[Global Network Reporter Hou Jiaxin] Black man Jacob Blake was fired seven times by the police, causing the anger caused by paralysis to spread to American sports. Three Major League Baseball (MLB) games were postponed because the team refused to play; Major League Soccer (MLS) announced the postponement of five games and American Men’s Professional Basketball League (NBA) announced the postponement of three playoff games … …

　　According to a comprehensive report by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) and Reuters, three MLB matches were postponed because the participating teams refused to play. According to reports, Major League Baseball Seattle Mariners, Milwaukee Brewers and Cincinnati Redskins all announced their refusal to attend Wednesday’s game to protest Blake’s violent law enforcement by the police.

　　On the evening of 26th local time, MLB issued a statement saying: "Considering the pain and injury experienced by the Wisconsin community after the shooting of Jacob Blake, we respect the decision of many players not to participate in the competition tonight." The statement also mentioned: "MLB is still United and working hard to change our society, and we will be allies in fighting racism and injustice."

　　In addition, MLS also announced the postponement of five games on the same day. Tennis star Naomi Osaka also announced on social media that she will not play in the 27 th match. She said: "It makes me uncomfortable to watch the police continue to slaughter black people."

　　According to previous reports, the NBA playoffs between Milwaukee Bucks and Orlando Magic scheduled for the afternoon of 26th were suspended because the Bucks refused to play. The NBA immediately announced that all three games of the day were postponed. Subsequently, a number of players tweeted to support the NBA decision and protest against police brutality. James, the star of the Lakers, directly condemned: We demand change! We’ve had enough!

　　All these protests originated from a recent case of police brutality in Wisconsin. On August 23, local time, the police in Kenosha, Wisconsin, USA fired at least 7 shots at the back of an African-American man, causing serious injuries. This incident subsequently led to a large-scale demonstration in the local area.

　　A video widely circulated on local social media shows that on the afternoon of 23rd, when Jacob Blake, a 29-year-old black man, walked to the driver’s seat and opened the door to get on the bus, he was grabbed by two policemen who followed him and fired at least 7 shots at his back at close range. Blake’s three children were sitting in the car at the time of the incident. Blake is seriously injured and is currently being treated in the intensive care unit of the hospital.

　　According to previous news from the US media, Blake’s father revealed to the media that Blake was paralyzed from the waist down. Doctors don’t know whether paralysis is permanent.

Summer is hot, rainfall increases,

Mosquito vectors are gradually active,

The spread risk of mosquito-borne infectious diseases also increases.

Today we will treat dengue fever.

13 questions that you care about most,

Make it clear at once.

What kind of disease is dengue fever?

Dengue fever is a viral infectious disease caused by dengue virus and mainly spread by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes. It is the most widespread insect-borne infectious disease in the world and is prevalent in more than 100 countries in tropical and subtropical regions.

Dengue virus belongs to flavivirus genus in flaviviridae, and there are four serotypes, which are mainly transmitted by the bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic to severe dengue fever that may be fatal.

In recent years, with the climate warming, the acceleration of globalization and urbanization, and the change of ecological environment, the global dengue fever epidemic situation is on the rise rapidly.

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Is dengue fever prevalent in China?

In China, dengue fever has not yet formed a stable endemic epidemic, which is mainly characterized by local transmission caused by import, and the epidemic scale is affected by the global dengue fever epidemic. This year, the dengue fever epidemic in China is mainly concentrated in Guangdong, Yunnan, Guangxi and other provinces. At present, there is still the risk of dengue fever transmission in southern China, but as the weather gets colder and the precipitation decreases, the risk of dengue fever transmission will gradually decrease.

What are the characteristics of dengue fever epidemic in China?

In China, dengue fever has not yet formed a stable localized epidemic focus, but mosquito vectors that can transmit dengue virus are widely distributed. In the summer and autumn mosquito breeding season, dengue virus has the potential to spread rapidly after being imported, and local transmission epidemics caused by import occur every year. All endemic areas of dengue fever may be imported into China, but mainly to Southeast Asian countries such as Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar and Cambodia, and the risk of importing depends on the frequency of people coming and going.

The local epidemic mainly occurred after June, and peaked in August-October. People of all ages can be infected, mainly young and middle-aged, especially those who are active in cross-border exchanges and their related groups.

