yuantuojiao Village, Yinyang Town, Qidong City, Jiangsu Province, with the ID number of 320681198410184431. He is suspected of participating in evil gangs and committing crimes such as provoking troubles and destroying other people’s property.

　　18. Qu Xiangyang, male, Han nationality, born on September 20, 1994, is about 170 cm tall and of medium stature. He has an accent in lianghe county, Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and his household registration address is Longying Group 8, Longying Village, Song Township, lianghe county, Dehong Prefecture, Yunnan Province. His ID number is 533122199409201213, and he is suspected of joining evil gangs and participating in the implementation of troublemaking.

　　19. Chen Lei, formerly known as Chen Yong, male, Han nationality, born on February 14, 1985, with an accent in Tengzhou City, Shandong Province, and his household registration address is No.1358, Guanqiao Village, guanqiao, Tengzhou City, Shandong Province. His ID number is 370481198502146035, and he is suspected of illegally manufacturing explosives.

　　20. Liu Wanli, male, Han nationality, born on March 4, 1975, registered at No.35, Maqu Formation, Yangwan Village, Yima Town, Qingcheng County, Gansu Province, with ID number of 622821197503042515, is suspected of murder with a gun.

　　21. Hui Xiaojun, male, Han nationality, born on May 2, 1977, registered in Houxi Group, Huifeng Village, Guandi Town, Linwei District, Weinan City, Shaanxi Province, with ID number of 612101197705028433, suspected of kidnapping and murder.

　　22. Wei Liu, male, Han nationality, born on December 13th, 1983, registered at No.152, Liumin Group, Liumin Neighborhood Committee, Baixiang Town, Yueyang County, Hunan Province, with ID number of 430621198312135010, is suspected of intentional homicide.

　　23. Zhuang Guangmeng, male, Han nationality, born on June 26, 2001, registered in Changzao Village, Baoluo Town, Wenchang City, Hainan Province, with ID number of 46000520010626413X, suspected of intentional homicide.

　　24. Tian Fengxu, male, Han nationality, born on October 10, 1968, registered at No.062, Fourth Society, Wulidun Village, Xiamaguan Town, Tongxin County, wuzhong City, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, with ID number of 6421271968101692, suspected of intentional homicide.

　　25. Liu Xianrong, male, Han nationality, born on December 19, 1966, registered at No.11, Tuanshan Group 1, Baishu Village, Eshan Town, Fanchang County, Wuhu City, Anhui Province, with ID number of 34022219661219231X, suspected of intentional homicide.

　　26. Xu Shicheng, male, Han nationality, born on September 5, 1967, is about 175 cm tall. His domicile is No.80, No.11 Hutong, Zhonghuan Road, Liubian Village, Sun Shi Town, Wen ‘an County, Hebei Province. His ID number is 132828196709050610, and he is suspected of intentional homicide.

　　27. Xia Dongming, male, Han nationality, born on December 5, 1972, registered at No.54, Group 2, Dunao Village, Yunlong Town, Yinzhou District, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province, with ID number of 330227197212054254, suspected of intentional homicide.

　　28. Bu Jiawen, male, Han nationality, born on May 17, 1970, registered at No.022, Aishe Team, Datong Village, Shuangwang Town, Bobai County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, ID number: 452528700517749, suspected of intentional homicide.

　　29. Liu Fulang, male, Han nationality, born on October 5, 1973, registered in Dangling, Jinkeng Village, Meilin Town, Wuhua County, Guangdong Province, with ID number of 44142419731005814, is suspected of intentional injury and death.

　　30. Zeng Yuhong, male, Han nationality, born on December 15th, 1984, registered at No.268 Xinmin Village, Qingcheng Town, Yuzhong County, Gansu Province, with ID number of 620123198412150016, is suspected of intentional injury and death.

　　31. Liang Liyi, nicknamed "Niu Shi", male, Han nationality, born on June 5, 1977, registered at No.1-1, Team 5, Shalu Village Committee, Xinxu Town, ling shan, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with the ID number of 45072119706050954, is suspected of intentional injury and death.

　　32. Li Chunxi, male, Han nationality, born on April 16, 1969, registered in Group 11, Tiantou Village, Nanqiang Town, Linwu County, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province, with ID number of 432827196904162014, is suspected of intentional injury and death.

　　33. Hu Zegui, male, Han nationality, born on November 21, 1954, is about 160 cm tall. His domicile is No.31, Group 2, Fuxingting Village, Baotai Township, Langzhong City, Sichuan Province. His ID number is 512930195411215754, and he is suspected of intentional injury and death.

　　34. Zhang Yuanzao, male, Han nationality, born on October 18, 1972, is about 165 cm tall, of medium build, registered in Qianzhuang Village, Baishuiyang Town, Linhai City, Zhejiang Province, and his ID number is 33262197210182477, which is suspected of intentional injury and death.

　　35. Park Songbo, male, Korean, born on May 1, 1967, registered at Group 9, Xinying Committee, Xinzhan Street, Dongchang District, Tonghua City, Jilin Province, with ID number of 220502196705010830, suspected of intentional injury and death.

　　36. Zhao Biao, male, Han nationality, born on October 15th, 1969, registered in Xiao jiang kou xiang, Xupu County, Hunan Province, is suspected of raping a young girl (the original ID card has expired, but no new one has been issued).

　　37. Sunny Li, male, Han nationality, born on September 20, 1983, registered at No.302, Building 17, Guangda Industrial City, Liusha North Street, Puning City, Jieyang City, Guangdong Province, with ID number of 445281198309207096, suspected of major fraud.

　　38. Du Chunsheng, male, Han nationality, born on February 14th, 1967, registered at Room 821, Group 27, Xiaopan Village, Dapan Town, Tiexi District, Shenyang City, Liaoning Province, with the ID number of 210114196702142119, is suspected of major fraud.

　　39. Zhang Yufen, female, Han nationality, born on July 26, 1972, registered at 42-8 West Street, Chengguan Town, Huaibin County, Xinyang City, Henan Province, with ID number of 411527197207269020, suspected of major fraud.

　　40. Si Fuzhao, male, Han nationality, born on December 26th, 1980, registered at No.56, Xingfu Road, heshun county, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, with ID number of 140723198012260070, is suspected of major fraud.

　　41. Jia Qiuying, female, Han nationality, born on December 4, 1973, is about 155 cm tall. Her domicile is No.302, Unit 1, Building 14, Wanglv Living Area, Wangcun Town, zhoucun district, Zibo City, Shandong Province. Her ID number is 370721197312041828, and she is suspected of major fraud.

　　42. Geng Yidong, male, Han nationality, born on July 10, 1970, is about 172 cm tall. His domicile is Room 402, Unit 1, Building 9, Luzhou East Road, Jizhou District, Ji ‘an City, Jiangxi Province. His ID number is 362401197007101511, and he is suspected of major fraud.

　　43. Zeng Jiajia, female, Han nationality, was born on July 25th, 1983. Her domicile is No.2, Zengcuo Road, Linbang Village, Tieshan Town, xinluo district, Longyan City, Fujian Province, and her ID number is 350802198307256549. She is suspected of committing telecommunication network fraud for many times.

　　44. Li Xuexiang, female, Zhuang nationality, born on January 20, 1988, is about 158 cm tall and of medium build. Her household registration address is No.98-1, Second Team of Qianjiang Overseas Chinese Farm, Qianjiang Town, Xingbin District, Laibin City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and her ID number is 45226198801203665. She is suspected of committing telecommunication network fraud for many times.

　　45. Xie Lijing, female, Han nationality, born on January 23, 1987, registered at No.21 Heping Street, Ningchang Town, Wuxi County, Chongqing, with ID number of 500238198701231683, is suspected of committing telecommunication network fraud for many times.

　　46. Bai Hongkun, male, Han nationality, born on June 29, 1988, is about 172 cm tall. His domicile is No.9 Qishi, Fenglou Village, Yacheng Town, Xiapu County, Ningde City, Fujian Province, and his ID number is 35225198806291019. He is suspected of committing telecommunication network fraud for many times.

　　47. Chen Guanliang, male, Han nationality, born on March 23, 1989, registered at No.7, Group 2, Zhaoliqiao Village, Zhaoliqiao Town, chibi city City, Hubei Province, with ID number of 421281198903232932, is suspected of committing telecommunication network fraud for many times.

　　48. Lin Shoupeng, male, Han nationality, born on November 16, 1982, registered at No.2 Chencuo Lane, Dongmen, Haimen Town, Chaoyang District, Shantou City, Guangdong Province, with the ID number of 440582198211160718, is suspected of committing telecommunication network fraud for many times.

　　49. Wang Gang, male, Han nationality, born on March 18, 1968, registered at No.214, Unit 2, 10th floor, No.6 Crouching Tiger Bridge, Haidian District, Beijing, with ID number of 110108196803182215, is suspected of illegally absorbing public deposits.

