With the RCEP agreement finally settled this month, the economic and trade relations between East Asia and Southeast Asia will become closer in the foreseeable future. Under the background of the successful election of US Democratic candidate Biden in the 2020 presidential election, Japan, as the current leader of CPTPP and a signatory of RCEP, its diplomatic choice in the future is also of concern. Will Suga Yoshihide’s cabinet follow the trend and emphasize economic and trade cooperation with countries in Asia, or will it return to its foreign policy during the Obama administration of the Democratic Party and seek coordination with the east coast of the Pacific through the TPP framework? At present, when the argument of the new cold war is raging, we may be able to glimpse some clues of Japan’s current decision-making by reviewing Japan’s diplomatic choices in the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union in the twentieth century.

As we all know, Japan and China did not establish formal diplomatic relations for a quarter of a century from 1949 to 1972. Although the two countries managed to develop and maintain some trade.【1】However, under the background that the United States pursues a containment policy towards the communist countries in Asia, Japan’s contact policy with China, Vietnam (North Vietnam) and even countries that pursue neutrality in Southeast Asia has experienced considerable repetitions. However, Japan’s economic assistance to pro-American countries in the region, such as Indonesia after Suharto’s coup in 1965 and Malaysia, which suppressed its own communist struggle for a long time, has long been regarded by scholars in the history of international relations as evidence that Japan follows the American policy in Asia.

However, with the gradual declassification of diplomatic documents from 1950s to 1960s, the assertion that Japan was simply classified as a follower of American containment strategy in the past was questioned to a considerable extent. Through these diplomatic documents, we can see that many of Japan’s early engagement policies with China, such as breaking the trade ban on China (CHINCOM) and providing export loans to China through state-owned export-import banks, directly challenged the American strategy in Asia. At the same time, Japan’s strategic conception in Southeast Asia, that is, the strategy of establishing Japan-Southeast Asia manufacturing industry chain, is also obviously opposed to the American conception of Japan as a supplier of consumer goods in Southeast Asia. The author also wants to point out that this opposition not only appeared in the cabinet of Ichiro Hatoyama and Ikeda Hayato, which were relatively pro-China and neutral, but also appeared in the cabinet of Kishi Nobusuke and Eisaku Satō, which were traditionally considered pro-American and anti-China. In other words, the pursuit of post-war Asian policy independence is the consensus of the Japanese ruling group and will not change because of the change of Japan-US relations. In this paper, the author will sort out the diplomatic documents between the United States and Japan from the Bandung Conference in 1955 to the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan in 1972 to illustrate Japan’s entanglement and hesitation in the pro-American/independent diplomatic routes. The upper part will mainly describe the diplomatic confrontation between China, Japan and the United States before the Bandung Conference in 1955 and the Sino-Japanese LT Trade Agreement in 1961, while the lower part will mainly describe the political turmoil in Southeast Asian countries since 1960, as well as the influence of different routes of struggle between Japan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of International Trade and Industry on Japan-US foreign policy.

Sino-Japanese Contact in Bandung Conference in 1955 and Japan’s Idea of "Returning to Asia"

If we try to find the origin of Japan’s postwar foreign policy toward Asia, a historical node that can hardly be ignored is the Bandung Conference, which we are all familiar with, that is, the 1955 Asian-African Conference. Apart from the Five Principles of Peaceful Coexistence put forward by China at the Bandung Conference, Japan also got the opportunity to intervene in regional politics again through this conference. Despite the strong opposition from the United States, Ichiro Hatoyama’s government sent a Japanese delegation headed by Tatsunosuke Takasaki, then Japan’s Minister of International Trade and Industry, to attend the meeting, and took this opportunity to realize informal contacts between China and Japan.

The Japanese delegation is headed by Tatsunosuke Takasaki (second from left).

Japan’s diplomatic decision to participate in the Bandung Conference was made against the background of its domestic economic recovery. With the smooth progress of Japan’s economic recovery in the mid-1950s, when Ichiro Hatoyama became prime minister in 1955, Japan had generally returned to the highest level of the pre-war economy. Hatoyama confidently declared in Congress that Japan’s "post-war era" was over. In his view, the urgent task of the Japanese government is to re-establish Japan’s position in the international community and conduct diplomacy that is more in line with Japan’s interests. Under the guidance of this thought, Ichiro Hatoyama’s government hoped to adopt a softer diplomatic stance, and put forward the idea that Japan would intervene in Asian geopolitics as a "window between the East and the West".

On the other hand, in 1955, China also had a political basis for seeking cooperation extensively in diplomacy. It is true that both the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea in 1951 -1953 and the efforts of China’s military advisory group headed by Chen Geng in Dien Bien Fuk’s triumph in 1954 clearly showed that China would be committed to opposing the imperialist intervention of western countries in neighboring countries. However, when the war ended in 1953, the demand for resources necessary for domestic economic construction through foreign trade made China leaders adopt a very pragmatic diplomatic attitude on the international stage. European delegates to the Geneva Peace Conference in 1954 were surprised to find that China had adopted a foreign policy that was different from the previous one and centered on the economy. Similarly, at the Bandung Conference in 1955, Zhou Enlai also put forward suggestions for economic cooperation to Indonesian, Ceylon and Cambodian representatives, and promised that China would not seek interference and influence other countries’ internal affairs.

It is worth mentioning that the candidates for the Japanese delegation to the Bandung Conference are worth pondering, and can also reflect Japan’s consideration of its international status at that time to some extent. Tatsunosuke Takasaki, the head of the delegation, was appointed as the chief representative of Japan by Ichiro Hatoyama, not only because he has extensive contacts in the industry as a practical economic bureaucrat, so that he can represent Japan to discuss economic and trade cooperation with the countries present, but also reflects the long-standing Pan-Asian tradition in Japan. Whether it is the ruling Liberal Democratic Party after the war or the Japanese industry, before Japan’s defeat and surrender in the first half of the 20th century, quite a few people participated in Japan’s aggression and expansion in Southeast Asia, China and the Korean Peninsula, and were influenced by the so-called "Greater East Asia Co-prosperity Circle" theory, so they had intuitive feelings and experiences on the economic integration of Japan and Asia. Because the United States relaxed its responsibility for the old Japanese decision makers in Germany and Japan for the needs of the Cold War after the war, these former decision makers who were once expelled as war criminals from politics and business were able to once again enter the decision-making level of Japan. No matter Tatsunosuke Takasaki in politics, Kishi Nobusuke and Masayoshi Ohira, who became prime ministers after Hatoyama, Yoshisaburo Higasaki, the foreign minister in the Shore Cabinet, or Kaheita Okazaki and Yoshisuke Yukawa in industry, they all participated in Japan’s actions to support the puppet Manchukuo and Wang puppet regimes as economic bureaucrats during the Japanese invasion of China. These people who worked in the Puppet Manchukuo and Manchuria Railway Corporation formed a "Manchurian network" group across the political and business circles in Japan because of their common experience after the war.As the members of this group came back to power with the acquiescence of the United States after the war, Japan’s pre-war concept of pan-Asianism regained its influence in the decision-making level. In other words, Japan’s diplomatic inertia formed in the first half of the twentieth century was also continued in Japan’s foreign policy in 1955, which was embodied in re-establishing Japan’s influence in regional affairs by emphasizing "returning to Asia". Therefore, Takasaki’s participation in the Bandung Conference on behalf of Japan can be described as the epitome of this strategic consideration at the personnel level.

Of course, Takasaki cannot be simply classified as a supporter of the old Japanese policy. In Japan’s post-war political map, the most striking feature of Takasaki is that as a promoter of "diplomacy with communist countries"-Takasaki also participated in Japan’s diplomatic coordination with the Soviet Union, and participated in and promoted the negotiation of Japan-Soviet fishery agreement with Soviet Deputy Prime Minister mikoyan for three times in 1956, 1960 and 1962. At the Bandung Conference, Takasaki seized the opportunity to hold two secret talks with Premier Zhou Enlai, who also attended the conference, and reached a consensus on Sino-Japanese trade and civil goodwill. This has also become an important basis for Japan’s contact with China after 1955. After Bandung, China and Japan shared common interests on the decolonization of Asia and possible economic cooperation in the Pan-Asian region. After the meeting between Zhou Enlai and Takasaki, the two countries made serious efforts to deepen economic ties. In 1957, Japan and China signed two agreements, allowing China to export raw materials in exchange for industrial products and equipment. Although Sino-Japanese trade was interrupted after 1958 due to the Nagasaki flag incident, the trade between the two countries began to resume in 1961, and Japan became China’s largest import source country in 1964 (Table 1).

Of course, Japan’s performance at the Bandung Conference can not be simply described as "pro-China", but can be the best footnote for the country to wander between pro-America and independence. As early as before the opening of the Bandung Conference, Japanese Foreign Minister Shigemitsu Mamoru, with officials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, strongly opposed Hatoyama’s decision to attend the Conference. Although Hatoyama insisted on sending a delegation to attend the Bandung Conference in the end, Shigemitsu Mamoru appointed Toshiichi Kakuba of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs as the deputy representative of the Japanese delegation. It is precisely because of the communication between Kasai and Shigemitsu Mamoru that the meeting between Takasaki and Zhou Enlai was known by the US, and then pressure was exerted to cancel the third secret meeting between Zhou Enlai and Takasaki originally scheduled during the meeting. In other words, the opposition between pro-American bureaucrats and contact bureaucrats in the Japanese government has caused considerable constraints on the contact policy with China/the Soviet Union that Ichiro Hatoyama’s cabinet has been adhering to.