Is the clinical manifestation of dengue fever serious?

After being infected with dengue virus, it usually takes 5-9 days to get sick, and the symptoms are mostly mild, and some infected people may have no symptoms.

Typical clinical manifestations include sudden fever (up to 39℃), which may be accompanied by obvious fatigue, anorexia, nausea, severe headache, posterior orbital pain, muscle and joint pain (usually called "three pains"), flushing on face, neck and chest (namely "three reds"), and sometimes accompanied by rash and bleeding (nosebleeds and gingival bleeding)

The vast majority of patients can recover within 1-2 weeks, and a few patients progress rapidly after onset, and may have bleeding, shock or even death. Early treatment, early treatment and mosquito isolation can effectively avoid the aggravation of the disease and infect people around you. If you suspect that you are infected with dengue fever, you must take the initiative to see a doctor as soon as possible.

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Which areas are at risk of dengue fever?

Dengue fever is prevalent all the year round in many tropical and subtropical regions, and it is a common and frequently-occurring disease, mainly including South America, Africa, the Middle East, South Asia, Southeast Asia and Pacific island countries. Nearly half of the world’s population (about 4 billion people) live in areas at risk of dengue fever. Large-scale dengue fever outbreaks often occur in Caribbean, Brazil, Costa Rica, Cuba, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Myanmar, Cambodia, Indonesia, Thailand, Laos, Malaysia and Pacific islands. In China, local dengue fever epidemic caused by import often occurs in Yunnan and Guangdong.

Under what circumstances should we consider?

You may have dengue fever?

If you have stayed in countries or regions where dengue fever is prevalent in the past two weeks, or dengue fever has occurred in communities, streets or even cities where you live and work, you should consider the possibility of contracting dengue fever when the above-mentioned suspected dengue fever symptoms suddenly appear. At this time, we should take measures to prevent mosquitoes as soon as possible, such as spraying repellent and wearing long-sleeved underwear, go to the hospital for medical treatment, and take the initiative to explain our travel history to the doctor so as to get a diagnosis and treatment as soon as possible.

How to treat dengue fever?

At present, there is no specific medicine for dengue fever, and support and symptomatic treatment measures are mainly taken, including rest, drinking more water and cooling down.

The fever of dengue fever is mainly reduced by physical cooling. Those with high fever can use acetaminophen and other antipyretic drugs, and avoid using drugs with anticoagulant properties, such as aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen). People with deficiency of erythrocyte glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase should avoid using antipyretic and analgesic drugs to prevent hemolysis.

Mild patients, such as home treatment, should do a good job of mosquito prevention and isolation, kill adult mosquitoes in the room, avoid family aggregation infection, closely observe symptoms, and see a doctor in time when the condition gets worse.

Can dengue fever be transmitted to family and friends?

After getting dengue fever, you are bitten by Aedes mosquitoes during the infection period (usually lasting until 5 days after the onset), and the virus in your blood can infect mosquito vectors. After 8-10 days of proliferation, mosquitoes are contagious and can transmit the virus to others through bites. Family cluster infection is a frequent event, and mild patients should take effective measures to prevent mosquito isolation during home treatment (for example, using mosquito nets, wearing long-sleeved underwear, using mosquito repellent products, etc.). We should avoid infecting family members with dengue fever and protect their health.

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How is dengue fever spread?

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne infectious disease, which is mainly transmitted by the bite of Aedes mosquitoes, and generally does not occur from person to person. After Aedes mosquitoes bite dengue fever patients or latent infected people, the virus can spread to others through bites after 8-10 days of proliferation in their bodies.

People in China are generally susceptible to dengue fever, and they may get sick after 5-9 days of infection. Some infected people may not get sick (called recessive infected people), but after infection, they will cause viremia, which is contagious. Perinatal infection of pregnant women can spread vertically and lead to infant infection. Dengue virus can be transmitted through blood through organ transplantation, blood transfusion or the use of blood products. Although there are reports of breastfeeding and sexual transmission, it is extremely rare.

What kinds of Aedes mosquitoes can spread dengue fever?

When is the high incidence of dengue fever?