　　50. Yang Junming, male, Han nationality, born on October 31, 1962, registered at No.101, Unit 3, Building 9, Zhouzhuang Shanshui Wenyuan, Chaoyang District, Beijing, with ID number of 142623196210312318, is suspected of selling cultural relics.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, January 10 (Lang Lang) At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, various ministries and commissions held annual work meetings one after another to sum up the work of the past year and clarify the priorities of the work in the New Year, and a series of policies and measures of social concern were released in a centralized manner. For example, improving people’s medical experience, speeding up "express delivery to the countryside", promoting garbage sorting, and accelerating the coverage of 5G networks will be implemented in the New Year.

　　Data Map: In the emergency department of Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, parents take their children to wait for treatment. Photo by Yang Di

　　See a doctor

　　— — Improve people’s medical experience and create an environment of respecting doctors and paying attention to health

　　Problems such as expensive medical treatment, difficult medical treatment, and doctor-patient relationship have always been hot topics of public opinion. Recently, the 2020 National Health Work Conference was held, and these issues were all deployed in the New Year work plan.

　　The meeting mentioned that we should further optimize the allocation of medical resources, solidly promote the pilot work of centralized procurement and use of drugs in the country, better serve the people for medical treatment, strictly regulate medical behavior, and continuously improve the people’s medical experience. Strictly supervise the industry style and seriously investigate and deal with acts that harm the interests of the masses.

　　The meeting also called for strict control of security risks and strengthening the security and prevention capabilities of medical institutions. Further strengthen the special rectification of key areas and key links such as pharmaceutical consumables and medical service order, and persevere in rectifying discipline and fighting corruption. Carry forward the lofty professionalism of the new era and vigorously create a good atmosphere of respecting doctors and attaching importance to health.

　　Data Map: Students are happily holding gifts. China News Service reporter Yujia Zhai photo

　　poverty alleviation

　　— — Preventing the poverty-stricken population from returning to poverty and resolutely grasping the bottom of poverty alleviation.

　　2020 is the year when the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way is realized, and it is also the year when poverty alleviation ends. Not long ago, the National Poverty Alleviation and Development Work Conference called for "completing the task of poverty alleviation for the remaining poor people and poverty-stricken counties, listing and supervising the war in deep poverty-stricken areas" and "establishing and improving the monitoring, early warning and dynamic assistance mechanism for returning to poverty to prevent the poverty-stricken people from returning to poverty and preventing the marginal population from causing poverty".

　　In the national civil affairs work conference, special emphasis was placed on poverty alleviation. The meeting called for a comprehensive investigation of the implementation of the bottom-up security policy, and all eligible poverty-stricken people who have set up files and established cards should be included in the bottom-up security coverage of social assistance such as rural subsistence allowances, so as to ensure that they should be guaranteed and rescued, and resolutely seize the bottom of poverty alleviation.

　　In addition, for special groups such as destitute people, abandoned children, and children who are actually left unattended, we will fully implement relevant parenting and security service policies to ensure that they should be fully supported. For the disabled and severely disabled with difficulties in life, we should fully implement the two subsidy policies so as to make up for them. For the left-behind children, women and the elderly in rural areas, we will fully implement the care service policy and ensure that we should do our best to help them.

　　Data Map: The staff is loading the express delivery into the car. Xinhua News Agency issued Yujia Zhai photo

　　Postal express

　　— — Speeding up the "Express Delivery to the Countryside" and Improving the Satisfaction of Express Delivery Service

　　With the development of Internet and transportation industry, express delivery has become an important part of people’s daily life. According to the data of the State Post Bureau, in 2019, the express delivery business in China reached 63 billion pieces, with 45 express parcels per capita.

　　The recently held 2020 National Conference on Postal Management predicted that the express delivery business volume in China will reach 74 billion pieces this year. The conference demanded that the satisfaction of postal and express delivery services should be continuously improved, and the management of express delivery packaging has achieved positive results, making positive contributions to the country’s stable employment.

　　At this meeting, Li Xiaopeng, Minister of Transportation, also called for promoting the construction of Pratt & Whitney Post, speeding up the project of "express delivery to the countryside", accelerating the development of new businesses such as cold chain and medicine, and letting the people share the fruits of the reform and development of the postal industry. He also mentioned that "quality and quantity are completed ‘ Slimming tape ’ The packaging ratio reaches 90%, and other industries have staged targets for pollution prevention and control. "

　　Data Map: A passenger plane took off from haikou meilan international airport. Photo by Hong Jianpeng

　　Civil aviation travel

　　— — Strengthen cabin safety responsibilities Improve the service level of on-board meals.

　　In 2020, when flying, people will have more choices and gain more new experiences.

　　The National Civil Aviation Work Conference held recently made arrangements for the key tasks in 2020, such as "paying close attention to the safety special rectification of airport clearance protection and apron operation order", "strengthening cabin safety responsibilities, strengthening the health management of personnel in key positions such as flight and air traffic control" and "formulating and improving the detailed rules for coordinating airport time allocation for all flights" and so on.

　　It is worth mentioning that the meeting specifically mentioned the need to "improve the service level of in-flight meals". According to Weibo, the official of the Consumer Service Center of the Civil Aviation Administration, Feng Zhenglin, director of the Civil Aviation Administration, also pointed out at this meeting that the quality of this service should be evaluated as an assessment to encourage the development of new varieties of meals to meet the needs of short-and medium-distance passengers.

　　Data map: Zhanghu high-speed train stopped at Wulanchabu station. Li longshe

　　railway transportation

　　— — This year, the new high-speed rail line will be put into operation for 2,000 kilometers.

　　The construction and development of high-speed rail provide more convenient choices for people to travel. In 2019, China Railway put into operation a new line of 8,489 kilometers, including 5,474 kilometers of high-speed rail; The operating mileage has reached more than 139,000 kilometers, including 35,000 kilometers of high-speed rail.

　　Not long ago, the China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. Work Conference proposed that one of the main goals of railway work in 2020 is to fully complete the railway investment tasks assigned by the state and ensure that more than 4,000 kilometers of new lines are put into operation, including 2,000 kilometers of high-speed rail.

　　For the new year’s work, the meeting called for adhering to the political red line and the professional bottom line, ensuring the safety of high-speed rail and passenger trains, and keeping railway safety stable.

　　Data map: Taxpayers collect portraits in Pinghu National Taxation Office. Photo by Fang Enhui

　　Reduce taxes and fees

　　— — Let taxpayers and payers have more sense of gain.

　　Tax reduction and fee reduction have always been the focus of social attention, and improving the sense of acquisition of taxpayers and payers has also become the focus of the tax department in the new year.

　　The recent national tax work conference mentioned that it is necessary to consolidate and expand the achievements of tax reduction and fee reduction with more solid measures and greater efforts, so that taxpayers and payers can have more sense of gain. Strictly adhere to the principle of organizing income, collect tax according to laws and regulations, actively cultivate tax sources, support the development and growth of private enterprises, resolutely not overcharge the red line of "excessive taxes and fees", and resolutely crack down on tax fraud in accordance with the law.

　　In addition, the meeting also stressed that it is necessary to comprehensively build a system of "good reviews and bad reviews" for government services, provide more convenient tax and fee services for enterprises and the masses, optimize invoice service methods, improve the efficiency of tax payment, increase the protection of rights and interests, and promote the tax business environment. More changes have been made.

　　Data Map: Two Guiyang citizens sorted and put garbage with the help of the staff. China News Service reporter He Junyi photo

　　living environment

　　— — 46 cities will basically build a domestic waste classification and treatment system.

　　The implementation of garbage classification in Shanghai once triggered a heated public debate. "What kind of garbage are you?" It has also become a joke that people ridicule. In the new year, more cities will implement this policy.

　　The recently held National Conference on Housing and Urban-Rural Construction proposed that in order to comprehensively promote the classification of municipal solid waste, 46 key cities should basically complete the classification and treatment system of municipal solid waste in 2020.

　　In addition, the meeting also proposed to fully promote the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas and ensure that all the 1.352 million dilapidated houses that need to be renovated to get rid of poverty will be completed in 2020. Strengthen the treatment of urban black and odorous water bodies, and ensure that more than 90% of black and odorous water bodies in urban built-up areas at prefecture level and above will be eliminated before the end of 2020.

　　Data map: 5G speed measuring China News Agency reporter Yin Liqin photo

　　online communication

　　— — By the end of 2020, all prefecture-level cities in China will cover 5G networks.

　　5G officially launched the nationwide promotion of commercialization and "port number transfer" … … In the past year, the changes in network communication have brought obvious convenience to people’s lives. What policy will be deployed in network communication this year?

　　The National Conference on Industry and Informatization held at the end of last year mentioned the key work deployment in 2020. The meeting proposed to steadily promote the construction of 5G networks and strive to achieve coverage of 5G networks in all prefecture-level cities nationwide by the end of 2020. Optimize and improve the quality of network supply, deepen universal telecommunications services, and focus on supporting deep network coverage in frontier and remote areas.

　　At the same time, the meeting requested that we continue to speed up and reduce fees on the Internet and implement accurate fee reduction in the field of poverty alleviation and disability assistance. Innovate the supervision of the telecommunications and Internet industries, do a good job in the comprehensive rectification of harassing calls, and do a good job in the quality of port number transfer services. Strengthen radio management. (End)

　　CCTV News:The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee made systematic arrangements for further comprehensive deepening of reform, and put forward a sound system and mechanism to promote high-quality economic development. How to accelerate new industrialization and shape new development momentum and new advantages?