This contradiction between the pro-American faction and the independent diplomatic faction within the Japanese government is also reflected in the policy level, which is embodied in the Japanese delegation’s dependence on American capital and dollars in the economic proposal at the Bandung Conference. At the Bandung Conference, Japan put forward several economic issues: for example, establishing an Asian Payment Union to introduce foreign capital for Asian economic construction and solve the payment problem in bilateral trade, and establishing a permanent Asian Economic Cooperation Union to discuss regional economic development. This proposal received opposition from China and Indian countries. This is because the Asian Payment Union proposed by Japan will use the US dollar as the reserve currency. In the eyes of India, a former British colony, an Asian system based on the pound will be more beneficial to it. According to the telegram sent by Li Kenong to Ye Jizhuang on April 22, 1955, the representative of China was also deeply worried about the US dollar entering Southeast Asia through this Japanese channel. Li Kenong’s report reflects China’s judgment that whether the payment system is based on British pound or US dollar, it will pose a great threat to the independence of Asian countries. At the same time, due to the lack of sufficient foreign currency reserves, China will fall into diplomatic passivity in any system. At the same time, China is also wary of the possible role of the United States behind Japanese economic expansion in Asia. Zhou Enlai’s report to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China after Bandung Conference clearly reflected this attitude. In Zhou Enlai’s report of April 30th,China believes that Japan’s massive dumping in the Southeast Asian market is supported and encouraged by the US government, and its purpose is to establish economic control over Southeast Asia. In other words, China’s understanding of Japan is based on its awareness that it can’t get rid of being the executor of American Asian strategy whether it is voluntary or not.

Coincidentally, Japanese officials of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs are also full of anxiety about industrial competition from China: according to the report of the China Division of the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs on July 23, 1959, Japanese diplomats believe that the trade competition between China and Japan in the "free countries" in Southeast Asia has become increasingly fierce since 1955. In their view, China’s free aid and cheap exports to Southeast Asia pose a threat to Japan’s market share, and the signing of a series of "barter" agreements, such as the rice-for-textiles agreement between China and Myanmar and the rice-for-rubber trade agreement with Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), is a major challenge to Japan’s trade system based on international money and credit. Judging from these diplomatic documents in the 1950s, there are indeed voices within China and Japan to build each other’s strategic intentions based on the reality of the Cold War.

Japan-US Dispute Centered on Southeast Asian Policy

Then, is Japan, as previously recognized by academic circles, a follower of the United States to exert economic influence on Southeast Asia, thus curbing China’s influence in this region? Traditional academic circles believe that Japan gave up its diplomatic efforts to seek neutrality after the Kishi Nobusuke administration came to power in 1957, and instead expanded Japan’s economic interests in the western camp through the Japan-US alliance, and at the same time expanded Japan’s local economic influence with the help of the expansion of the United States in Southeast Asia. This assertion that Japan’s foreign policy is described as "hitchhiking" widely appears in the works of Japanese and American scholars.【2】. In this understanding, Japan is a staunch supporter of the United States, and the high consistency of interests between the two countries in Southeast Asia is an important cornerstone of this cooperation.

However, this argument has been challenged with the declassification of the latest diplomatic documents: since 1955, Japan has been obsessed with promoting economic integration with Southeast Asia, which is not in line with the national interests of the United States in the eyes of American decision-making groups. In Japan’s view, the key to Japan’s post-war rise lies in industrial transformation, that is, from low value-added manufacturing industries (such as textiles and food processing industries) to high value-added manufacturing industries (chemical industry, steel industry, shipbuilding industry). This process not only needs Japan to open the markets of western countries, but also needs to establish the industrial chains of Japan and Southeast Asian countries, obtain the markets, raw materials and primary processed products from the latter, and export technical standards to integrate them into the Japanese-led economic cycle. However, for the United States, Southeast Asia is the frontier of the struggle with China and the Soviet Union, and it is a neutral zone that may fall to the communist camp like a domino at any time. In the eyes of American policy makers, the support for Southeast Asia must focus on all kinds of direct assistance, such as food and consumer goods that people can directly use and military training and equipment against communist party revolutionaries. In this process, Japan should become a "quartermaster of a democratic country", while the United States, as an "arsenal of a democratic country", provides consumer goods and military assistance to the pro-American regime in Southeast Asia. In this sense, the United States and Japan have quite different ideas about Southeast Asia.

The starting point of this opposition is the Bandung Conference in 1955. The Asian Payment Union and the Asian Development Commune proposed by Japan at the meeting are not without warning. Tatsunosuke Takasaki himself submitted a proposal to Eisenhower as the Minister of International Trade and Industry of Japan before the meeting, seeking the support of the United States for Japan to establish economic cooperation in Southeast Asia. In this diplomatic document issued on March 9, 1955, Takasaki tried to persuade the United States to provide part of the reserve funds for the Asian payment union envisaged by Japan (according to Takasaki’s vision, the payment union needs to inject about 200 million US dollars from outside every year). Another noteworthy Japanese position is Japan’s position as a middleman in the aid sent by the United States to Southeast Asia. In this proposal, Takasaki proposed to the United States that in order to support Japan’s economic development, the United States should hand over American raw materials (such as grain and cotton) to Japan for processing and then transport them to Southeast Asia as food and textiles.

Corresponding to Japan’s active promotion of this plan, the attitude of the United States towards these two proposals is quite cold. Neither Eisenhower’s regime nor Kennedy/Johnson’s regime supported Japan’s plan. In Eisenhower’s view, Japan’s economic integration in Southeast Asia will be a huge waste of American resources: for the United States, which is seeking to curb the expansion of communist regimes on a global scale, instead of providing a lot of funds to support economic diplomacy that cannot be effective in a short time, it is better to use more resources to support countries that clearly express their pro-American stance and prevent these regimes from being overthrown by their own insurgents through direct consumer goods and military assistance. For the U.S. government, which just experienced diplomatic failure to Vietnam at the Geneva Peace Conference in 1954 and increased blood transfusion to the government of Wu Tingyan in South Vietnam after the conference, the Japanese proposal is unattractive.

However, Japan has not given up its idea, but its diplomatic efforts will not change the attitude of the United States in the next few years. In 1957, Ichiro Hatoyama’s cabinet, which adhered to the contact policy, was dissolved, and pro-American Kishi Nobusuke came to power. In that year, he visited the United States to seek American support for his regime. During the negotiation with Eisenhower, Kishi Nobusuke once again put forward the Japanese idea of establishing an Asian payment union, and hoped that the United States would give a clear statement and direct financial support. According to the record of the talks between the two sides on June 19, 1957, Eisenhower flatly rejected Kishi Nobusuke’s proposal and pointed out that "[Although] we understand Japan’s position, the resources of the United States for Southeast Asia are limited. Any support must be realistic and affordable. " Even at the meeting of the Operation Coordination Board on September 25th, Eisenhower Administration directly stated that any idea of establishing a common development fund in Southeast Asia was unrealistic. The differences between the United States and Japan on this issue can be seen at a glance.

The differences between the two sides also extended to the subsequent regimes of the two countries. The signing of the US-Kishi Nobusuke security agreement in 1960 triggered large-scale public protests, which eventually led to the downfall of the Japanese government. Kishi Nobusuke was succeeded by Ikeda Hayato, who was born in the Ministry of International Trade and Industry. It was during Ikeda’s cabinet period that Japan launched the "Income Multiplication Plan" aimed at vigorously promoting the development of the national economy, and made it clear that Japan’s economic development must rely on the output of industries. In 1962, Japan passed the Temporary Measures for the Revitalization of Specific Industries Act, and regarded the export of steel, automobile and oil industries as Japan’s core interests. Under this policy, Japan began to actively seek industrial integration with Southeast Asia, and achieved certain diplomatic achievements in the World War II compensation agreement with the government of Su Jianuo, Indonesia, that is, by compensating Japanese-made equipment, helping Indonesia to train technicians, and providing interest-free/low-interest export credit to purchase Japanese equipment, the export of Japanese industrial technical standards was realized.

For the United States, Japan’s economic development is commendable, but its vision for Southeast Asia does not meet expectations. In 1961, Rusk Dean, Secretary of State of the Kennedy Administration, visited Japan and held consultations with Japan for several days in Hakone. During the consultation on November 3rd, Eisaku Satō, then Japanese Minister of International Trade and Industry (later Prime Minister) and Kenji Fukunaga, then Japanese Minister of Labor, made sharp questions to the US side, questioning the rationality of the US policy towards Southeast Asia. The former accuses the United States of being meaningless in supporting Southeast Asia except "helping some regional leaders to build their own statues", while the latter demands that rusk clearly explain the position that the United States regards Japan as its Asian policy "agent". During the three-day consultations, Japan’s attitude was very clear: the United States should abandon its rigid Asian policy and fully accept Japan’s proposition of economic integration in Southeast Asia.

In contrast to Japan’s questioning, the United States has never given in to its position. Deputy Secretary of State Fuller and Freeman rejected Japan’s proposal to develop supporting industries of heavy chemical industry in Southeast Asia, but stressed the need to support agriculture and light and small industries in Southeast Asia. Rusk pointed out more bluntly that if Japan wants to continue to be an intermediate country of American aid to Southeast Asia, it must follow the position of the United States and only give aid funds to regimes with clear pro-American and anti-communist positions. At the same time, Japan’s contacts with neutral countries such as Myanmar and Indonesia will not be included in the direct support of the United States. Although this meeting was finally praised as an important achievement in deepening the understanding between the United States and Japan in public reports, the declassified meeting documents exposed the huge differences between the two sides. The differences between the two countries’ positions on Southeast Asia continued until the coup in Suharto in 1965 and the comprehensive escalation of the Vietnam War.

Solution: an analysis of the differences in Asian policies between the United States and Japan

So, what caused the diplomatic differences between the United States and Japan from 1955 to 1965? The author will discuss the internal affairs and regional politics of the two countries respectively. On the one hand, in the markets of developing countries, Japan is facing a common impact from the East and West camps. Whether it is the "barter" trade agreement between China and the Soviet Union and Southeast Asian countries, or the advantages of European and American countries in technology and capital, Japan’s actions to expand overseas markets are facing fierce competition. However, the crisis also contains a huge turning point: with the vigorous development of anti-colonial struggles (which are often led by communists) after the war, new nation-states have sprung up, and there has been a vacuum in the colonial market that was firmly controlled by Britain and France. For these emerging countries, it has become an important demand to get rid of the dependence on the former sovereign state economically and promote industrialization independently. For Japan, the reshuffle of Southeast Asia has become a godsend opportunity to pursue its own industrial upgrading and overseas trade share. From this point of view, it is even more natural for Japan to participate in the Bandung Conference and make friends with China, which has good relations with revolutionaries in Southeast Asian countries.