Aedes mosquitoes of dengue fever are mainly Aedes albopictus and Aedes aegypti, commonly known as "flower mosquitoes", which belong to domestic mosquitoes and mainly breed in places where human beings live and often move. The incidence of dengue fever is seasonal, and the high incidence period is the active period of Aedes mosquitoes. The high incidence season of dengue fever in most parts of China is summer and autumn (August-October), and the local epidemic can start in June or even earlier. In parts of Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan with warm climate, the high incidence season can be May-November.

Image source: Yunnan CDC

How to prevent dengue fever in daily life?

The best way to prevent dengue fever is to protect yourself from mosquito bites. Use mosquito-repellent incense or electric mosquito-repellent incense liquid in rooms and offices, and at the same time use screen doors, screens and mosquito nets to prevent mosquitoes. Develop good hygiene habits, regularly remove all kinds of accumulated water in families and units. Terraces, potholes, tree holes, bamboo tubes and other places that are prone to accumulated water need to be dredged and leveled regularly, and ditches should be dredged, silt and weeds on the shore should be cleaned, and small containers of garbage should be removed to prevent mosquitoes from breeding. When going to parks, green belts and other places, you should wear long-sleeved clothes and trousers, and apply mosquito repellent drugs to exposed skin and clothes.

Reproduction and use of copyright pictures in the gallery may lead to copyright disputes.

What is the breeding ground of Aedes mosquitoes?

How should it be removed?

The breeding ground is the place where adult mosquitoes lay eggs and mosquito larvae mature and grow. After clearing the breeding ground, Aedes mosquitoes can’t reproduce, which is conducive to blocking the spread of dengue fever. The larvae of Aedes mosquitoes like clean water. Except for adults, the development of the other three stages of the whole breeding cycle is inseparable from water. Therefore, it is an effective means to put containers such as pots and cans upside down to avoid stagnant water and clean up all kinds of useless stagnant water in the home and surrounding areas in time. Aedes mosquitoes can also breed in the accumulated water in a bottle cap or eggshell-sized container, so when clearing the breeding ground, be sure to check carefully and don’t let go of the garbage in the corner.

It is necessary to keep the home and surrounding environment clean and tidy, and remove all kinds of sanitary corners and garbage. Drinking water containers for people and livestock or other useful water containers should be completely changed once a week. Reduce the cultivation of aquatic plants at home, and it is recommended that the containers that have been cultivated be completely changed once a week. Ornamental fish or local species of mosquito-eating fish can be stocked in homes and surrounding landscape waters. Tires should be neatly stored indoors or in rain-proof places, covered tightly with rain-proof cloth outdoors, and discarded tires outdoors should be perforated. For tires with accumulated water that are difficult to remove, you can use phosphorus dichloride to kill young mosquitoes. The vegetation around the home can be used to kill Aedes mosquitoes.

When traveling abroad,

How to prevent dengue fever?

Know the incidence of dengue fever in the destination in advance. The epidemic peak of dengue fever in tropical and subtropical areas is during and after the rainy season.

When going out, you should wear long-sleeved underwear, try to choose light colors, and use mosquito repellent and other mosquito repellent products on bare skin to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes.

When going to areas with high incidence of dengue fever, you can carry foldable mosquito nets with you; During your stay in the local area, close the screen doors and screens; Mosquito-repellent incense and mosquito-repellent aerosol can be used in hotel rooms. Note that Aedes mosquitoes may exist indoors in any type of hotel, so pay attention to mosquito control and mosquito killing.

If you have suspicious symptoms during your stay, you should see a doctor in time and take the initiative to explain the bite.

After returning to the local area, if you have fever within 2 weeks, you should see a doctor in time and explain your travel history. In order not to spread the disease to your family, please cooperate with the local health department and be hospitalized for mosquito isolation treatment. /health science popularization

Reproduction and use of copyright pictures in the gallery may lead to copyright disputes.

Laiyuan | China CDC

Author | Chen Qiulan, Ren Qian, Infectious Diseases Department of China CDC.

Lu Liang, Institute of Infectious Diseases, China CDC

Li Jiandong, Institute of Virology, China CDC

Audit | Infectious Diseases Department of China CDC, Zhang Yanping

Figure source | Yitu. com

Edit | Hu Die

Shengming | Part of the material source network is only used for popular science publicity, such as invasion and deletion.