　　The plenary session proposed to improve the system to promote the deep integration of the real economy and the digital economy, and establish an investment mechanism to maintain a reasonable proportion of manufacturing. Jin Zhuanglong said that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will focus on promoting new industrialization, developing new quality productivity and maintaining a reasonable proportion of manufacturing industry, and organically combine building a manufacturing power with the development of digital economy and industrial informatization. Transform and upgrade traditional industries, consolidate and upgrade advantageous industries, develop and expand emerging industries, lay out future industries in a forward-looking way, promote the high-quality development of the information and communication industry, and accelerate the construction of a modern industrial system with advanced manufacturing as the backbone.

　　Jin Zhuanglong, Party Secretary and Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that we should focus on the new generation of strategic industries such as information technology, artificial intelligence, aerospace, new energy, new materials, high-end equipment, biomedicine, quantum technology, etc., better fulfill our responsibilities of managing strategy, planning, policies and standards, strengthen industry guidance, strengthen enterprise services, and improve development policies and governance systems.

　　Jin Zhuanglong said that in 2023, China’s total industrial added value will reach 39.9 trillion yuan, accounting for 31.7% of GDP. In the next step, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will launch the "Artificial Intelligence+Manufacturing" campaign, and select key industries with good foundation and many scenarios to build 100 application scenarios and 1,000 benchmark enterprises.

　　Create an independent and controllable industrial chain supply chain

　　China has built a large-scale, comprehensive and competitive industrial system. However, at present, the adverse effects brought by changes in the external environment are increasing, and problems such as key core technologies being controlled by people and weak industrial base have not been fundamentally solved. How to improve the system of improving the toughness and safety level of industrial chain supply chain?

　　Jin Zhuanglong said that around the key industrial chains such as integrated circuits, industrial mother machines, medical equipment, instruments and meters, basic software, industrial software and advanced materials, the high-quality development actions of key industrial chains of manufacturing industry will be implemented. "One chain, one policy", focus on high-quality resources, and strive to build an independent and controllable industrial chain supply chain.

　　Jin Zhuanglong said that we must adhere to the bottom line thinking, enhance the sense of hardship, and improve the system and mechanism to strengthen the development of key industrial chains. Promote the integrated development of scientific and technological innovation and industrial innovation, promote the orderly transfer of industries in China, and firmly grasp the autonomy of development.

　　Do a good job in the implementation of major science and technology projects and key R&D plans, and build more national-level innovation platforms in the layout of enterprises. Build a high-level industrial science and technology innovation platform system, optimize the layout of national manufacturing innovation centers, and build a number of pilot verification platforms.

　　Guide the national high-tech zone to implement a new round of institutional mechanism reform and policies, develop high technology, realize industrialization and accelerate the formation of new quality productivity. Improve the development policy of science and technology service industry, cultivate the national integrated technology market and create an upgraded version of the "Torch" brand.

　　Strengthen helping enterprises and stimulate the emergence of more specialized and special new enterprises

　　Supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises is not only a long-term strategy of the country, but also an important responsibility of the government. Jin Zhuanglong said that the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will build a mechanism to promote the development and growth of specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises and promote the high-quality development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

　　China has cultivated more than 140,000 specialized and innovative small and medium-sized enterprises and 12,000 specialized and innovative "little giant" enterprises. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will pay equal attention to service and management, develop and help at the same time, build a mechanism to promote the development and growth of specialized and innovative SMEs, and promote the high-quality development of SMEs.

　　Jin Zhuanglong said that we should give play to the leading role of "Little Giant" enterprises, promote the cultivation of innovative small and medium-sized enterprises and technological small and medium-sized enterprises in coordination, improve the whole-cycle cultivation system of "seed selection, seedling raising and excellent cultivation", stimulate the emergence of more specialized and special new small and medium-sized enterprises, and strive to achieve full coverage of digital transformation of "Little Giant" enterprises by 2027.

　　Jin Zhuanglong said that it is necessary to support small and medium-sized enterprises to participate in strengthening the chain, cultivate characteristic industrial clusters of small and medium-sized enterprises by classification, and build a "network" for serving small and medium-sized enterprises nationwide. Give full play to the leverage of financial funds, support specialized and innovative "little giant" enterprises to create new kinetic energy, attack new technologies, develop new products, and strengthen the supporting capacity of the industrial chain. Give full play to the role of the national SME development fund, and drive social capital to invest early, invest small, and invest in specialty and innovation.

CCTV News:Satellite communication, because it has nothing to do with geographical environment and distance, is developing in the military and civilian fields all over the world. European and American countries started in the 1950s. When Sun Chenhua entered the 54th Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Corporation in 1986, China was still decades behind Europe and America in this project.

In the 32 years since he joined the work, Sun Chenhua has experienced the development process of China’s satellite communication from scratch and from weak to strong. She participated in it with a high sense of responsibility, presided over dozens of national and national defense key projects, and won 12 scientific and technological progress awards at or above the provincial and ministerial level (including 2 at the national level), ranking first in 7; In 2011, he was granted special government allowance by the State Council; In 2014, he was selected into the national 100 million talents project and was awarded the title of national young and middle-aged expert with outstanding contributions; He has won more than 10 honors at or above the municipal level, such as the National March 8th Red Flag Bearer, the Provincial May 1st Labor Medal, and the Provincial March 8th Red Flag Bearer. In 2017, he also won the Provincial Award for Outstanding Contribution to Scientific and Technological Innovation. She has trained the top domestic satellite communication team, and made outstanding contributions to the realization of China’s satellite communication from dependent introduction to independent research and development, accelerating the major transformation of China’s creation, promoting the deep integration of military and civilian satellite communication, and promoting the development of strategic emerging industries related to satellite communication between the country and Hebei Province. In 2018, she won the National May 1st Labor Medal.

Fight for 25 years to break the monopoly

When he came to the 54th Institute, Sun Chenhua first undertook the tasks of China’s first CDMA satellite communication system and the first tactical mobile satellite communication system. At that time, advanced technology was blocked by foreign monopoly. CDMA, which relies entirely on independent research and development, has experienced "eight years of anti-Japanese war", and the tactical mobile satellite communication system is even more difficult, with nearly 10 years of efforts before and after. When she was eight months pregnant, she stood up all night to solve the problems in the joint exam, returned to work three months after giving birth, and went on a business trip for more than 40 days when the child was less than one year old … … After more than ten years’ efforts, Sun Chenhua and her research group have broken through many key technologies and cultivated an independent research and development team of the "Professional Department".

She once said, "Many people don’t understand why I work so hard. Actually, it’s not that I don’t want to rest, it’s not that I don’t want to slow down, it’s because I can’t. Opening up a professional direction requires many people to make a lot of efforts, but losing a direction may be just an instant. "

Long-term experience accumulation has also laid the foundation for breaking foreign monopoly. In 2001, Sun Chenhua received a project from a military region and became the executive deputy chief engineer of the project to take charge of the overall work. This project involves a brand-new satellite communication system MF-TDMA. This is also Sun Chenhua’s first contact with TDMA. This technology has been monopolized by foreign countries for a long time, and users designated MF-TDMA system to be imported from foreign countries.

Sun Chenhua spent two months, consulted countless materials, thoroughly studied the relevant principles and data of this system, and completed the integrated application scheme. To be prudent, she asked the foreign company to give a plan. But she was keenly aware that the scheme they gave lacked a device, without which the system could not work normally. However, the foreign agent disagreed with her opinion.

"If you insist that there is no problem, then you have to sign a memorandum with us. If I am proved right later, you have to bear all the expenses of this equipment." Sun Chenhua said confidently.

Later experiments proved that Sun Chenhua was right. It was this "memorandum" that allowed foreign companies to give them 11 sets of equipment for free, each worth about 2,000 US dollars, with a total amount of nearly 200,000 yuan.

Six months after the introduction of equipment, foreign engineers came to the institute to communicate, which surprised him at the scene. "We have been developing this system for more than 20 years, and the system is particularly complicated. It is amazing that you used this system without training!"

In view of the accumulated experience in this project, in 2002, Sun Chenhua made repeated thoughts and made up his mind to develop our own TDMA communication system.

The road to project establishment is not smooth. The overall person in charge told her: "The country has long wanted to participate in this project, but it has been afraid to participate. ‘ Generation star ’ At the time of research and development, someone mentioned this system, but eventually gave up due to technical difficulties. " However, Sun Chenhua was overcome with difficulties. "Although it is difficult, this new system must be mastered in order to develop satellite communication." She organized a team to repeatedly study and demonstrate and repeatedly do technical simulation. Then, a man carrying a big laptop went to Beijing to report and ask for instructions. After three years of hard work, the project was finally successful.