On the other hand, for Japan, the decade that began in 1955 was also a decade when Japan tried to integrate into the western economic system, and in the process, Japan paid a huge price. Some industries that flourished after the war, such as textiles and organic chemicals, were impacted by the protectionist policies of western countries, which made it difficult to develop in European and American markets. Since 1958, Japan’s textile exports to the United States have even been subjected to tariff repression and anti-dumping investigations by the United States. At the same time, Japan is also seeking to join the western economic clubs, namely the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) and the General Agreement on Tariffs (GATT). In the negotiations, Japan was explicitly asked to make concessions, open its market to countries in the same camp and stop protecting its industries with tariffs. Japan’s economic liberalization reached its peak in 1965: Sato’s cabinet assured the United States that it would provide Voluntary Export Restriction for Japanese textiles and promised to open 90% of the Japanese market as the price of joining the OECD. In other words, from 1955 to 1965, Japan integrated into the western economic system at great cost, and in order to maintain the competitiveness of Japanese industries, Japan must race against time to cultivate its own industrial alliances in other markets to cope with the competition from Europe and the United States. It is precisely because of this that Japanese industrial giants have also become the main force to promote Sino-Japanese trade negotiations and Japan’s investment in Southeast Asia.Both Kurashiki Silk Weaving Co., Ltd. (today’s Kolili Kuraray Co., Ltd.), a giant in textile and chemical industry, and Hitachi Group, an equipment manufacturing industry, actively supported the policy of engagement with China and Southeast Asia put forward by Japanese economic bureaucrats headed by Takasaki, and even directly participated in the negotiation process.　

If for Japan, the postwar foreign policy was mainly influenced by economic factors, then for the United States, the leader of the western camp, it was mainly political factors that influenced its Asian policy in the 1950s. Whether it was the stalemate of the Korean War in 1953 or the military victory of North Vietnam against France under the leadership of Ho Chi Minh in 1954, the United States began to seriously examine China’s geopolitical influence in Asia, and then looked at Southeast Asia with a very conservative and skeptical eye, fearing that a communist revolution would emerge from any Southeast Asian country that swept the whole region.【3】. In the case that Southeast Asia may enter the communist camp at any time, Japan’s proposal to develop Southeast Asia’s industries is naturally inappropriate in the eyes of American policymakers. In contrast, it is more in line with the national interests of the United States in the eyes of American policy makers to directly provide food, consumer goods and military assistance to pro-American countries in Southeast Asia through policies such as the Food for Peace Act (Public Law 480). In this scenario, Japan, as an American ally with the most developed production capacity in East Asia, is naturally entrusted with the task of "quartermaster of democratic countries". From Eisenhower’s regime to Johnson’s regime, such cognition has always had a huge market among decision makers in the State Council, USA. This situation was partially reversed until Nixon came to power and decided to end the Vietnam War and ease relations with China.

Of course, we can’t ignore the influence of European economic integration on Japan. The agreement of the European Economic Community (EEC) between France and West Germany, the Netherlands and Italy, which was signed in 1957, has obvious influence on Japanese policy makers. Not only because of the fierce competition between Europe and Japan in the global market, but also because the industrial integration policies pursued by the European Economic Community (such as jointly regulating agricultural prices, establishing common agricultural funds, and setting industrial standards) coincide with the policy blueprint that Takasaki and others hope to promote in Southeast Asia. In this case, it is not difficult to understand that Japanese policymakers feel a sense of crisis and work harder to promote similar agendas.

Conclusion and Prospect: Japan-US Relations in 1960s: From Disputes to Confluence

So far, this paper briefly combs the differences between Japan and the United States in Southeast Asia policy and China policy from the 1950s to the mid-1960s, and briefly analyzes the factors that may lead to these differences. As mentioned above, with the Indonesian coup in 1965 leading to the fall of the pro-China Su Jianuo regime, the differences between Japan and the United States will be bridged to some extent in the increasingly intensified Cold War confrontation in Southeast Asia, and the relations with China will be deteriorated to some extent. The second half of this paper will continue to trace back to Japan-US policies towards Southeast Asia after 1965, and focus on Japan’s domestic politics, especially the struggle between officials who support independence in the Ministry of International Trade and Industry and those who support coordination with the United States in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. At the same time, it will demonstrate what factors made the pro-American bureaucrats in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs finally overwhelm the technocrats in the Ministry of International Trade and Industry, and forced the latter to give part of the decision-making power to Japan’s foreign trade policy to the former.

[1] Japan signed a non-governmental trade agreement with the Republic in 1953. Before the Nagasaki incident in 1958, Japan signed four non-governmental trade agreements with China, and in 1958, it signed a Sino-Japanese iron and steel agreement to carry out exploratory cooperation in the field of industrial manufacturing. Although the trade relations between China and Japan were frozen after the Nagasaki incident in 1958, China and Japan signed the LT trade agreement through negotiations between Liao Chengzhi and Takasaki Tatsunosuke in 1962. Japan also became China’s largest trading country two years after the signing. This five-year trade agreement was renewed in 1967 and continued until the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Japan in 1972.

[2] Representative scholars who hold this view, such as Chalmers Johnson, Warren Cohen, Miyagi, Tian Feng Long, etc.

[3] This view is often called Domino Theory, which emphasizes that countries with communist revolutions will have a huge demonstration effect on the surrounding areas and give birth to communist revolutions in other regions.

[Editor’s note]What is the memory of reform and opening up in your heart?

On December 18, 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee was held in Beijing, and magnificent changes began.

In the past 45 years, from dressing and wearing hats, to eating, living and traveling, to culture and entertainment, little by little changes have quietly reshaped our lives.

CCTV launched a series of hand-painted pictures and texts "45 Time Segments Shuttle through 45 Years of Reform and Opening-up" to tell the story of China in time.

　　CCTV News:According to the official news of the Ministry of Transport, from 20: 00 on July 29 to 20: 00 on July 30, there were heavy rains in Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, central and eastern Shanxi, northern Henan, and central and western Shandong. Among them, there were heavy rains in parts of central and southern Hebei, central and southern Beijing, Tianjin, northwestern Henan and other places, and heavy rains in parts of central and southern Hebei, southwestern Beijing and other places; There are heavy rains or rainstorms in parts of northwestern and southern Anhui, coastal areas of central Zhejiang, coastal areas of central Fujian, central Guangdong, southwestern Yunnan, central Shaanxi, eastern Heilongjiang and northern Jilin. There are thunderstorms in northern Hebei, central Heilongjiang, central and eastern Jilin, southwestern Jiangsu, central Jiangxi, central Guangdong, Hainan Island, eastern Guizhou, southern Ningxia and northeastern Tibet. There is fog in central and southern Henan, central Hubei, central Hunan, and central and southern Sichuan Basin. In addition, some sections of sichuan-tibet railway supporting engineering highway are affected by light rain, so it is necessary to guard against the adverse effects on construction and material transportation.

　　The main sections affected by heavy rain are:

　　G2 Beijing-Shanghai Expressway Beijing — Langfang, Hebei — Tianjin — Qingxian County, Hebei Province — Dezhou, Shandong — Taian section

　　G3 Beijing-Taiwan Expressway Beijing — Langfang, Hebei — Tianjin — Qingxian County, Hebei Province — Dezhou, Shandong — Tai ‘an Section, Tongling, Anhui — Huangshan section

　　G4 Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway Beijing — Zhuozhou, Hebei — Anyang, Henan — Zhengzhou section, Wuhan section, Fogang, Guangdong — Guangzhou section

　　G5 Beijing-Kunming Expressway Beijing — Zhuozhou, Hebei — Hebei-Shanxi provincial boundaries — Shanxi pacification — Xiangfen section

　　G6 Beijing-Tibet Expressway Beijing — Beijing-Hebei provincial boundary — Huailai, Hebei — Zhangjiakou section

　　G7 Jingxin Expressway Beijing — Beijing-Hebei provincial boundary — Huailai, Hebei — Zhangjiakou section

　　G15 Shenhai Expressway Rizhao, Shandong — Ganyu section in Jiangsu, Taizhou in Zhejiang — Yueqing section and Guangzhou section

　　G1511 Rilan Expressway Rizhao, Shandong — Feixian section, Jining, Shandong — Lankao section of Henan province

　　G18 Rongwu Expressway Kenli, Shandong Province — Haixing, Hebei — Tianjin-Hebei provincial boundary — Tianjin — Bazhou, Hebei — Xu Shui section

　　G1811 Huangshi Expressway Cangzhou Port, Hebei Province — Shijiazhuang section

　　G20 Qingyin Expressway in Zibo — Shandong-Hebei provincial boundary — Nangong, Hebei — Hebei-Shanxi provincial boundaries — Shanxi pacification — Fenyang section

　　G22 Qinglan Expressway Zhucheng, Shandong Province — Hebei-Shandong provincial boundary — Handan, Hebei — Hebei-Shanxi provincial boundaries — Licheng, Shanxi — Changzhi section

　　G25 Changshen Expressway Hebei Zunhua — Tianjin Hangu — Tianjin-Hebei provincial boundary — Hebei Huanghua — Shandong Wudi — Qingzhou section

　　G30 Lianhuo Expressway Zhangzhuangzhai, Jiangsu — Xiayi, Henan — Xingyang section

　　G35 Jinan-Guangzhou Expressway — Lu Yu provincial boundaries — Shangqiu, Henan — Bozhou, Anhui — The boundary between Henan and Anhui provinces — Jingdezhen, Jiangxi — Yingtan section

　　G36 Ningluo Expressway Anhui Lixin — Jieshou section

　　G4212 He ‘an Expressway Anhui Huaining — Anqing section

　　G45 Daguang Expressway Chengde, Hebei — Beijing-Hebei provincial boundary — Miyun in Beijing — Beijing-Hebei provincial boundary — Henan Nanle — Fugou section, Conghua, Guangdong — Guangzhou section