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Original title: "13 questions about dengue fever that you are most concerned about, make it clear at once"

Read the original text

Director:

Screenwriter: Gao Ke

Starring:

Special feature of 1905 film network Yang Jiazhen (Mary), a rich girl, is married to Li Mao (Chang Yuan), a young policeman. Although the husband and wife love each other, they have never been recognized by Jiazhen’s parents. Li Mao accidentally discovered that he had the same appearance as the prince of the dynasty. One wanted to get promoted in the palace, the other wanted to get free in the palace, and they exchanged identities, but they didn’t know that they were getting involved in the conspiracy of Shangshu step by step … …

You are me and I am you.

I have seen many wonderful plays of "Exchange of Life", and some classic works have been born, such as FACE/OFF’s "A Match Made in Heaven" and so on. Mary, the star of Li Mao Dressing as a Prince, once performed with Allen on the stage, which aroused strong reaction from the audience and earned more than 2.1 billion at the box office.

This time, Chang Yuan, another partner of hers, was responsible for one person to play two roles, challenging himself to play against himself, and switching freely between Li Mao, a timid and humble catcher, and the confident and noble royal prince. The precise performance was a highlight of the film, and even Mary watched the double play.

In order to play the two roles well, Chang Yuan constantly pondered their posture and voice. "Every day, I exist as two people. Li Mao belongs to the kind of person who is a tiger, and the prince is a high-ranking person, which is quite enjoyable! "

Judging from the title of the film, "Li Mao Dresses as a Prince" uses "homophonic terrier" with the same sound as "civet cats for princes". This is a folklore, and the plot tells the story of "switching identities". Two people with the same appearance and two completely different identities, after a conspiracy, decided to swap lives and start a new life.

This twist is not another twist.

Since the drama of the same name was put on the screen in 2015, Mahua FunAge has opened a smooth road, and under the strong impetus of "The Iron Fist of Shame", it has soared to become the head company of the comedy family in China. In addition, Mahua FunAge has also produced a large number of outstanding resident actors, such as Mary, Allen, Chang Yuan, etc. They have actively performed in other performances, contributing to the comedy family in China.

Although "Li Mao Dressing as a Prince" is not a project produced by Mahua FunAge Film Industry, it brings together a group of familiar "Twist" artists. Mary, Chang Yuan, Allen, Wei Xiang and others are all veteran resident actors in Mahua FunAge.

Seven years ago, in the "Charlotte" trio, Shen Teng was the joke, Allen was the force, and Mary was the wisdom and beauty. Each of them had a special person to label and kept it for a long time. In recent years, Mary, Wei Xiang and Chang Yuan have formed the "New Mahua FunAge Screen Trio", from "Li Mao Plays the Crown Prince" to "New Sparks".

The actors who appear in turn in the film all seem to be "stealing the play" and "laughing" is full of fruit.

Are the people competing for posts in Li Mao familiar? Huang Cailun, the "narrator" who never leaves Li Suona.

In the film, a guest star is a contractor.

There is also the blind doctor of "Scent of a Woman" played by comedian Yu Yang, who plays the role of "breaking through the barrier to see a doctor" all the way, and has no intention of stopping the audience’s laughter from the appearance.

Such a movie, which assembled a large number of comedians, opened its brains and laughed constantly under the overhead background of the times and the misplaced setting of "exchanging lives", and gained 462 million box office results at the beginning of this year.

On the occasion of family reunion, watching this crazy comedy with eye-catching lineup, diverse types and rich elements like "Spring Festival Evening" will definitely make you and your family have a pleasant holiday and get unexpected surprises. See you at 18:00 on October 3 rd!

　　Since the promulgation and implementation of "Decision on the Management of Judicial Appraisal" in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in 2005, the judicial appraisal industry has developed rapidly. According to statistics, in 2016, there were 4,872 judicial appraisal institutions and 54,198 judicial appraisers registered by judicial administrative organs, and more than 2.13 million cases of various judicial appraisal services were completed, more than eight times that of 2005. At the same time of rapid development, the development of forensic expertise industry is also facing some problems and troubles.

　　Violations of laws and regulations occur from time to time.

　　Document identification restores the authenticity of signatures and seals, and does not provide opportunities for counterfeiters; Forensic pathology identification, determine the responsibility of medical disputes; Recognition of relatives under the complicated situation of DNA identification … Judicial expertise opinions affect the nature of the case, the severity of the crime, the success or failure of the lawsuit, and the personal rights and property rights of the parties.