"This project has been particularly hard." Sun Chenhua said that the technical difficulty is high and the development progress has been delayed for nearly one year. But in order to hand over the most perfect equipment, she resisted the pressure and tried again and again, striving for perfection. In 2011, this dual-mode satellite communication system, which she and her team have worked hard for nearly 10 years, won the second prize of the National Science and Technology Progress Award with outstanding innovations of more than a dozen invention patents and sales revenue of nearly 500 million yuan.

A "spiritual leader" who plans development with an eye to the future.

Over the years, the projects developed by Sun Chenhua have achieved fruitful results. 15. Eleventh Five-Year Plan, Twelfth Five-Year Plan and Thirteenth Five-Year Plan … … Sun Chenhua has been researching and developing in the field of satellite communication, and has built the first three-tier and three-sided operation management control system of satellite communication in China. Her multi-beam and large-span rate range networking solution has broken through dozens of key technologies and developed more than 100 kinds of high-tech products, which has reached the domestic leading and international advanced level in general.

Spatial information resources are important strategic resources of the country. The integrated information network between heaven and earth is a major infrastructure of the country. Standing at the height of national needs, China Electric Power Branch concentrated superior resources and set up the project team of "Integration of Heaven and Earth", in which Sun Chenhua is one of the deputy chief designers.

"The needs of the unit are the greatest affirmation for me." After receiving this task, Sun Chenhua went into battle with his team: sorting out and breaking through key technologies, sorting out basic conditions at home and abroad, and formulating the overall scheme of "space-based access network" and "ground-based node network" … … With a solid technical foundation and many years of engineering experience, Sun Chenhua played an important role in the major project of "integration of heaven and earth", became the "spiritual leader" in this field, and personally built the national meridians.

In order to bring the project to xiong’an new area and promote the subsequent commercial aerospace development in Hebei Province, she innovatively put forward internationally leading low-orbit access network schemes such as combination of width and narrowness, functional integration, inter-satellite interconnection and global seamless service, and presided over the development of the test system. Presided over the completion of the ground application network scheme covering 15 points across the country. It is estimated that after 2020, the industrial chain driven by the integrated information network of heaven and earth will produce an output value of more than 3 billion yuan every year.

"Her hard work is beyond your imagination."

Since August 2016, Sun Chenhua has led the professional department to apply for more than 30 pre-research projects, of which nearly 20 pre-research projects have been won. Every project report needs to be PPT, and she should read every PPT carefully. When she has time, she will do it herself, and it will be midnight, and it is common to work until one or two o’clock in the morning. Especially before the defense, Sun Chenhua will accompany everyone to revise all kinds of documents and strive for perfection, never letting go of every detail.

She is in charge of many things and often travels. Pre-research project application, bidding and so on, many things should be concentrated on the weekend to deal with. Han Ning, director of the general office of the professional department of Weitong, said that she had to be consulted for a lot of work. On weekends, everyone lined up one after another like a lantern, making her often busier than usual, working almost until eleven or twelve o’clock every night. Everyone sees her hard work, and it hurts in her heart.

She sometimes asks herself: whether you work hard or not, the result will be much worse. How to choose? Do you want to choose to bloom in a limited number of years, or do you want to be mediocre and happy? Because she often looks to the future, she is still afraid to relax today when she is over half a year old. "Scientific research is grinded out. In addition to a professional foundation, engaging in scientific research must have the determination to persist in scientific research for a lifetime." In the past 32 years, she has promoted the major transformation of satellite communication from dependence on introduction to creation in China, and will devote her whole life to achieving "China leading" in satellite communication.

National business daily News: Recently, the abnormal event of nucleic acid test results in Lanzhou, Gansu Province has aroused widespread concern. Subsequently, many online articles pointed the finger at Zhang He, the founder of Shenzhen Nuclear Gene Technology Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Shenzhen Nuclear Gene), the parent company of the involved company, and Zhang Shan, who served as the supervisor of several subsidiaries of Shenzhen Nuclear Gene.

In fact, the abnormal event of Lanzhou nucleic acid test results is not the first time that Shenzhen nuclear gene has problems. In January, 2021, Xingtai City, Hebei Province held a press conference on the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, and reported the false report of nucleic acid test results in Longyao County. The company involved was also indirectly 100% controlled by Shenzhen Nuclear Gene.

What is the situation of Shenzhen nuclear gene in the whirlpool of public opinion? On the afternoon of November 28th, national business daily reporter visited the headquarters office of Shenzhen Nuclear Gene in Nanshan Zhiyuan, Nanshan District, Shenzhen. The field staff refused the reporter’s interview on the grounds that the leader was absent. A property manager of the building told the reporter that the person in charge of the company basically came to the office every morning before leaving the company this morning.

Shenzhen Nuclear Gene Headquarters Image Source: Every reporter Chen Hao photo

Shenzhen Nuclear Gene was established in 2012. According to official website, the company has set up 64 subsidiaries and 50 laboratories nationwide. According to the incomplete statistics of the reporter of national business daily, the company has newly opened more than ten medical laboratory co., Ltd. in various parts of China this year, and these medical laboratory may mainly provide COVID-19 nucleic acid detection services for various places. The reporter noted that the company’s expansion process is inseparable from the form of joining in investment promotion.

Lanzhou Nuclear Huaxi Laboratory was notified.

Recently, an abnormal event occurred in Lanzhou, Gansu Province. On November 25, Lanzhou Health and Health Commission issued a notice saying that on the morning of November 24, 2022, when Qilihe District of Lanzhou organized the transfer of positive infected people according to the results of nucleic acid testing, it was found that the health codes of individual people to be transferred showed negative nucleic acid testing. In view of this situation, the Qilihe District Joint Defense Office immediately reported to the Municipal Joint Defense Office. The Municipal Joint Defense and Joint Control Leading Group attached great importance to it, invited quality control experts from the Provincial Clinical Laboratory Center to participate, and organized a joint investigation team from the urban health and public security departments to check the relevant situation.

According to the above notice, after on-the-spot verification, the basic situation of this incident is: Lanzhou Nuclear Huaxi Laboratory received the nucleic acid test samples, and according to the laboratory testing process, at 18: 00 on November 23, the information of people with abnormal test results was pushed to the Qilihe District Joint Defense Office, and the District Joint Defense Office informed the community at the first time to inform the relevant personnel to wait for transshipment. At 1 o’clock on November 24, the staff of Lanzhou Nuclear Huaxi Laboratory mistakenly entered the list information of individuals with abnormal nucleic acid detection into the negative personnel information package and uploaded it to the work system, so that the health code of individual persons to be transported showed that the nucleic acid detection was negative.

"The occurrence of this incident has interfered with the normal production and life of the masses and the prevention and control of the epidemic, exposing that Lanzhou Nuclear Huaxi Laboratory is not strict with the management of staff and the audit is not in place. We will seriously deal with Lanzhou Nuclear Huaying Laboratory in accordance with relevant laws and regulations. " The notice said.

"Briefing" Image source: Lanzhou Health and Health Commission official website

Enterprise investigation shows that Lanzhou Nuclear Huaxi Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Lanzhou Nuclear Huaxi) was established on August 8, 2022 with a registered capital of 10 million yuan, with Cui Lian as the legal representative and Zhang Shan as the supervisor. Lanzhou Nuclear Huaxi is 100% owned by Shenzhen Nuclear Gene. Shenzhen Nuclear Gene official website shows that the company provides professional genetic testing and research services for major scientific research institutions, hospitals and research institutions in China, covering privacy identification, health management, medical examination and scientific research services.

Lanzhou Nuclear Huaying Industrial and Commercial Information Image Source: Enterprise Check Webpage Screenshot

In fact, the abnormal event of Lanzhou nucleic acid test results is not the first time that Shenzhen nuclear gene has problems. On April 14th, 2020, Jinan Huaxi Medical Inspection Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Jinan Huaxi) was warned and fined by Jinan Municipal Health and Health Commission for failing to put infectious medical wastes in special packaging. In January, 2021, Xingtai City, Hebei Province held a press conference on the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic, and reported that the nucleic acid test results in Longyao County were falsely reported. The company involved was Jinan Huaxi. Jinan Huaxi is also indirectly 100% owned by Shenzhen Nuclear Gene.

According to the official report, Longyan County entrusted Jinan Huaxi Medical Laboratory, a subsidiary of Jinan Huaxi, with the second round of all-staff nucleic acid testing. Zhai Moumou, an employee of the company, reported to the health department of Longyao County that all the results were negative when the samples were not tested and the number and results of the tests were unknown, and then reported that there were positive samples. The laboratory was suspended from Covid-19’s nucleic acid detection business, and Zhai was also criminally detained by the police on suspicion of endangering public security by dangerous means.

Recently, many online articles have pointed the finger at the founder of Shenzhen Nuclear Gene, Zhang He, and Zhang Shan, who is a supervisor of several subsidiaries of Shenzhen Nuclear Gene. The company was caught in the whirlpool of public opinion for a time.

The reporter visited Shenzhen Nuclear Gene Headquarters on the spot.

What is the latest situation of Shenzhen nuclear gene in the whirlpool of public opinion? On the afternoon of November 28th, national business daily reporter visited the headquarters office of Shenzhen Nuclear Gene in Nanshan Zhiyuan, Nanshan District, Shenzhen.