　　G50 Shanghai-Chongqing Expressway Chizhou, Anhui — Hubei Huangmei — Wuhan section

　　G55 Erguang Expressway Xinzhou, Shanxi — Jiyuan section of Henan and Sanshui section of Guangdong — Guangzhou section

　　G5512 Jinxin Expressway Jincheng, Shanxi — Shanxi-Henan provincial boundary — Jiaozuo, Henan — Xinxiang section

　　G56 Hangrui Expressway Huangshan, Anhui — Anhui-Jiangxi provincial boundaries — Wuyuan, Jiangxi — Jiujiang section

　　G60 Shanghai-Kunming Expressway Yushan, Jiangxi — Nanchang section

　　G70 Fuyin Expressway Nanchang — Hubei Huangmei — Wuhan section

　　G80 Guangkun Expressway in Guangzhou

　　G8511 Kunmo Expressway Yunnan Pu ‘er — Simao section

　　Beijing-Tianjin-Tangshan Expressway Langfang, Hebei Province — Tianjin Wuqing — Tanggu section

　　Tianjin-Jilin Expressway Tianjin — Jixian section of Tianjin

　　Xuanda Expressway Hebei Xuanhua — Yangyuan section

　　Tanggang Expressway Tangshan, Hebei Province — Jingtanggang section

　　Hengde Expressway Hengshui, Hebei — Dezhou section of Shandong province

　　Xinglin Expressway Xingtai, Hebei Province — Linqing section

　　Xuanhua, Hebei Province, Zhangshi Expressway — Laiyuan section

　　Baocang Expressway Baoding, Hebei — Cangzhou section

　　Qinhuangdao, Hebei Province, a coastal expressway — Tianjin-Hebei provincial boundary section

　　Binbo Expressway Binzhou Shandong — Zibo section

　　Changji Expressway Changyuan, Henan — Jiyuan section

　　Lannan Expressway Lankao, Henan — Weishi section

　　Zhengzhou section of Zhengzhou-Shaoluo Expressway and Luoyang section of Henan Province

　　Shang-Zhou Expressway Shangqiu, Henan — Huaiyang section

　　Yongdeng Expressway Luyi, Henan — Zhoukou section

　　Zheng Shi Expressway in Zhengzhou

　　Guanghui Expressway Guangzhou — Zengcheng section of Guangdong province

　　National Highway 101 Beijing — Chengde, Hebei — Pingquan section

　　National Highway 102 Beijing — Hebei Sanhe — Tianjin Bangjun — Hebei Yutian — Suizhong section of Liaoning province

　　National Highway 103 Beijing — Tianjin Wuqing — Tanggu section

　　National Highway 104 Beijing — Langfang, Hebei — Tianjin — Qingxian County, Hebei Province — Dezhou, Shandong — Tai ‘an Section, Huangyan, Zhejiang — Yueqing section

　　National Highway 105 Beijing — Langfang, Hebei — Tianjin — Qingxian County, Hebei Province — Dezhou, Shandong — Shangqiu, Henan — Bozhou, Anhui — Zhoujiduan, Yuexi, Anhui — Hubei Huangmei — Jiujiang, Jiangxi — Nanchang section, Conghua, Guangdong — Guangzhou section

　　National Highway 106 Beijing — Gu ‘an, Hebei — Henan Nanle — Shandong Dongming — Lankao, Henan — Xincai section, Huanggang, Hubei — Longgang Section and Fogang in Guangdong — Guangzhou section

　　National Highway 107 Beijing — Zhuozhou, Hebei — Anyang, Henan — Zhengzhou section, Wuhan section, Qingyuan, Guangdong — Guangzhou section

　　National Highway 108 Beijing — Beijing-Hebei provincial boundary — Laiyuan, Hebei — Shangzhai, Shanxi — Xiangfen section

　　National Highway 109 Beijing — Hebei reclining Buddha Temple — Yangyuan section

　　National Highway 110 Beijing — Huailai, Hebei — Wanquanduan

　　National Highway 111 Beijing — Yanghekou section of Beijing

　　Xuanhua, Hebei Province, National Highway 112 — Longmen Station and Shuangluan River in Hebei — Tianjin — Bazhou, Hebei — Xuanhua section

　　202 National Highway Jilin Baiqi Domestic Section

　　National Highway 204, Donggang, Shandong — Rusu provincial boundaries — Ganyu section of Jiangsu province

　　National Highway 205, Shanhaiguan, Hebei — Ninghe River in Tianjin — Hebei Huanghua — Shandong Qingyun — Laiwu section, Shandong Linyi section, Anhui Nanling — Anhui-Zhejiang provincial boundaries — Zhejiang Kaihua — The boundary section of Fujian and Zhejiang Province and the road section in Guangzhou

　　Zhucheng, Shandong Province, National Highway 206 — Linyi Section and Tongcheng, Anhui Province — Anhui-Jiangxi provincial boundaries — Jingdezhen, Jiangxi — Yingtan section

　　207 national highway Hebei Wanquan — Hebei-Shanxi provincial boundaries — Shanxi pacification — Shanxi-Henan provincial boundary — Geely section in Henan and Xindu section in Guangxi.

　　National Highway 208, Yangmingbao, Shanxi — Changzhi section

　　213 National Highway Yunnan Pu ‘er — Simao section

　　214 National Highway Yunnan Shuangjiang — Menghai section

　　National Highway 220, Binzhou, Shandong — Lu Yu provincial boundaries — Lankao, Henan — Zhengzhou section

　　306 National Highway Suizhong, Liaoning — Jianchang section

　　Hebei New Village, National Highway 307 — Hebei-Shanxi provincial boundaries — Shanxi pacification — Fenyang section

　　National Highway 308, Weifang, Shandong — Shandong-Hebei provincial boundary — Qinghe, Hebei — Shijiazhuang section

　　Shandong Changle, National Highway 309 — Shandong-Hebei provincial boundary — Hebei Guantao — Hebei-Shanxi provincial boundaries — Licheng, Shanxi — Linfen section

　　National Highway 310, Yang Lou — Shangqiu, Henan — Xingyang section

　　National Highway 311 Xiaoxian County, Anhui Province — Longgang, Henan — Bozhou, Anhui — Luyi, Henan — Fugou section

　　Shaowu, Fujian, National Highway 316 — Jiangxi Zixi Section and Nanchang — Jiangxi and Hubei provincial boundaries — Hubei pagoda — Wuhan section

　　Nanling, Anhui Province, National Highway 318 — Yingshan, Hubei — Wuhan section

　　Zhejiang Changshan, National Highway 320 — Yushan, Jiangxi — Nanchang section

　　Section of National Highway 321 in Guangzhou

　　Yunnan Pu ‘er, National Highway 323 — Pingcun section

　　Zengcheng, Guangdong, National Highway 324 — Guangzhou section

　　National Highway 327, Heze, Shandong — Yanzhou Section and Linyi, Shandong Province — Linshu section

　　Affected by light rain, the road sections of supporting projects in sichuan-tibet railway are:

　　G215 white jade — Batang section

　　G318 Batang — Bamboo Ba Long Section, Zheduotang Section, Haizishan Section, Bomi — Rulang

　　S201 gram day — Cuba Village, Cuba Village — Luomaiduan

　　S204 G318— Daqu section

　　S303 Satcom — Youzhaduan and Kangyu Township — Duoji fork, Duoji fork — Songzong

　　S504 Layue Village — Baimu village

　　The main sections affected by thunderstorms are:

　　G4 Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway Guangdong Ruyuan — Shaoguan section and Guangzhou section

　　G0425 Guangzhou-Australia Expressway Zhongshan, Guangdong — Zhuhai section

　　G10 Suiman Expressway in Harbin

　　G1011 Harbin-Datong Expressway Harbin — Yilan section of Heilongjiang Province

　　G12 section of Hunwu Expressway in Tumen, Jilin, Jilin — Changchun section

　　G15 Shenhai Expressway in Dongguan, Guangdong, Foshan, Guangdong — Enping section

　　G25 Changshen Expressway Nanjing — Jiangsu Lishui section

　　G45 Daguang Expressway Jiangxi Ji ‘an — Suichuan section

　　G60 Shanghai-Kunming Expressway in Xinyu, Jiangxi Province

　　G70 Fuyin Expressway Jiangxi Nancheng — Fuzhou Section and Ninggan Provincial Boundary — Guyuan section of Ningxia

　　G94 Pearl River Delta Ring Road Zhongshan, Guangdong — Dongguan section

　　G98 Hainan Link Haikou — Sanya section in Hainan, Changjiang section in Hainan and Haikou section.