　　However, in the field of judicial expertise, some violations of laws and regulations occur from time to time, such as violating the rules of identification procedures and technical operation norms, carrying out identification activities beyond the scope of registered business, and organizing unqualified personnel to engage in judicial expertise business. In November, 2015, Jiangxi Jingsheng Judicial Appraisal Center was given a warning by Jiangxi Provincial Department of Justice, because it published false propaganda pictures of relevant qualification certificates on its website without obtaining relevant qualification certificates. In February this year, the Ministry of Justice informed the Lingshi Judicial Appraisal Center of Shanxi Province about the violation of laws and regulations: the center went beyond the registered business scope and organized appraisers who did not have the qualification of forensic pathologists to engage in forensic pathological appraisal illegally; Charge the blood alcohol content test and appraisal fee beyond the unified charging standard of Shanxi Province …

　　In 2016 alone, more than 230 cases of illegal judicial expertise were investigated and dealt with nationwide, and 132 appraisal institutions were cancelled. Thousands of appraisers were cancelled due to unqualified qualifications and unqualified related examinations, which effectively standardized the practice order and improved the overall ability level of the industry. However, this also reflects the problems existing in the entry threshold of judicial appraisal institutions and appraisers. "At present, China’s judicial appraisers have problems such as inconsistent qualification management and appraisal technical standards. On the other hand, it is difficult for some judicial organs to judge the professionalism of judicial authentication institutions when entrusting judicial authentication, which will also affect the accuracy and applicability of the authentication results. " Qin Xiyan, a lawyer from Hunan Province, introduced for example that a procuratorate needs to assess the value of real estate when handling criminal cases involving state-owned assets, but entrusts a price certification center to determine the price. However, the principles and standards on which the real estate value assessment is based are obviously different from the price determination, and the appraisal results will naturally affect the handling of cases by judicial organs.

　　The lack of appraisal standards and technical specifications for some appraisal matters is also a factor that causes dissatisfaction among the parties. The reporter learned that at present, the identification matters with more complaints and opinions from the parties are usually those that are difficult to rely on the detection of instruments and equipment and mainly rely on the appraisers to use professional knowledge and experience for identification and judgment, such as handwriting identification, forensic psychiatric identification, and medical damage identification. In practice, due to many theories and methods, these appraisal items often lack unified appraisal standards and technical specifications, which is easy to cause the parties to question and be dissatisfied with the appraisal opinions.

　　Profit-seeking, affecting the fairness of appraisal

　　Repeated identification and contradictory identification are a prominent problem in judicial expertise. Liu Jianwei, deputy director of the Institute of Forensic Science and Technology Appraisal of China University of Political Science and Law and an expert in document retrieval, analyzed that most appraisal institutions are responsible for their own profits and losses, and some of them are profit-seeking. In order to win more appraisal commissions, they relax their standards and control, which affects the quality and credibility of appraisal.

　　"In a labor contract dispute, the company sued Li for terminating the labor contract according to the contract, but Li argued that the contract was not signed by himself. The court entrusted an appraisal agency to conduct appraisal, and the first appraisal result was’ not signed by Li’; At the second trial, we appraised it, but the result was the opposite. This is because the sample used in the first appraisal was written by the party Li in court, not his real writing habits, which led to re-appraisal. " Liu Jianwei said that this is because the appraisal agency indulged the simple handling of the sample taken by the judge to a certain extent for the source of the case.

　　"In recent years, the business volume of paternity testing has increased rapidly. In order to do more paternity testing business, some appraisal institutions have set up cross-regional receiving points and sampling points to carry out false propaganda, which has seriously affected the image of the industry." Deng Jiaming, director of the Judicial Appraisal Administration of the Ministry of Justice, said, "The number of cases remains basically stable, and the tax authorities levy taxes on appraisal institutions according to enterprises, which is relatively heavy. In an environment of market-oriented free competition, it is also easy to objectively lead to profit-seeking behavior. In response to these problems, the Ministry of Justice carried out a special rectification of the paternity test business in 2016, which effectively standardized the identification order. "

　　With the development of society, the updating speed of identification instruments and equipment is accelerated, and the original equipment configuration standards can not meet the requirements of current litigation activities for identification work. In addition, the requirements for the number of appraisers and the requirements for funds and residences are not high in the access conditions of institutions, which leads to the emergence of a large number of judicial identification institutions with small scale and general technical conditions. "At the same time, due to the lack of scientific development planning, the number of some types of appraisal institutions is on the high side, while the number of appraisal institutions for some urgent litigation matters is less, and the regional distribution is not balanced. The situation of small, scattered and chaotic institutions cannot be fundamentally changed, which affects and restricts the healthy development of the judicial appraisal industry to a certain extent." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice introduced.