In the office where the registered address of the company is located, the front desk wall is engraved with "Shenzhen Nuclear Huaxi Medical Laboratory" (hereinafter referred to as Shenzhen Nuclear Huaxi). Enterprise investigation shows that Shenzhen Nuclear Huaxi was established in July 2015 and is also 100% controlled by Shenzhen Nuclear Gene. The poster on the wall introduces that in February, 2020, Shenzhen Nuclear Huaxi became one of the first batch of third-party COVID-19 nucleic acid testing institutions approved by Shenzhen Health and Health Commission, and the other approved third-party COVID-19 nucleic acid testing institution was Shenzhen Huada Testing Center.

Image source: Every reporter Chen Hao photo

The reporter noticed that the company’s publicity column said that "the number of people tested nationwide has exceeded 700 million, and the sample detection has zero error".

In the office, the company staff are still working normally, and people come in and out from time to time, and some staff members pull boxes of protective articles such as isolation gown to the open space in the office. After the reporter indicated the interview demand, two front desk staff refused the interview on the grounds that "the leader is not in the company today and no one is receiving him". The above-mentioned staff also said, "I don’t know when the leaders will come back. They do have various things outside, including epidemics all over the country, and there are many things to be busy."

A property manager of the office building told reporters that the person in charge of Shenzhen Nuclear Gene usually comes to the office at around 10: 00 every morning. He also met the person in charge of the company this morning, but the person in charge left the office this morning. In another company office in the park, the reporter failed to enter, and the company asked the security guard to take a message and refused to be interviewed.

Who is the founder of the company, Zhang Hezhen? On the CCTV talk show titled "Beyond" in March, 2018, Zhang Hezhen introduced the origin of his own name. His father was a middle school teacher of science and engineering, and named Zhang’s three brothers nuclear, electronic and atomic respectively.

An article on the wechat WeChat official account of "Nuclear Gene Group" described in detail the development track of Zhang He and the company: In 1990, Zhang He was admitted to China Medical University to study DNA identification. After graduation, he came to work in shenzhen public by introducing high-tech talents and organized the earliest DNA identification center in China. Later, Zhang Hezhen left the Public Security Bureau to start his own business. In 2000, he established Shenzhen Hongshi Villa Decoration Company (now known as Shenzhen Hongshi Decoration Engineering Co., Ltd.), and then withdrew from the list of shareholders in 2018. Zhang Hezhen also entered the field of real estate consulting and brokerage, and jointly founded Shenzhen Hongshi Real Estate Consulting Co., Ltd. with Ba Ying, but the company has been cancelled.

In 2012, Zhang He founded Shenzhen Nuclear Gene. Enterprise investigation shows that the top two shareholders of the company, Zhang He and Ba Ying, hold 64.7351% and 12.1378% respectively. The registered capital of the company is 37.07 million yuan, 62 companies have been invested abroad, and 55 companies are in existence and in business. In 2013, Shenzhen Nuclear Gene established Guangdong Huaxi Forensic Material Evidence Judicial Appraisal Institute in Shenzhen and established a research institute in Shenyang. Zhang Hezhen has 30 affiliated enterprises and served as the legal representative of 22 of them.

Recruiting nucleic acid samplers in Hohhot can cost more than 10,000 yuan a month.

According to many media reports, after 2013, Shenzhen Nuclear Gene expanded at the rate of setting up three or four inspection laboratories and forensic laboratories every year.

In an article published by WeChat official account, the wechat of Nuclear Gene Group, I wrote: "In order to make genetic technology enter the life of every ordinary person from the unreachable peak of science and technology, people can enjoy efficient, accurate and scientific genetic testing services near their homes, and finally realize that genetic testing is as popular and convenient as physical examination. In 2016, Nuclear Gene launched the’ Hundred Brands and Ten Stores’ program in the genetic industry."

According to the introduction of Shenzhen Nuclear Gene, the so-called "100-brand" means that 100 laboratories have been laid out nationwide and obtained national licenses; "Wandian" means that there are 10,000 "nuclear gene health centers" in China.

In official website of Shenzhen Nuclear Gene, the words "Gene has come, and Nuclear invites you to join the gene industry" are very striking. Click on the column of "Investment Center" of WeChat official account, a nuclear gene group, and it says "Join the genetic testing, unlimited money". The key words below are also very straightforward: "No joining fee, zero foundation and key state support".

In the program "Beyond", Zhang Hezhen talked about the concept of "gene hut", which was used to popularize genetic knowledge and provide services, and said that more than 500 houses had been opened at that time, with the goal of opening 10,000 houses. In the investment promotion page, joining a gene hut only needs a 10㎡ storefront and 1-2 operators. After being trained by nuclear genes, they can engage in health management consultation, DNA paternity and genetic testing sampling and consultation.

Shenzhen Nuclear Gene held a large number of promotion activities in the rapid development stage of agents. Official website, the company, shows that it regularly holds a promotion meeting every month in 17 major first-and second-tier cities, with Zhang Hezhen giving a lecture on profit model, marketing channels and case analysis. However, the above-mentioned joining information was mainly released before 2019, which was not related to COVID-19 testing business.

Shenzhen Nuclear Gene claims that the company has obtained 29 medical and judicial licenses approved by the state, and has more than 300 cutting-edge technology and management staff including nearly 200 doctors, masters and returned students. It has 29 independent laboratory platforms, including 19 forensic laboratories and 10 medical laboratory.

According to the reporter’s incomplete statistics, since 2022, Shenzhen Nuclear Gene has opened more than ten subsidiaries named after "Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd.", including Quanzhou Nuclear Huaxi Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Beijing Nuclear Huaxi Future Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Xiamen Nuclear Huaxi Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd., Yinchuan Nuclear Huaxi Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd. and so on. These medical laboratories may mainly provide COVID-19 nucleic acid detection services for various places.

On a recruitment APP, the reporter searched for the keyword "Nuclear Huaying", showing that there are 10 recruitment entities, and the publisher is "Shenzhen Nuclear Gene Technology Co., Ltd." and its subsidiaries, with a total number of positions exceeding 300. Among them, Shenzhen Nuclear Huaxi Medical Laboratory Co., Ltd. has released more than 200 posts, involving first-line posts such as nucleic acid sampler, laboratory inspector and freight driver, as well as system posts such as quality inspection, data and salary, and even Tik Tok anchor, whose working locations involve more than ten first-and second-tier cities such as Shenzhen, Shanghai, Shenyang and Nanchang.

A recruitment information in Hohhot shows that the monthly salary of the sampler ranges from 8,000 yuan to 13,000 yuan, and he is responsible for specific work such as nasopharyngeal swab collection and venous blood drawing. He is required to have a college degree or above and hold a nurse qualification certificate.

Image source: screenshot of recruitment APP

In another labor dispatch recruitment released by Beijing Century Yingcai Human Resources Consulting Co., Ltd., the words "800 nurses of nucleic acid sampling doctors will be married in 600 days" and "eat and control, and pay three days later" were written, but other than that, no qualifications and requirements were stated. The work place was located in Daxing District, Beijing, and the client company was Beijing Nuclear Huaxi Medical Inspection Laboratory Co., Ltd.

Original title: Shenzhen nuclear gene with repeated problems in nucleic acid detection: Sampling staff are recruited in many places across the country, and the monthly salary in third-tier cities can exceed 10,000.

Editor: Huang Ling

Editor: Gong Xiaoran

Audit: Feng Fei

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, May 31st

Notice of the State Council Municipality on Printing and Distributing the Action Plan for Soil Pollution Prevention and Control

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

　　The Action Plan for Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution is hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement it carefully.

The State Council, People’s Republic of China (PRC)

May 28th, 2016　　　

　　Action plan for soil pollution prevention and control

　　Soil is the material basis of sustainable economic and social development, which is related to people’s health and the construction of beautiful China. Protecting soil environment is an important content to promote the construction of ecological civilization and safeguard national ecological security. At present, the overall situation of soil environment in China is worrying, and some areas are seriously polluted, which has become one of the outstanding shortcomings of building a well-off society in an all-round way. This action plan is formulated to effectively strengthen the prevention and control of soil pollution and gradually improve the quality of soil environment.

　　General requirements: fully implement the spirit of the 18th CPC National Congress and the 3rd, 4th and 5th Plenary Sessions of the 18th CPC Central Committee, firmly establish the new development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing in accordance with the overall layout of "Five in One" and the strategic layout of "Four in All", conscientiously implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, base on China’s national conditions and development stages, focus on the overall situation of economic and social development, and take improving the quality of soil environment as the core. Taking ensuring the quality of agricultural products and the safety of human settlements as the starting point, we should adhere to prevention first, protection first, risk control, highlight key areas, industries and pollutants, implement classification, separate use and phased treatment, strictly control new pollution, gradually reduce the stock, form a soil pollution prevention and control system with government-led, corporate responsibility, public participation and social supervision, promote the sustainable utilization of soil resources, and build a "blue sky is always there, green mountains are always there".