　　Ningchang Expressway in Lishui, Jiangsu Province

　　Taijing Expressway Jiangxi Taihe — Jinggangshan section

　　Western Coastal Expressway in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province

　　National Highway 102 Changchun — Heilongjiang Shuangcheng — Harbin section

　　National Highway 104 Nanjing — Jiangsu jurong section

　　No.105 National Highway in Jiangxi Province — Suichuan section, Guangdong Xinfeng domestic section, Guangzhou — Zhuhai section of Guangdong province

　　Guangdong Renhua, National Highway 106 — Shaoguan section

　　Section of National Highway 107 in Dongguan, Guangdong

　　Amdo, Tibet, National Highway 109 — Naqudian

　　111 National Highway Fengning, Hebei — Guojiatun section

　　112 National Highway Fengning, Hebei — Polono section

　　National Highway 201, Dunhua, Jilin — Dew reach

　　National Highway 202 Harbin — The boundary of Heiji province — Jilin Yushu section, Jilin Jilin — Panshiduan

　　Section of National Highway 203 in Songyuan, Jilin Province

　　Section of National Highway 205 in Nanjing

　　206 National Highway Jiangxi Nancheng — Guangchang section

　　Harbin, National Highway 221 — Yilan section of Heilongjiang Province

　　Sanmenpo, Hainan, National Highway 223 — Sanya section

　　Haikou, National Highway 224 — Sanya section of Hainan

　　Haikou, National Highway 225 — Danzhou Section in Hainan and Sanya Section in Hainan

　　Maoershan, Heilongjiang, National Highway 301 — Harbin section

　　National Highway 302, Hunchun, Jilin — Tumen section, Antu, Jilin — Songyuan section

　　Section of National Highway 309 in Xiji, Ningxia

　　Section of National Highway 312 in Nanjing

　　Section of National Highway 316 in Fuzhou, Jiangxi Province

　　Baqing, Tibet, National Highway 317 — Naqu section

　　Shacun Village, Jiangxi Province, National Highway 319 — Jinggangshan section

　　National Highway 323, Nanxiong, Guangdong — Shaoguan section

　　Heshan, Guangdong, National Highway 325 — Enping section

　　National Highway 326 along the river in Guizhou — Dejiang section

　　Section of National Highway 328 in Nanjing

　　The main sections affected by fog are:

　　G4 Beijing-Hong Kong-Macao Expressway — Xiaochang section of Hubei province

　　G36 Ningluo Expressway in Ruzhou, Henan Province

　　G40 Shanghai-Shaanxi Expressway Qinyang, Henan — Neixiang section

　　G42 Shanghai-Chengdu Expressway is adjacent to Sichuan — Guang ‘an section

　　G55 Erguang Expressway in Nanyang, Henan Province

　　G5513 Changzhang Expressway in Changsha

　　G60 Shanghai-Kunming Expressway in Loudi, Hunan Province

　　G65 Baomao Expressway in Sichuan Linshui and Chongqing.

　　G76 Xiamen-Chengdu Expressway Luzhou, Sichuan — Neijiang section

　　G85 Chongqing-Kunming Expressway in Neijiang, Sichuan and Yibin, Sichuan.

　　Lannan Expressway in Nanyang, Henan Province

　　Xinyang Expressway in Biyang, Henan Province

　　Zheng Shi Expressway jia county — Baofeng section

　　Changsha section of Changliu Expressway and Liuyang section of Hunan Province.

　　National Highway 107, the boundary between Henan and Hubei provinces — Xiaochang section of Hubei province

　　Road section in Lianyuan, Hunan, 207 national highway

　　Section of National Highway 210 in Sichuan Linshui

　　Xiangcheng, Henan Province, National Highway 311 — Yecheng section

　　312 National Highway Tongbai, Henan — Nanyang section, Henan Neixiang section

　　National Highway 318 in Changle, Sichuan, and Lezhi, Sichuan.

　　Changsha, National Highway 319 — Changsha section, Anyue, Sichuan — Lezhiduan

　　Naxi, Sichuan, National Highway 321 — Neijiang section

　　The spring when everything recovers is the season of vigorous efforts.

　　The gross domestic product (GDP) increased by 4.5% year-on-year, the total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 5.8%, the national investment in fixed assets increased by 5.1%, and the total import and export of goods increased by 4.8%… … The report card of China’s economy in the first quarter of 2023, released on April 18th, shows the good trend of China’s economic recovery in high-quality development.

　　"Firmly grasp the primary task of high-quality development" and "In the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, we must unswervingly promote high-quality development" — — The important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary are firm and clear.

　　Endeavour In the first year of fully implementing the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core led the whole party and people, adhered to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability, accelerated the construction of a new development pattern, made great efforts to promote high-quality development, better coordinated development and security, promoted the overall improvement of economic operation, and pushed China’s economic giant to ride the wind and waves and make steady progress, thus providing a stronger development impetus for comprehensively promoting Chinese modernization.

　　Guide the course of endeavor: "In the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, we must unswervingly promote high-quality development."

　　In April, Fangfei, spring is south of the ridge.

　　"We must anchor the goal of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, focus on the primary task of high-quality development and the strategic task of building a new development pattern, and continue to be at the forefront of the country in comprehensively deepening reform, expanding high-level opening up, enhancing the ability of self-reliance and self-reliance in science and technology, building a modern industrial system, and promoting coordinated development between urban and rural areas, and advancing Chinese-style modernization."

　　From April 10 to 13, Guangdong, the first economic province, had a far-sighted and profound hope for the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary during his inspection here.

　　The pages of time are opened every time, and the chapter of development is new and new. In the opening season of 2023, China’s economic vitality surged:

　　More than 4.7 billion person-times — — This is the turnover of the whole society in Spring Festival travel rush this year. Domestic tourism revenue during the Spring Festival holiday increased by 30% year-on-year; In March, the passenger traffic of urban rail transit increased by 58.9% year-on-year; Express business volume broke 30 billion pieces in 96 days and set a new record.

　　Exceeding the level of 2019 — — In the first quarter, the sales revenue of contact services such as accommodation and catering, recreation and sports, and residents’ services increased by 22.8%, 13.7% and 9.4% respectively, reflecting the gradual expansion of consumer demand.

　　1.3 points higher than last quarter — — In the first quarter, the development index of small and medium-sized enterprises reached 89.3, reversing the continuous downward trend since the second quarter of 2021, with the highest increase since the fourth quarter of 2020.

On January 29, 2023, consumers bought cosmetics at the duty-free shop in Haikou Riyue Plaza of Zhongmian Group. Xinhua News Agency reporter Pu Xiaoxu photo

　　What is more convincing is a realistic scene where people are thriving everywhere:

　　In Hainan, the tourism industry has changed from the "Golden Week" of the Spring Festival to the "Golden Month" and "Golden Season", and tourists are weaving, and the sales of duty-free goods on outlying islands continue to be hot;

　　In Chongqing, a series of trains of new land and sea passages in the west loaded with goods sounded their sirens and sailed for countries and regions in ASEAN and other regions;

　　In Guizhou, many data center projects are in full swing, super-large data center clusters have begun to take shape, and batches of high-quality enterprises have come one after another … …

　　Through the haze of the epidemic, the economic warmth is getting stronger.

　　Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, China has gone through arduous three years, seeking the best growth path in coordinating epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, effectively protecting people’s life safety and health, and the economy has grown at an average annual rate of 4.5%, which is significantly higher than the world average.

　　"Better coordinate epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development." At the Central Economic Work Conference in December last year, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that it is necessary to optimize epidemic prevention and control measures according to the situation, do a better job in epidemic prevention and control more scientifically, accurately and efficiently, and conscientiously implement various measures for epidemic prevention and control in the new stage.

　　With the epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19 smoothly entering the stage of "Class B and B management", China’s economy and society have resumed normal operation, and the trend of stabilization and recovery is obvious, just as the current spring is blooming and full of vitality.

　　With the correct guidance of scientific theory, the understanding of high-quality development is deepening — —

　　"High-quality development is the primary task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way." General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made an important conclusion in the Party’s Report to the 20th CPC National Congress.

　　At the Central Economic Work Conference last year, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward "six persistences" in doing a good job in economic work, emphasizing the complete, accurate and comprehensive implementation of the new development concept, accelerating the construction of a new development pattern, and striving to promote high-quality development.

　　On February 7th, at the opening ceremony of the seminar on studying and implementing the spirit of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that we must do a good job in the first year to promote Chinese modernization. It is necessary to fully implement the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, adhere to the principle of stability and strive for progress in stability, better coordinate the two overall domestic and international situations, better coordinate epidemic prevention and control and economic and social development, better coordinate development and security, comprehensively deepen reform and opening up, promote high-quality development, further guide business entities to strengthen confidence, stabilize social expectations, and strive to achieve an overall improvement in economic operation.

　　On March 5th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward the "four musts" for high-quality development when attending the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation at the First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress, pointing out that accelerating the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance is the only way to promote high-quality development, accelerating the construction of a new development pattern is the strategic basis for promoting high-quality development, promoting agricultural modernization is the inevitable requirement for achieving high-quality development, and people’s happiness and well-being is the ultimate goal of promoting high-quality development.

　　On April 3rd, at the work conference on studying and implementing the theme education of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that we should closely focus on high-quality development, which is the primary task of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way, so as to strengthen theoretical study to guide development practice, deepen investigation and research to promote the solution of development problems, and implement study and research in the tasks of completing the Party’s 20th National Congress, so as to promote the new achievements of high-quality development and test the results of theme education.

　　Based on opening a new bureau and steering a new voyage, General Secretary Supreme Leader made a series of important expositions, which further enriched and developed the Supreme Leader’s economic thought, injected new era connotation into Marxist political economy, and guided China’s economic ship to develop steadily and far in the direction of high quality.

　　Win-win cooperation and work together for high-quality development.

　　Since the beginning of the year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has met with many visiting foreign leaders, attended the high-level dialogue between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the world political parties and delivered a keynote speech, and was invited to pay a state visit to Russia. China promoted the resumption of diplomatic relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran; China hosted the 2023 Annual Meeting of China Development Forum and the 2023 Annual Meeting of Boao Forum for Asia … …

　　Under the diplomatic guidance of the head of state, a series of major measures have attracted worldwide attention. Politicians, entrepreneurs, experts, scholars and representatives of international organizations from all over the world have come to China to truly feel the vitality and pulse of China’s high-quality development and discuss ways of mutually beneficial cooperation.

　　Persist in winning by quality and lead high-quality development with new development concepts — —

　　Dialectically understanding and scientifically coordinating the relationship between quality and quantity of economic development is an important experience of our party in leading economic work.

　　Unswervingly implement the new development concept and realize qualitative change through the accumulation of quantitative change. China’s economy is coping with the uncertainty on the road ahead with the certainty of high-quality development.

　　On the afternoon of March 5, the Great Hall of the People. A scene when the Supreme Leader General Secretary participated in the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation was impressive:

　　Representative Shan Zenghai from Xugong Group brought good news to the General Secretary: "In 2017, when you visited Xugong, the 220-ton all terrain crane, the key indicators have reached the top in the world, and the localization rate has increased from 71% to 100%."

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader affirmed it, pointing out that "we have to further upgrade and go to the middle and high end, and our high-quality development should be reflected here".