　　In terms of the access of appraisers, the standards for the identification of related majors in the legal access conditions are not very clear, and the professional requirements for appraisers are limited to professional titles, professional qualifications or working experience, resulting in a mixed team of appraisers. "In order to ensure that the appraisal opinions put forward by appraisers are authoritative, objective and scientific, they need certain professional knowledge and practical experience, that is to say, they should be experts in their appraisal business fields." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice said: "In practice, the judicial administrative organs have access to those who meet the statutory conditions, which leads to some appraisers’ professional mismatch, average technical ability and poor sense of responsibility, which affects the quality of appraisal."

　　Judicial expertise management should be refined

　　In 2015, the state delegated the pricing authority of judicial expertise fees to the provincial level, and some places failed to introduce new standards on time. Recently, the Ministry of Justice issued the "Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Judicial Appraisal Fees", which requires that when formulating charging standards, all localities should scientifically and reasonably formulate charging standards for judicial appraisal according to the local economic and social development level and taking into account factors such as appraisal cost and difficulty; It is necessary to strictly standardize and uniformly implement, and study and standardize the setting of the charging standard "downward floating range" to avoid vicious competition among appraisal institutions; Where the local standards for judicial expertise fees have not yet been formulated, they must be completed before the end of June this year.

　　This is a policy response to the topic of "sky-high appraisal fee" In February of this year, Weibo, a lawyer in Sichuan, attracted attention: "A case of Chengdu Intermediate People’s Court needs to be appraised. A fingerprint, two seals and a signature were appraised, and the asking price was 170,000 yuan. The appraisal fee is catching up with the legal fees!" The appraisal fee of more than 170,000 yuan has attracted attention. One controversial point is that the Measures for the Administration of Judicial Appraisal Fees have been abolished, Sichuan has not yet issued local standards, and there is a gap in legal convergence. "This case is a target amount of 30 million, involving three projects. It is not too much to calculate 57,000 for each project alone, but it is not clearly defined whether all three projects in a case are calculated at 57,000." Liu Jianwei said.

　　"At present, the industry management of judicial expertise is still somewhat extensive." Guo Zhaoming, deputy director of the Institute of Forensic Science and Technology Appraisal of China University of Political Science and Law, said that the judicial administration should be more refined, and the judicial administrative department should further tighten the entry threshold for judicial appraisers and appraisal institutions, strengthen the training of professionals, and promote the justice of judicial appraisal through a series of measures.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice said that in view of the problems existing in the access to judicial expertise, the next step is to take measures: First, strictly control the customs, strengthen the role of expert evaluation in the examination and registration work, and refuse to register legal persons or other organizations that do not have the instruments and equipment necessary for the appraisal and the testing laboratories that have passed the metrological certification or laboratory accreditation according to law, as well as personnel with weak professional relevance, unqualified professional skills or deregistered; The second is to refine the access standards, revise and improve the equipment configuration standards of judicial authentication institutions and the classification regulations of judicial authentication practices as soon as possible, and formulate and introduce the standards for the identification of related professions and related work of judicial authenticators, so as to provide a clear basis and reference for the audit and registration work; The third is to strictly implement responsibilities and seriously pursue accountability.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly put forward the requirement of improving the unified judicial expertise management system. At present, in accordance with the requirements of the central authorities, the Ministry of Justice, together with relevant departments, is making every effort to promote and improve the reform of the unified judicial expertise management system and focus on solving the institutional and mechanism problems that affect and restrict the development of the judicial expertise industry. Relevant issues such as access, quality management, charging system and the public welfare nature of judicial authentication institutions, which are of social concern, will be gradually solved in the reform. He said, "The Ministry of Justice will continue to do a good job in the management and quality construction of judicial expertise, vigorously strengthen the supervision of the judicial expertise industry, and strive to promote the healthy development of the judicial expertise industry."