　　Work objective: By 2020, the increasing trend of soil pollution in China will be initially curbed, the overall quality of soil environment will remain stable, the soil environmental safety of agricultural land and construction land will be basically guaranteed, and the soil environmental risks will be basically controlled. By 2030, the quality of soil environment in China will be stable and good, the soil environmental safety of agricultural land and construction land will be effectively guaranteed, and the soil environmental risks will be fully controlled. By the middle of this century, the quality of soil environment has been improved in an all-round way, and the ecosystem has achieved a virtuous circle.

　　Main indicators: By 2020, the safe utilization rate of polluted farmland will reach about 90%, and the safe utilization rate of polluted land will reach over 90%. By 2030, the safe utilization rate of polluted farmland will reach more than 95%, and the safe utilization rate of polluted land will reach more than 95%.

　　First, carry out soil pollution investigation and master the quality of soil environment.

　　(a) in-depth investigation of soil environmental quality. On the basis of existing relevant investigations, focusing on agricultural land and land used by enterprises in key industries, carry out a detailed investigation of soil pollution, and find out the area and distribution of soil pollution in agricultural land and its impact on the quality of agricultural products before the end of 2018; By the end of 2020, master the distribution of contaminated land and its environmental risks in key industries and enterprises. Formulate the overall plan and technical regulations for detailed investigation, and carry out technical guidance, supervision and inspection and results audit. Establish a regular survey system of soil environmental quality, which will be carried out once every 10 years. (The Ministry of Environmental Protection takes the lead, with the participation of the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture and the National Health and Family Planning Commission, and the local people’s governments at all levels are responsible for the implementation. The following must be implemented by local people’s governments at all levels, and are no longer listed)

　　(two) the construction of soil environmental quality monitoring network. Unified planning, integration and optimization of soil environmental quality monitoring points, before the end of 2017, complete the setting of national soil environmental quality monitoring points, build a national soil environmental quality monitoring network, give full play to the role of industry monitoring network, and basically form soil environmental monitoring capabilities. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) carry out at least 1 training for soil environmental monitoring technicians every year. According to the needs of the work, all localities can set up additional monitoring points, increase the monitoring items of characteristic pollutants and increase the monitoring frequency. By the end of 2020, all counties (cities, districts) will be fully covered by soil environmental quality monitoring points. (Led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, with the participation of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture)

　　(3) Improve the level of information management of soil environment. Using the relevant data of environmental protection, land resources, agriculture and other departments, we will establish a basic database of soil environment and build a national information management platform for soil environment, and strive to complete it before the end of 2018. With the help of mobile Internet, Internet of Things and other technologies, we will broaden the channels of data acquisition and realize dynamic data update. Strengthen data sharing, compile a resource sharing catalogue, clarify the rights and methods of sharing, and play the role of soil environment big data in pollution prevention, urban and rural planning, land use and agricultural production. (Led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, with the participation of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture, the National Health and Family Planning Commission and the State Forestry Administration)

　　Two, promote the prevention and control of soil pollution legislation, establish and improve the system of laws and regulations.

　　(4) Accelerate the legislative process. Cooperate to complete the drafting of soil pollution prevention and control law. Timely revision of pollution prevention, urban and rural planning, land management, quality and safety of agricultural products related laws and regulations, increase the content of soil pollution prevention and control. Before the end of 2016, the revision of pesticide management regulations will be completed, and the measures for the management of soil environment of polluted plots and agricultural land will be issued. Before the end of 2017, departmental regulations such as pesticide packaging waste recycling, soil environmental management of industrial and mining land, and waste agricultural film recycling will be issued. By 2020, the system of laws and regulations for the prevention and control of soil pollution will be basically established. All localities can study and formulate local laws and regulations for the prevention and control of soil pollution in light of actual conditions. (The Legislative Affairs Office of the State Council and the Ministry of Environmental Protection take the lead, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture and the State Forestry Administration participate)

　　(5) System construction standard system. Improve the relevant standards and technical specifications for soil pollution prevention and control. Before the end of 2017, release the soil environmental quality standards for agricultural land and construction land; Complete the preparation and revision of technical specifications for soil environmental monitoring, investigation and evaluation, risk management and control, treatment and restoration, and technical guidelines for environmental impact assessment; Revise the limits of toxic and harmful substances in fertilizer, feed and irrigation water and the standards for controlling pollutants in agricultural sludge, and further tighten the requirements for controlling pollutants; Revise the agricultural film standard, improve the thickness requirement, and study and formulate the degradable agricultural film standard; Revise pesticide packaging standards and increase requirements for preventing pesticide packaging waste from polluting soil. Revise pollutant discharge standards in a timely manner, and further clarify the requirements for special pollutant discharge limits. Improve the analysis and testing methods of pollutants in soil and develop soil environmental standard samples. Local soil environmental quality standards that are stricter than the national standards can be formulated by all localities. (Led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, with the participation of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Water Resources, the Ministry of Agriculture, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine and the State Forestry Administration)

　　(6) Comprehensively strengthen supervision and law enforcement. Clear regulatory focus. Focus on monitoring heavy metals such as cadmium, mercury, arsenic, lead, chromium and organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum hydrocarbons in soil, and focus on monitoring non-ferrous metal mining, non-ferrous metal smelting, petroleum exploitation, petroleum processing, chemical industry, coking, electroplating, tanning and other industries, as well as major grain (oil) producing counties and built-up areas of cities above prefecture level. (Led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, with the participation of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development and the Ministry of Agriculture)

　　Strengthen law enforcement. Take the prevention and control of soil pollution as an important part of environmental law enforcement, make full use of the environmental supervision grid, and strengthen the daily supervision and law enforcement of soil environment. Severely crack down on environmental violations such as illegal discharge of toxic and harmful pollutants, illegal storage of hazardous chemicals, illegal disposal of hazardous waste, abnormal use of pollution control facilities, and falsification of monitoring data. Carry out special environmental law enforcement for enterprises in key industries, and supervise and supervise enterprises that seriously pollute the soil environment and are strongly reflected by the masses. Improve the environmental law enforcement conditions at the grass-roots level and equip them with necessary law enforcement equipment such as rapid detection of soil pollution. Carry out one round of professional technical training on soil pollution prevention and control for national environmental law enforcement personnel every three years. Improve the emergency response capability of environmental emergencies, improve the emergency plans for environmental pollution incidents at all levels, and strengthen the construction of environmental emergency management, technical support, and disposal and rescue capabilities. (Led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection, with the participation of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development, the Ministry of Agriculture, the State Administration of Work Safety and the State Forestry Administration)

　　Three, the implementation of agricultural land classification management, to ensure the safety of agricultural production environment

　　(seven) the classification of soil environmental quality of agricultural land. According to the degree of pollution, agricultural land is classified into three categories, those that are unpolluted and slightly polluted are classified as priority protection categories, those that are lightly and moderately polluted are classified as safe utilization categories, and those that are heavily polluted are classified as strict control categories. Focusing on cultivated land, corresponding management measures are taken respectively to ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products. Before the end of 2017, the technical guidelines for the classification of soil environmental quality of agricultural land will be issued. Based on the detailed investigation results of soil pollution, we will carry out collaborative monitoring and evaluation of cultivated land soil and agricultural products, promote the classification of cultivated land soil environmental quality in an orderly manner on the basis of pilot projects, and gradually establish a classification list, which will be completed by the end of 2020. Delineation results are examined and approved by provincial people’s governments, and data are uploaded to the national soil environment information management platform. According to the change of land use and the change of soil environmental quality, the information of cultivated land area and distribution of various categories is updated regularly. Conditional areas should gradually carry out the classification of soil environmental quality of other agricultural land such as woodland, grassland and garden. (Led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Agriculture, with the participation of the Ministry of Land and Resources and the State Forestry Administration)

　　(8) Effectively strengthen protection. All localities should classify qualified priority protected cultivated land as permanent basic farmland, and implement strict protection to ensure that its area does not decrease and the quality of soil environment does not decline. Except for the location of key construction projects stipulated by law, it is really unavoidable, no other construction shall be occupied. Large grain-producing (oil-producing) counties should formulate soil environmental protection plans. High-standard farmland construction projects are inclined to areas where priority protection farmland is concentrated. Measures such as returning straw to the field, increasing the application of organic fertilizer, less tillage and no tillage, rotation of grain and beans, reduction and recycling of agricultural film, etc. Continue to carry out pilot projects for the protection and utilization of black land. The transferee of rural land transfer should fulfill the responsibility of soil protection and avoid the degradation of soil environmental quality caused by predatory agricultural production methods such as excessive fertilization and abuse of pesticides. The people’s governments at the provincial level should give early warning to the counties (cities, districts) where the area of priority protected cultivated land is reduced or the quality of soil environment is declining within their respective administrative areas, and take restrictive measures such as limiting the approval of environmental impact assessment according to law. (Led by the Ministry of Land and Resources and the Ministry of Agriculture, with the participation of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the Ministry of Water Resources)