　　The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that "we must better coordinate the effective improvement of quality and the reasonable growth of quantity, always adhere to the principle of quality first and benefit first, vigorously enhance quality awareness, regard quality as life and pursue high quality".

　　To implement the new development concept, we must put innovation and development in the first place.

　　From all the 16 million kilowatt units of Baihetan Hydropower Station to the successful launch of Chang Erding’s "One Arrow and Four Stars" and the formation of the world’s first wheeled satellite formation in orbit, to the successful completion of the first flight of the Lucky Bird AC332 helicopter … … Since the beginning of this year, the innovation engine has continued to accelerate, helping to open up new areas and new tracks for development and shaping new development momentum and new advantages.

This is the "Lucky Bird" AC332 helicopter shot on April 7, 2023 at the tarmac of Tianjin Helicopter Co., Ltd. of Aviation Industry. Xinhua News Agency reporter Sun Fanyue photo

　　Dongying, Shandong, Yellow River Delta National Nature Reserve.

　　Spring is late, reeds are swaying, water waves are rippling, and a group of waterfowl fly into the sky. Thanks to ecological water supply and wetland restoration projects, it has become a paradise for birds.

　　The Law on the Protection of the Yellow River, which came into effect on April 1st, provides for ecological water supply to the Yellow River Delta, and builds the ecological corridor of the Wan Li of the Yellow River with the force of the rule of law.

　　"At present and in the future, green development is a major strategy for China’s development." On April 4, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized when he participated in the voluntary tree planting activities in the capital.

　　Standing at the height of harmonious coexistence between man and nature, China has been laying the background of green development: in the first quarter, clean energy power generation such as wind energy and solar photovoltaic maintained a high growth rate, and the trend of industrial green transformation continued.

　　In the new era, China will show great vitality in high-quality development by solving the problem of development motive force in innovative development, unbalanced development in coordinated development, harmonious coexistence between man and nature in green development, internal and external linkage in open development and social fairness and justice in shared development.

　　Firm determination, confidence, convergence and strong synergy to promote high-quality development — —

　　Gross domestic product increased by about 5% — — This main expected goal of China’s development in 2023 has released a positive signal to promote the overall improvement of the economy and return to the potential growth rate.

　　"We must strengthen our confidence in doing a good job in economic work."

　　At the Central Economic Work Conference last year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized this, and made suggestions on "expanding domestic demand", "speeding up the construction of a modern industrial system" and "earnestly implementing ‘ Two unwavering ’ " Major issues such as "greater efforts to attract and utilize foreign capital" and "effective prevention and resolution of major economic and financial risks" have been comprehensively deployed.

　　The more you start the year, the more you should concentrate on it, work hard and move forward in unison.

　　Guangdong’s "First Meeting of the New Year" focuses on high-quality development and goes directly to cities and counties; Tianjin designated 2023 as the "year of consumption", and diversified consumption promotion activities in many fields followed; Shenyang issued a number of documents to play a "combination boxing" to support the development of private enterprises; Xinjiang’s friendly exchange delegation visited Central Asia and opened its "circle of friends" to the west … …

　　Private enterprises are an important force to promote economic and social development.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "It is necessary to guide private enterprises and entrepreneurs to correctly understand the principles and policies of the CPC Central Committee, enhance their confidence, travel lightly and develop boldly, and realize the healthy and high-quality development of the private economy."

　　Further promote the implementation of the "Regulations on Promoting the Development of Individual Industrial and Commercial Households" and promote the revision of the anti-unfair competition law in an orderly manner; Comprehensively reduce the RRR and accurately land, and better meet the reasonable capital needs of the real economy; Start the service month of private enterprises … … All departments have implemented the central government’s deployment, and made efforts to optimize the business environment, solve the difficulty of financing and other aspects, stabilize the development expectations of private enterprises, and boost development confidence.

　　Recently, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund and other international organizations and institutions have raised their economic growth forecasts for China this year, demonstrating their confidence in the high-quality development of China.

　　"In the past 10 years, China’s average contribution rate to world economic growth has exceeded 30%, and this year’s contribution rate will be higher than last year, providing scarce market demand and strong impetus for global economic recovery." Han Wenxiu, deputy director of the Central Financial and Economic Committee Office in charge of daily work, said.

　　Confidence builds the road to the future.

　　On March 13th, at the first session of the 14th National People’s Congress, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader said: "In the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, we must unswervingly promote high-quality development."

　　Win the initiative of development: "accelerate the construction of a new development pattern and enhance the security initiative of development"

　　In April, Zhoushan Port in Ningbo, the spring tide surged and it was a busy scene.

　　As a key link in the smooth operation of China’s industrial chain supply chain, Zhoushan Port in Ningbo has been the largest port in the world for 14 consecutive years, with a cargo throughput of 331 million tons in the first quarter of this year, up 9.14% year-on-year.

Container terminal in Chuanshan Port Area, Zhoushan Port, Ningbo, photographed on January 31, 2023. Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Zongzhi photo

　　In the spring of 2020, during the critical period of fighting the COVID-19 epidemic, the Supreme Leader General Secretary visited Zhoushan Port in Ningbo, and profoundly pointed out that overcoming the crisis is the opportunity, and we should be good at capturing and creating opportunities from the immediate crisis and difficulties. Subsequently, according to the changes in the domestic and international environment of China’s development, with a view to better coordinating the two overall domestic and international situations, coordinating epidemic prevention and control, economic and social development, and coordinating development and security, the General Secretary first proposed at the seventh meeting of the Central Financial and Economic Committee to "build a new development pattern with the domestic macro-cycle as the main body and the domestic and international dual cycles promoting each other."

　　Face up to difficulties and turn crises into opportunities. In the past three years, in the face of the complicated and ever-changing domestic and international environment, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader personally deployed and personally promoted the construction of a new development pattern and made solid progress.

　　At present, the world has undergone a great change in the past century, and the world has entered a new period of turmoil and change. China’s development has entered a period in which strategic opportunities and risk challenges coexist and uncertainties and unpredictable factors increase.

　　The more critical it is, the more it is necessary to speed up the construction of a new development pattern and enhance the security initiative of development.

　　On January 31st, the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee conducted a collective study on accelerating the construction of a new development pattern. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "Accelerating the construction of a new development pattern is a strategic decision based on achieving the goal of the second century, overall development and security, and a strategic deployment to grasp the initiative of future development."

　　"Accelerating the construction of a new development pattern is the strategic basis for promoting high-quality development" — — At the National People’s Congress more than a month later, the important conclusion made by the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader when attending the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation further clarified the significance of building a new development pattern in promoting high-quality development.

　　The new bureau has made a new start. Under the guidance of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, the direction and path of accelerating the construction of a new development pattern are clearer.

　　Realizing a virtuous circle of the national economy in coordinating the expansion of domestic demand and deepening the structural reform of the supply side — —

　　The key to building a new development pattern is to realize the unimpeded economic cycle.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that it is necessary to make overall plans to expand domestic demand and deepen structural reform on the supply side, so as to form a higher level dynamic balance of demand pulling supply and supply creating demand and realize a virtuous circle of the national economy.

　　In the first quarter, the national railway passenger and freight transport was booming, sending 753 million passengers, up 66% year-on-year, and 970 million tons of goods, up 2.3% year-on-year, which provided strong support for the sustained overall improvement of economic operation.

　　In early April, during the 2023 China Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Development Conference and the 16th China Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Festival held in Shenyang, a large number of specialized and special new enterprises made their debut with the latest products and research results.

　　"Outline of Strategic Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand (2022-2035)" and "Implementation Plan for Expanding Domestic Demand in the Tenth Five-Year Plan" have been accelerated; Give priority to restoring and expanding consumption, enhance consumption capacity, improve consumption conditions and innovate consumption scenarios; Vigorously and orderly promote the construction of 102 major projects in the 14 th Five-Year Plan, and effectively promote the investment of the whole society through government investment and policy incentives … … A series of policy measures have laid the foundation for promoting a virtuous circle of the national economy.

　　Cultivate new development momentum in accelerating the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and building a modern industrial system — —

　　New world record! On April 12th, China’s fully superconducting tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device, known as the "artificial sun", successfully realized the steady-state high confinement mode plasma operation for 403 seconds, making a major breakthrough.

This is the control hall of the fully superconducting tokamak nuclear fusion experimental device (EAST) after the successful experiment (photo taken on April 12, 2023). Xinhua News Agency reporter Huang Bohan photo

　　At present, China continues to make efforts in basic research, artificial intelligence, new energy, new materials, aerospace and other fields. In the aerospace field alone, there will be many new developments this year: comprehensively promoting the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project and the planetary exploration project; It is estimated that the number of space launches in the whole year will reach "60+" and is expected to reach a new high … …

　　The most essential feature of building a new development pattern is to achieve a high level of self-reliance.

　　"Strengthening basic research is an urgent requirement to achieve high-level scientific and technological self-reliance and the only way to build a world-class scientific and technological power" … … General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out the direction for accelerating the realization of high-level scientific and technological self-reliance.

　　The new development pattern is based on the modern industrial system, and the smooth economic cycle requires orderly linkage and efficient smoothness of all industries.

　　In the collective study in the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee on January 31st, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader was firm: "We should continue to focus on the real economy, solidly promote new industrialization, and accelerate the construction of a manufacturing power, a quality power, a network power and a digital China, so as to build a digital industrial cluster with international competitiveness."

　　During his trip to Guangdong in April, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader earnestly said: "Chinese modernization can’t be divorced from reality, and we must speed up the construction of a modern industrial system supported by the real economy."

　　The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Building a Data Basic System to Give Full Play to the Role of Data Elements was issued, and the Outline of Building a Powerful Country with Quality and the Overall Layout Plan of Digital China Construction were issued … … Since December last year, a series of top-level designs around the modern industrial system have been introduced;

　　Promote short-board industries to supplement chains, advantageous industries to extend chains, traditional industries to upgrade chains, and emerging industries to build chains; Optimize the layout of productive forces and promote the orderly transfer of key industries at home and abroad; Accelerate the planning and construction of a new energy system … … China has made continuous progress towards building a modern industrial system that is autonomous, controllable, safe, reliable and competitive.

　　Accelerate the formation of a sustainable and high-quality development system and mechanism in unswervingly deepening reform and opening up — —

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that "we should further deepen reform and opening up and enhance the motivation and vitality of the domestic and international big cycle" and "we should adhere to the concept of problem orientation and system, strive to break the main contradictions and problems that restrict the accelerated construction of a new development pattern, comprehensively deepen reform, promote practical innovation and institutional innovation, and constantly promote advantages, shortcomings and strong and weak items".

　　On March 16, the "Party and State Institutional Reform Plan" was released.

　　Set up the Central Financial Committee, the Central Science and Technology Committee, the State Financial Supervision and Administration, and the National Data Bureau … … This reform has attracted widespread attention at home and abroad.

　　Reform is a systematic project, which needs to be extensive and detailed.

　　After the second real-name authentication, both tax and enterprise verified their identities, and each manipulated the virtual characters to "sit down", and completed the interview, data uploading and tax-related risk notification letter delivery in the video question and answer session … …

　　Recently, the "Meta-Universe" export tax rebate interview scene launched by Xiamen tax authorities has been well received by business owners: "It not only reflects the seriousness and standardization of law enforcement, but also saves a lot of time, which is very friendly to our foreign trade enterprises."

　　Entering the deep water area of reform, the reform of key areas and key links continued to attack:

　　Deepen the reform of factor marketization, build a high-standard market system, and accelerate the construction of a unified national market. We will improve the basic systems of market economy such as property rights protection, market access, fair competition and social credit, standardize and guide the healthy development of capital according to law, and create a good environment for all kinds of business entities to invest and start businesses.

　　The new development pattern is by no means a closed domestic cycle, but an open domestic and international dual cycle.

　　On March 26th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader sent a congratulatory letter to the 2023 annual meeting of China Development Forum, pointing out: "China will adhere to the basic national policy of opening to the outside world, firmly pursue the mutually beneficial and win-win opening strategy, and constantly provide new opportunities for the world with the new development of China."

　　In the spring of Hainan, coconut wind bursts.

　　At present, Hainan Free Trade Port is ready to accelerate the operation of closing the whole island. Putting system integration and innovation in a prominent position, the construction of free trade port with China characteristics has entered an accelerated period.

　　Facing the wave of economic globalization, China insists on promoting high-level opening to the outside world;

　　In February this year, the negotiation of a free trade agreement with Ecuador was completed, which is the latest achievement of China’s free trade cooperation with countries that have jointly built the "Belt and Road".

　　Tesla announced an increase in investment to build a new energy storage super factory in Shanghai; Airbus will build a second production line in Tianjin; Executives of multinational companies continue to set off a "wave of visits to China".

　　The third Consumer Expo brought together more than 3,300 high-quality consumer brands; In the 133rd Canton Fair, buyers from more than 220 countries and regions attended the meeting and cast a vote of confidence in China’s economy with practical actions … …

On April 15th, 2023, buyers learned about China’s new energy automobile products in the newly set new energy and intelligent networked automobile exhibition area of Canton Fair. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Dawei photo

　　On April 12, when General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Guangdong, he further declared China’s determination and confidence to unswervingly expand opening up and promote high-quality development:

　　"China won’t shut the door, we open the door to further expand. All countries in the world that are willing to cooperate with us for a win-win situation are willing to work with them to promote the common prosperity and development of the world economy. "

　　Firmly stick to the bottom line: "We should better coordinate development and security"

　　It is an important principle of our party to coordinate development and security, enhance the sense of hardship and be prepared for danger in times of peace.

　　"We should better coordinate development and security. Security is the foundation of development and stability is the prerequisite for prosperity. " General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech at the First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress, and put forward requirements for better overall development and security from the strategic height of ensuring the prosperity and long-term stability of the Party and the country.

　　Focusing on high-level security, insisting on paying equal attention to development and security, playing a good first move and fighting a good initiative, China’s economy is moving forward steadily in the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security.

　　— — Stabilize food and energy and ensure that key areas are safe and controllable.

　　North and south of the river, vast fields, it is a colorful spring ploughing map. According to the latest agricultural dispatch of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, as of April 16, 140 million mu of grain had been sown in spring, accounting for 15.1% of the intended area, with a progress of 0.6 percentage points faster than that of the same period last year.

　　Seeds are the "chips" of agriculture. Only by revitalizing the seed industry can the "China rice bowl" be more stable and firm.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attaches great importance to the revitalization of seed industry. On April 10th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited Guangdong, and the first stop came to the South Base of Marine Breeding Seed Project, a national 863 plan project in East Island of Zhanjiang City, stressing that "seed industry is the foundation of modern agriculture and fishery development, and this work should be done well".

　　Solidly promote the revitalization of seed industry, and a series of arrangements are being made: the national agricultural germplasm resource bank and marine fishery resource bank have been completed and put into operation, and the livestock and poultry germplasm resource bank has started construction & HELIP; …

　　A series of breakthroughs have achieved initial results: three white feather broiler breeds independently cultivated in China have broken the situation that the provenance depends on foreign countries, with a market share of over 15%; "Huaxi Niu" has become a new beef breed with completely independent intellectual property rights in China; The potato variety "Xisen 6" with completely independent intellectual property rights has twice set a new world potato yield record, and has been popularized for nearly 20 million mu … …

　　Adhering to the principle of "storing grain on the ground and storing grain in technology" will effectively promote stable grain production and increase production, and firmly grasp the initiative of food security.

　　Energy is the lifeblood of the national economy.

　　On the eve of the Spring Festival, when the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited the grassroots cadres and masses by video link, he pointed out that "energy security is related to the overall economic and social development of China and is one of the most important security", emphasizing "adhering to the national ‘ A game of chess ’ Carefully organize the dispatch and do our best to ensure the supply and price stability of coal, electricity, oil and gas. "

　　Implementing the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, all localities and departments have grasped the two keys of ensuring supply and improving quality. On the basis of strengthening the construction of advanced coal production capacity, increasing oil and gas exploration and development, and increasing storage and production, they have made efforts to improve the independent and controllable level of the energy industry chain, accelerate the adjustment and optimization of the energy structure, promote the low-carbon transformation of energy, and consolidate the foundation of energy security in many ways.

　　In the first quarter of this year, the national output of raw coal, crude oil and natural gas increased by 5.5%, 2.0% and 4.5% respectively, the growth rate of nuclear power and solar power generation accelerated, and the energy supply and demand were generally stable.

This is the "Deep Sea No.1" atmospheric field (photo taken on May 12, 2021) filmed in Lingshui, Hainan. Xinhua News Agency reporter Pu Xiaoxu photo

　　Breakthrough progress has been made in a series of major energy projects, and energy security has reached a new level: the first "Hualong No.1" nuclear power unit in the western region has been officially put into operation, the "Deep Sea No.1" ultra-deep water gas field has formed remote control production capacity, and the Zi-201 well has achieved a stable daily gas production of 738,800 cubic meters & HELIP; …

　　According to the judgment of the National Energy Administration, it is estimated that the maximum power load in China will exceed 1.36 billion kilowatts during the peak summer this year, which is a big increase compared with last year. However, by doing a good job in monitoring, analysis and early warning, increasing the construction and operation of supporting power sources and transmission channels, and scientifically managing the load, the national power supply will be guaranteed as a whole.

　　In the face of "decoupling and breaking the chain" stirring the world, China has accelerated key core technologies such as chip R&D and manufacturing, constantly built an independent, controllable, safe and reliable industrial chain supply chain, and maintained a safe, stable and smooth global industrial chain supply chain in promoting high-level opening up.

　　— — Make overall plans for risk prevention and disposal, and firmly hold the bottom line that systemic risks do not occur.

　　"We must effectively prevent and resolve major economic and financial risks." At last year’s Central Economic Work Conference, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized that we must adhere to the principle of treating both the symptoms and the root causes, combining far and near, and firmly hold the bottom line of no systemic risk.

　　Adhere to the positioning that houses are used for living, not for speculation. All localities and departments should enhance the precision and coordination of policies, accurately support the demand for rigid and improved housing with greater efforts, promote the work of ensuring people’s livelihood and stability, and resolve the risk of corporate capital chain breakage. Since the beginning of this year, the real estate market has stabilized and rebounded, which has provided strong support for stabilizing the basic economy.

　　From steadily and orderly resolving the risks in key areas such as private equity funds, local trading places and bond defaults, doing a good job in rectifying the financial business of platform enterprises, to issuing and implementing national standards for financial risk prevention and control, and compacting the responsibilities of all parties to prevent and deal with financial risks, a series of measures have promoted the overall convergence of China’s financial risks and kept the bottom line that systematic financial risks do not occur.

　　Guided by the important instructions of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary, we can win the advantage, the initiative and the future by fighting a strategic initiative to turn danger into opportunity, promoting high-quality development without stopping, and maintaining high-level security without relaxing.

　　Cultivate people’s livelihood and well-being: "People’s happiness and well-being is the ultimate goal of promoting high-quality development."

　　"People’s happiness and well-being is the ultimate goal of promoting high-quality development." In March this year, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made an important exposition during the two sessions of the National People’s Congress, which showed the true nature of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people’s people-centered purpose in the new era.

　　The size of heaven and earth, Li Yuan first.

　　Focusing on the economic work in 2023, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a series of important arrangements for grasping the bottom line of people’s livelihood and improving people’s livelihood and well-being at the Central Economic Work Conference last year.

　　Facing the new situation and new task of epidemic prevention and control, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the 2023 Spring Festival group meeting: "We adhere to the people first and life first, and constantly optimize epidemic prevention and control measures according to the virus changes and epidemic prevention situation to protect people’s life safety and health to the greatest extent and minimize the impact on economic and social life."

　　On March 5, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed when attending the deliberation of the Jiangsu delegation: "We must take meeting the people’s growing needs for a better life as the starting point and the end result, constantly transform the development achievements into the quality of life, and constantly enhance the people’s sense of acquisition, happiness and security."