　　Prevent and control enterprise pollution. Strictly control the construction of new enterprises in industries such as non-ferrous metal smelting, petroleum processing, chemical industry, coking, electroplating, tanning, etc. in areas where priority protected cultivated land is concentrated, and the existing enterprises in related industries should adopt new technologies and new processes to accelerate the pace of upgrading and upgrading. (Led by the Ministry of Environmental Protection and the National Development and Reform Commission, with the participation of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology)

　　(nine) efforts to promote the safe use. According to the situation of soil pollution and agricultural products exceeding the standard, counties (cities, districts) with concentrated safe use of cultivated land should formulate and implement the safe use plan of contaminated cultivated land in combination with local main crop varieties and planting habits, and take measures such as agronomic regulation and alternative planting to reduce the risk of agricultural products exceeding the standard. Strengthen the quality inspection of agricultural products. Strengthen technical guidance and training for farmers and farmers’ cooperatives. Before the end of 2017, a technical guide for the safe use of contaminated cultivated land will be issued. By 2020, the area of lightly and moderately polluted cultivated land will reach 40 million mu. (The Ministry of Agriculture takes the lead and the Ministry of Land and Resources participates)

　　(10) Fully implement strict control. Strengthen the management of the use of cultivated land under strict control, demarcate areas where specific agricultural products are prohibited from production according to law, and prohibit the cultivation of edible agricultural products; To threaten the safety of groundwater and drinking water sources, the relevant counties (cities, districts) should formulate environmental risk management and control plans and implement relevant measures. The study will bring strictly controlled cultivated land into the scope of the new round of implementation of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, and formulate plans to adjust the planting structure of heavily polluted cultivated land or return farmland to forests and grasslands. We will continue to carry out pilot projects in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, Hunan Province to restore farmland contaminated by heavy metals and adjust crop planting structure. Pilot implementation of the farmland rotation fallow system. By 2020, the planting structure of heavily polluted cultivated land will be adjusted or the area of returning farmland to forests and grasslands will strive to reach 20 million mu. (Led by the Ministry of Agriculture, with the participation of the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Land and Resources, the Ministry of Environmental Protection, the Ministry of Water Resources and the State Forestry Administration)

Argus II enables real-time text transmission to the implanted chip.

The new technology helps the blind to "see" and understand words in one second.

Some blind people use special glasses to see the outline of the object, and the video camera on the glasses sends the data to the chip implanted in the retina of the blind person.

The invention of Braille built a bridge for the blind to communicate with the outside world. They read, write and carry on their daily life through the touch of their fingertips. Nowadays, with the development of science and technology, blind people can even "see" words with their own eyes, as if seeing the light again.

According to the British "Daily Mail" website reported on November 23rd, this new system, named argus II, developed by American scientists, consists of an implantable retinal electrode array and a miniature video camera mounted on glasses, and is upgraded from the existing blind assistant system.

In the previous system, the video signal captured by the camera was converted into optical mode by the processor on the glasses, and sent to the nerve implant device, so that the blind could see the general outline of the object, but it was impossible to read it, because the text had to be large and it took several minutes to "translate".

Researchers in California, USA, managed to improve this system. Because Braille is composed of 63 coded characters, each character is arranged in a rectangle with 6 points by 1 to 6 protruding points, the researchers bypass the camera and directly stimulate the points with 60 electrodes, so that the text signals can be transmitted to the chip implanted in the retina of the eye in real time, and then these signals are transmitted to the visual nerve. After decoding, Braille words will be generated in the brain, so that the blind can "see" the words.

Dr Thomas Lauritzen, head of the research project, said that blind people can recognize a letter in less than one second using argus II system, and the accuracy rate is as high as 89%.?

In addition, if combined with video glasses and text recognition software, this latest system can also help the blind "see" street signs or warning signs in other public places. It is expected to completely change the treatment of patients with degenerative eye diseases and provide new hope for people with rare eye diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa. However, argus II is unlikely to replace traditional Braille books, and blind people can read 800 letters per minute by touching Braille books.

Peter Osborne, Dean of the Royal College for the Blind, said: "Any technology that may make some people’ see’ things again is a good thing. I hope more people can verify this research. There are about 18,000 blind people who master Braille in the UK. This technology is expected to enable them to communicate and communicate with others better in the future. It is exciting to witness the research progress in this area. "

(Source: China Daily News Xinlian Editor: Zhou Fengmei)

　　Reading tips

　　Mycoplasma pneumonia mostly occurs in autumn and winter, and there are sporadic cases in other seasons. At the initial stage of infection, the symptoms are similar to those of the common cold, which should be comprehensively judged according to the onset time, clinical symptoms, physical examination, imaging examination and pathogenic examination.

　　Recently, mycoplasma pneumonia has aroused concern, and most of the patients infected with mycoplasma pneumonia in hospitals across the country are children. The disease control departments in Beijing, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Shaanxi and other places all issued reminders, and there was a peak in pediatric clinics.

　　The reporter found that the number of outpatient and emergency departments in many hospitals in Beijing has increased to varying degrees. Most of the patients are children, but many adults have been recruited. Xu Baoping, director of the Department of Respiratory Medicine of Beijing Children’s Hospital, said that since September, the number of daily outpatients in the fever and cough clinic of Beijing Children’s Hospital has increased, and about 20% of the children tested positive for mycoplasma pneumoniae. In autumn, other pathogens such as respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus, rhinovirus, adenovirus and other infections have also increased.

　　Mycoplasma pneumoniae can be repeatedly infected.

　　The reporter learned from Chaoyang Hospital in Beijing that mycoplasma pneumonia (MPP) refers to pulmonary inflammation caused by mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection, which can involve bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli and interstitial lung. Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia is the most important community-acquired pneumonia in children aged 5 and above in China.

　　Mycoplasma pneumonia mostly occurs in autumn and winter, and there are sporadic cases in other seasons. Some people think that the prevalence rate of children under 5 years old is low, but it is not uncommon for young children to be infected.

　　Mycoplasma pneumoniae is divided into many categories, with fever and cough as the main clinical manifestations, which may be accompanied by headache, runny nose, sore throat and earache. Fever is mainly moderate to high fever, and persistent high fever indicates serious illness. Cough is more severe, which can be similar to whooping cough. Some children have wheezing, especially infants. The early signs of the lungs may not be obvious, and with the progress of the disease, there may be a decrease in breathing sounds and dry and wet rales.

　　Mycoplasma pneumonia is contagious. It can be transmitted by droplets and direct contact, and it can be repeatedly infected. It is not always immune once. Experts remind that if there are two or more babies at home, they need to be isolated.

　　Because Mycoplasma pneumoniae can affect both upper and lower respiratory tract, when the upper respiratory tract is initially infected, there are symptoms similar to the common cold, such as stuffy nose, sore throat and fever. Whether you are infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae and whether the infection progresses to pneumonia needs to be comprehensively judged according to the onset time, clinical symptoms, physical examination, imaging examination and pathogenic examination.

　　Dong Xiaoyan, director of the respiratory department of Shanghai Children’s Hospital, said that if school-age children have symptoms of respiratory infection, persistent fever and aggravated cough during the epidemic season of mycoplasma pneumoniae, parents should be especially vigilant, and there may be mycoplasma pneumoniae infection. If the child is clearly infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae, and there are persistent high fever, listlessness, cough with vomiting, etc., it is necessary to seek medical attention in time.

　　There are more children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection this year than in previous years.

　　Cao Ling, director of the Department of Respiratory Medicine of the Capital Institute of Pediatrics, said in response to the media that the high incidence of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is from August to December every year in Beijing, and it usually reaches its peak around November every year. However, as far as this year’s situation is concerned, it is hard to say when the future summit of mycoplasma pneumoniae infection will occur. There are indeed more children infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae this year than in previous years, mainly concentrated in school-age children.

　　With the high incidence of mycoplasma pneumonia in children, there are more patients with mycoplasma pneumonia in adults. It is reported that a 32-year-old patient with mycoplasma pneumonia was admitted to the Department of Infectious Pulmonary Diseases of Ningbo Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine recently. While he was hospitalized, the children at home were also hospitalized, and a family of three people were recruited one after another.

　　Sun Minghuan, an attending Chinese physician in the Department of Infectious Pulmonary Diseases, reminded that Mycoplasma pneumoniae is contagious. When someone at home has symptoms such as fever and cough, he should see a doctor as soon as possible, and his family should be well protected to avoid infection.

　　Adults who stay with children infected with mycoplasma pneumoniae for a long time are still not to be underestimated. Dr. Sun Minghuan said that the susceptible population of mycoplasma pneumonia is children and adolescents, but recently, the number of adult patients with mycoplasma pneumonia admitted to them has also increased significantly compared with the past. Like mycoplasma pneumonia in children, mycoplasma pneumonia in adults is characterized by fever and cough, which may be accompanied by symptoms such as headache, runny nose, sore throat and earache. Cough is more severe and paroxysmal dry cough is more common.

　　How do parents deal with mycoplasma pneumonia?

　　Does mycoplasma pneumoniae positive mean that you have mycoplasma pneumonia? Zhang Yu, a researcher at China Center for Disease Control and Prevention, wrote that, in fact, mycoplasma pneumoniae positive and mycoplasma pneumonia are two different things.