　　On March 15th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the high-level dialogue meeting between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the world’s political parties that we should stick to the people-oriented concept and highlight the people-oriented nature of the modernization direction. The ultimate goal of modernization is to realize people’s free and all-round development. Whether the road to modernization can finally go through and run steadily depends on whether people are the center.

　　On April 3rd, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader emphasized at the education conference on studying and implementing the theme of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader that he insisted on doing everything for the people, relying on the people, consciously asking for the people, asking for the people’s needs, always sharing the same breath with the people, sharing the same fate and heart to heart, making efforts to solve the problems of the people’s urgent difficulties and worries, and doing the work of benefiting the people’s livelihood, warming the people’s hearts and conforming to the people’s wishes.

　　Develop for the people. Since the beginning of this year, all localities and departments have carried out the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, adhered to the people-centered development thought, implemented various policies of the central government, and made great efforts to consolidate the foundation of people’s livelihood and meet the needs of the people with a series of pragmatic actions.

　　— — In-depth implementation of the employment priority strategy, do a good job of people’s livelihood.

　　Recently, the job fair of Chongqing Jiaotong University was crowded, and many enterprises in Sichuan and Chongqing opened their arms to graduates.

　　This year, there are 16.62 million newly-increased laborers who need to be employed in cities and towns, and the number of college graduates will reach 11.58 million, both of which have reached new highs in recent years.

　　All localities and departments concerned have implemented the policy of giving priority to employment, and put the work of promoting the employment of young people, especially college graduates, in a more prominent position.

　　The central financial employment subsidy fund arranged 66.8 billion yuan to support the implementation of employment and entrepreneurship support policies in various places; The policy of reducing unemployment and industrial injury insurance rates will continue to be implemented until the end of 2024. It is estimated that the average annual burden reduction for various business entities will be about 180 billion yuan this year and next; Carry out the employment and entrepreneurship promotion plan for college graduates and other young people in 2023 … …

　　"We should give full play to the important role of private enterprises in stabilizing employment and increasing income," General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed when he visited members of the Democratic National Construction Association and the Federation of Industry and Commerce attending the CPPCC meeting on March 6.

　　Adjust and optimize the policy of helping enterprises to help them out, and strengthen the inclined support for the service industry, small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households with large employment capacity to stabilize their posts and expand their posts; Employment provinces strengthen labor cooperation between the east and the west, and all kinds of online and offline recruitment activities are widely carried out … … All localities do everything possible to expand channels and provide excellent services to ensure stable employment.

　　In the first quarter, the national urban survey unemployment rate averaged 5.5%, and the employment situation remained generally stable.

　　— — Fasten the social security safety net to ensure the people’s well-being.

　　Providing for the elderly and providing for the young is an important livelihood concern that affects hundreds of millions of families.

　　On the eve of the Spring Festival, when the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited the grassroots cadres and the masses by video link, he stressed the need to vigorously develop the old-age care cause and the old-age care industry, "especially to strengthen the bottom-up protection for the extremely poor, low-income people, the elderly and the disabled elderly."

On April 16, 2023, the elderly exercised in a community pension service center in Xugezhuang Town, Fengnan District, Tangshan City. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Yushe

　　More than a month later, at the two sessions of the National People’s Congress, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once again stressed the need to improve the social security system and strengthen the service of "one old and one young".

　　Important instructions warm people’s hearts again and again, and pragmatic actions accelerate follow-up:

　　33 — — Recently, 33 cities (districts) were selected as the first batch of national infant care service demonstration cities, and the capacity building of nursery services was promoted as a whole.

　　1000 — — Starting from improving the living environment of the elderly and facilitating their daily travel, 1,000 national model elderly-friendly communities will be established this year.

　　429 — — In response to urgent difficulties and worries, 429 cities have completed the preparation of the overall solution of "one old and one small" to achieve full coverage at the prefecture and city levels.

　　Raise the per capita financial subsidy standard for basic public health services in 5 yuan, and focus on supporting local governments to strengthen basic public health services for the elderly population and children; Arrange 156.7 billion yuan of subsidy funds for the needy people and strengthen the dynamic monitoring of low-income population … … Protect the basics, take the bottom line, promote fairness, and the social security safety net is constantly woven.

　　— — Comply with the expectations and demands of the masses and improve people’s quality of life.

　　"Constantly transform the development achievements into the quality of life" and "Let the achievements of modernization benefit all the people more fairly". According to the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary, more actions to benefit the people and the people are accelerated:

　　On April 11th, the results of the eighth batch of centralized drug procurement organized by the state were announced. Up to now, the country has carried out eight batches of 333 kinds of drugs and three batches of four types of high-value medical consumables, with the average price reduction exceeding 50% and 80% respectively. Superimposed local alliance collection has reduced the drug consumption by more than 400 billion yuan.

　　This year, it is planned to start the renovation of more than 50,000 old communities; Promote the high-quality and balanced development of compulsory education and the integration of urban and rural areas, and ensure the wages and benefits of teachers, especially rural teachers; Accelerate the construction of a quarter-hour convenient living circle, so that people can enjoy more convenience at home … …

　　"the Communist Party of China (CPC) has no self-interest. Being in power means serving the people and making the people happy." On April 11th, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly pointed out during his inspection tour in Guangdong.

　　Be the first in the spring of the year, and do everything first.

　　On the new journey, under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, we will fully implement the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, fully, accurately and comprehensively implement the new development concept, accelerate the construction of a new development pattern, and strive to promote high-quality development. Hundreds of millions of people will work together to write a new chapter in building a socialist modern country in an all-round way.

　　Text reporters: Zou Wei, An Bei, Han Jie, Xie Xiyao, Wei Yukun, Zhang Xinxin, Jiang Lin.

　　Video reporters: Yang Mu, Zhang Qiao, Wu Siyu, Jiang Zhiqiang, Lu Jia, Zhang Shuang, Zhang Wen, Zhao Bo, Chen Kaiyin, Hu Yucong, Xu Yizhen, Di Chun, Ying Quchuan, Yang Jing, Xue Chen, Gao Minhui, Bai Yu, Kong Linghang, Li Tao, Wei Yijun, Yang Yanbin, Xiao Sisi, and so on.

　　Editors: Zhang Shuning, Yang Wenrong, Hao Xiaojing, Jia Yining, Wang Qiuyun, Bao Yuhan, Zhang Huihui, Hou Bangxing, Wu Jinfu

　　Poster design: Jiang Zihan

　　Coordinator: Zhou Yongming and Cao Jiangtao

　　Promotion date: April 27th, 2023 to March 31st, 2024.

　　Tianjin Bangyu International Trading Co., Ltd. promises to refuse false quotation, and all the models sold in our store are regular brand-new imported commercial cars without any changes. There is absolutely no additional fee for the vehicles sold. On the day of car purchase, the company can issue all vehicle procedures to ensure that foreign customers return to the local area to settle down and get a license, and the national car purchase can be paid in installments. For more information, please call Manager Peng: 17720015375 "With WeChat"

　　I believe this color combination will also be recognized by many fans. Dodge first used this color on the commemorative version of this year’s fiftieth anniversary.

　　This special color also includes: Hellrasin, Sinamon, Stick and Frostbite. There are some other adjustments for the 2022 challenger. R/T Scat-packed shock absorbers and T/A 391 wide body surround, GT AWD is now a standard 20-inch wheel. SRT Hellcat also installed the brakes of Brembo of Redeye. Tips: Don’t believe that low price and reliable price are more important. Tel: Manager Peng: 17720015375 "With WeChat"

　　The 22 Dodge Challenger SXT versions adopt the latest design concept of the Dodge family, and the overall shape is more sporty. The instrument panel is designed with a combination of double instrument panels and LCD screens, and the center console is split and equipped with a central LCD screen. It has a sporty atmosphere, including a bottom steering wheel, sports seats, carbon fiber-like interior parts and aluminum alloy decorative panels. If you like passion, please contact Manager Peng: 17720015375 With WeChat likes sports cars and speed. This Dodge Challenger wide-body red-eyed cat is the best choice. The aggressive front face of 23 Dodge Hellcat wide-body red-eyed cat muscle sports cars is the most striking place, like a shark with a big mouth, which is quite powerful. The integrated taillight uses 164 LED light sources, and the tail wing improves its stability at high speed. 22 Dodge Hellcats Wide-body Red-Eye Cats From the front of the car, the two headlights are as sharp as eagle eyes, and the flexible lines of the whole body overflow with an aura.

　　The tail wing added above the rear of the wide-body red-eye cat of 23 Dodge Hellcats improves its stability at high speed, while the bottom spoiler and large-caliber double-tail row more thoroughly demonstrate its powerful performance. The lines on the side are more rough and overbearing broken lines, which are very muscular. They are equipped with 20-inch Group 2 alloy wheels and NTOS racing tires, which have excellent grip. Tel: Manager Peng: 17720015375 "With WeChat"

　　The 23 Dodge Hellcat wide-body red-eyed cats have a sporty atmosphere, including a flat-bottomed steering wheel, a sports seat, carbon fiber-like interior parts and aluminum alloy decorative panels. The embedded round headlights look extremely fierce, revealing the heroic style of American muscle cars.

　　The 23 Dodge Hellcat Wide-body Red-Eye Cats are equipped with a 6.2L V8 supercharged HEMI engine with an output of 808 HP (797 British HP) /960 Nm, which is called the muscle car with the highest horsepower acceleration, the fastest speed and the fastest mass production. Tel: Manager Peng: 17720015375 "With WeChat" accelerates for 3.4 seconds at 0-96 km, 10.8 seconds at 0-400 m, with a tail speed of 210 km and a top speed of 327 km/h. It is also equipped with "ejection preparation" Line Lock mode, which can easily burn tires in situ.

　　Company name: Tianjin Bangyu International Trading Co., Ltd.

　　Tel: Manager Peng: 17720015375 "With WeChat"

　　Address: No.288 Jingmen Avenue, Bonded Zone, Binhai New Area, Tianjin

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