　　The result of mycoplasma pneumoniae test is positive, suggesting that the pathogen may be infected, but the infection cannot be 100% confirmed. Detection methods of mycoplasma include PCR detection of nucleic acid and ELISA detection of antibody. Mycoplasma pneumoniae positive generally means antibody positive. There are two kinds of mycoplasma antibodies: IgM antibody and IgG antibody. If IgM antibody is positive, it indicates acute infection; If only IgG antibody is positive, it suggests that mycoplasma pneumoniae has been infected. In addition, any clinical detection method has a certain false positive rate. Therefore, a positive antibody test does not mean that you are infected with Mycoplasma pneumoniae.

　　Regarding whether mycoplasma pneumonia can cause "white lung", professionals said that mycoplasma pneumonia may bring mucus plugs to block the bronchi, which in turn will cause "atelectasis", that is, the air content of the lungs will be reduced, resulting in "white lung" in imaging. But this is two concepts with the "white lung" of diffuse lesions in both lungs.

　　By tapping the back to expel phlegm, eliminating phlegm with drugs, bronchoscopy and other means, the child can be cured in a short time, and basically will not cause life-threatening. Most children with mycoplasma pneumoniae infection have a good prognosis. Children with severe and refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae infection may leave lung structure or function damage, which requires long-term follow-up.

　　How to prevent mycoplasma pneumoniae infection? Experts say that in daily life, we should first ventilate more and gather less. At ordinary times, it is best to open the window and ventilate 2 to 3 times a day at home for 15 to 20 minutes each time. Avoid taking children to crowded and poorly ventilated public places in the near future. Secondly, we should maintain good personal hygiene habits, wash our hands and rinse our mouths frequently. Appropriate outdoor activities, pay attention to physical exercise, and ensure adequate rest time. In addition, clothing should be appropriate, and clothing should be increased or decreased in time when the climate changes, with warm hands and feet and no sweat.

I. Overview of the semiconductor industry

The market scale of domestic semiconductor industry is growing rapidly, but the demand supply is seriously unbalanced and highly dependent on imports. The self-sufficiency rate of domestic core chips is less than 10%.

In 2000 and 2020, China’s integrated circuit market accounted for the global share.

5G and AI technology

Science and technology innovation board has provided investment exit channels for hard technology enterprises, and the capital market has actively laid out hot tracks in science and technology innovation board including semiconductors.

Distribution of industries in science and technology innovation board

Second, the industrial chain structure of the semiconductor industry

Semiconductor industry chain

Third, the AI chip industry

AI chip mainly includes three technical routes: GPU, FPGA and ASIC, which are divided into cloud training chip, cloud reasoning chip and edge reasoning chip.

AI chip downstream application

On the edge, AI chip mainly includes four application scenarios: Internet of Things, mobile Internet, intelligent security and autonomous driving.

AI chip downstream application

Fourth, 5G chips

The market scale of mobile phone RF front-end chips is driven by the value growth of stand-alone RF chips.

Under the background of stable shipment of mobile terminal equipment, with the upgrade of communication network to 5G, the number and value of RF devices are increasing, and the market scale of RF front-end chip industry will continue to grow rapidly. From 2010 to 2018, the global RF front-end market scale will grow at an annual rate of about 13.10%, and it will be close to 19 billion US dollars by 2020.

RF front-end components have different growth rates. As the largest market segment of RF front-end, the market space of filters will increase from $8 billion in 2018 to $22.5 billion in 2023, with an annual growth rate of 19%, which is mainly due to the penetration of high-quality BAW filters. The market space of PA will increase from $5 billion to $7 billion, with an annual growth rate of 7%, mainly due to the growth of high-end and ultra-high frequency PA market, which will make up for the contraction of 2G/3G market.

Competition pattern of global RF front-end chip market

At present, the market concentration of RF front-end is high, and foreign manufacturers occupy the vast majority of the market share. The domestic demand brought about by the trade war is the biggest opportunity for domestic RF manufacturers.

The integration of RF front-end makes future acquisitions and mergers and acquisitions an important means of capital withdrawal, and acquisitions and mergers and acquisitions are also one of the ways for chip companies to become bigger and stronger.

V. Internet of Things Chip

With the rapid development of the Internet of Things, the upstream industries related to its universality and connectivity are the first to benefit.

With the implementation of relevant communication standards and the development of communication and cloud computing technology, the Internet of Things has entered the growing period from the initial introduction period.

From the perspective of industrial chain transmission, the Internet of Things will change from "rapid networking" to "scale networking+application services", and the upstream industrial chain links with universality and connection with the Internet of Things will benefit first, including communication chips, sensors and wireless modules.

Industrial structure of internet of things

Atlas of Internet of Things Chip Industry

Sixth, the memory chip

In 2018, the size of the memory market exceeded 160 billion US dollars, making it the largest field of semiconductors, accounting for 30%, and international giants occupied the market.

Atlas of memory chip industry

Seven, optical chip

The localization rate of high-speed optical chips is low, and almost all high-power laser chips depend on imports.

High-end (high-speed, high-power) optical chip industry has high barriers to entry, large investment, long cycle and great difficulty, especially chip material growth, chip design, chip manufacturing process and chip packaging are the core of optical chip R&D and manufacturing.

Atlas of optical chip industry

Eight, automotive chips

The development trend of automotive networking, intelligence and electrification promotes the development of automotive chips in the direction of high frequency, monolithic integration and low power consumption.

Nine, the third generation semiconductor

The third generation semiconductor materials have the properties of high voltage, high frequency and high temperature, and are widely used in the fields of photoelectricity, radio frequency and power.

The third generation semiconductor materials mainly include SiC, GaN, diamond, etc., and are also called wide band gap semiconductor materials because of their band gap width ≥2.3 eV. The third generation semiconductor materials have the advantages of high thermal conductivity, high breakdown field strength, high saturated electron drift rate and high bonding energy, which meet the new requirements of modern electronic technology for harsh conditions such as high temperature, high power, high voltage, high frequency and radiation resistance.

The construction of 5G base station promotes the rapid growth of GaN RF market.

Radio frequency device is the basic component of wireless communication equipment, which is responsible for the conversion, reception and transmission of electromagnetic signals and digital signals in wireless communication, and is the core of wireless connection.

In the past ten years, the application of national defense has been the main driving force to promote the development of GaN technology, and now these technologies are shifting from military to commercial. Due to their excellent high-frequency performance, most Hong Jizhan below Sub-6GHz will adopt GaN devices in the future, and 2019-2021 will be the key period for the construction of 5G infrastructure, and it will also be the key period for gallium nitride devices to replace LDMOS.

Atlas of the third generation semiconductor industry

X. MEMS chip

MEMS chip is the perception of a new generation of information technology

MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical System) is an engineering technology that combines microelectronics and precision machinery. Its size is in the order of 1 micron to 100 microns, and it adopts the advanced manufacturing technology of integrated circuits. Compared with traditional products, MEMS has the advantages of miniaturization, high productivity, mass production and low cost.

MEMS technology is widely used in various sensor chips. Its core function is to convert physical signals into electrical signals that can be recognized by electronic devices. It is the perceptual basis and data source of the new generation of information technologies such as artificial intelligence, Internet of Things and big data. MEMS also has important applications in biology, optics, radio frequency, machinery and other fields.

The United States, Europe and Japan dominate the MEMS world, and the domestic MEMS industry is still in its infancy.

The layout of MEMS industrial chain in China is complete, but overall, the industry is still in the initial stage of development

The design and OEM links need to be strengthened. The OEM manufacturing is mainly based on 6-inch and 8-inch production lines, and the sealing and testing links have certain competitiveness.

There is a big gap between the products and foreign countries in terms of accuracy and sensitivity, and the application fields are moving from mobile phones and automobiles to VR/AR and Internet of Things.

Competition pattern of global MEMS market in 2018

XI. Semiconductor Equipment

Wafer manufacturing is the link with the largest proportion of equipment, with lithography, etching and thin film deposition accounting for the largest proportion, and industry giants are concentrated.

XII. Semiconductor materials

There are many market segments for wafer manufacturing and packaging materials, and the single market segment is small, and the industry giants are concentrated.

The market of semiconductor materials is more subdivided, the market space of single product is very small, and there are few pure semiconductor materials companies; Semiconductor materials are often only a small part of the business of some large material manufacturers, such as Dow Chemical Company, DuPont, Mitsubishi Chemical, Sumitomo Chemical, etc., and the semiconductor materials business is only a branch under its electronic materials business department; However, due to the strict requirements of semiconductor technology on materials, only a few suppliers can provide products for single semiconductor chemicals.

Silicon wafer giants are concentrated in Japan, South Korea, Germany and Taiwan, China; Only a few enterprises in Chinese mainland have the production capacity of 8-inch semiconductor wafers, while 12-inch semiconductor wafers mainly rely on imports.

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Original title: In-depth Report on Semiconductor Industry (Chip and Equipment Materials in Subdivision)