CCTV News:Income distribution is the source of people’s livelihood. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee has made remarkable achievements in deepening the reform of the wage and income distribution system, laying a solid foundation for improving people’s quality of life. However, there is still much room for improvement.

　　Report to the 20th CPC National Congress pointed out that the distribution system should be improved. Adhere to distribution according to work as the main body and coexistence of various modes of distribution, adhere to more work and more income, encourage hard work to get rich, promote fair opportunities, increase the income of low-income people, expand middle-income groups, standardize the income distribution order, and standardize the wealth accumulation mechanism.

　　Employment is the foundation of people’s livelihood. To increase the proportion of residents’ income in national income distribution, the premise is to create more employment opportunities and jobs so that more workers can share the benefits of economic and social development. Zhao Xiaomei, the representative of the 20 th National Congress of Jiujiang, Jiangxi, was deeply touched by this.

　　Linquan Township, De ‘an, Jiangxi, where Zhao Xiaomei is located, used to be a traditional agricultural township. Young people were working outside the home, and the village was seriously hollow. In recent years, Linquan Township has taken advantage of its own resources to actively introduce industries and develop eco-tourism, which has provided many jobs for the surrounding villagers. Many young people like Zhao Xiaomei have returned to their hometowns and have stable jobs.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China’s employment situation has remained generally stable, the scale of urban employment has continued to expand, and the employment structure has been continuously optimized. However, at present and in the future, the pressure of total employment has existed for a long time, and the structural contradiction of difficulty in recruiting workers and employment has become the main contradiction in the employment field.

　　How to solve the employment problem? Report to the 20th CPC National Congress pointed out that implementing the employment priority strategy, strengthening the employment priority policy, improving the employment public service system, strengthening the employment assistance for disadvantaged groups, and eliminating unreasonable restrictions and employment discrimination that affect equal employment, so that everyone has the opportunity to realize their own development through hard work.

　　Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security Minister Zhou Zuyi:How to understand employment priority. First, pay attention to development in the overall layout and create more high-quality jobs through economic growth. Second, pay more attention to increasing human capital investment in factor input, fully develop and utilize human resources and improve the quality of workers. Third, in terms of target orientation, stabilizing and expanding employment is regarded as the priority goal of macro-control. Fourth, when formulating and implementing policies such as fiscal and monetary investment, strengthen support and guidance for stabilizing employment and ensuring employment.

With the rise of the national tide, under the empowerment of the Internet, antiques and cultural relics have not only successfully "broken the circle" through the channel of e-commerce, but also moved from the attention of a few people to the public’s field of vision, and even developed into the next e-commerce category under the wave of live broadcast, creating a literary and entertainment e-commerce "unicorn" with annual sales of 43 billion yuan-micropattern.

Recently, CCTV financial reporters conducted an investigation on the micro-pat hall, and found that buyers often photographed celebrity calligraphy and paintings and even wenwan jewelry at very low prices, and these collections were equipped with appraisal certificates issued by appraisal institutions. The survey found that the goods photographed by consumers at the "missing price" were different from the introduction after identification, which made it difficult for consumers to defend their rights. Although the payment has been refunded, the appraisal fee has to be borne by the consumers themselves. Even, some merchants refused to accept the fake, and the platform said that there was nothing they could do.

In addition to media exposure, the online consumer dispute mediation platform "Dianv Bao" has also received many cases in which users suspect that counterfeit goods choose to return and fall into the dilemma of rights protection, mainly involving platforms such as micro-pat hall, playing with things, and daily treasure. Among them, selling fake goods, defective goods, wrong goods, difficult refund, delayed delivery, unreasonable deduction of store deposits and after-sales problems have become hot complaints.

Chaos 1

Commodity appraisal is "in name only", and it is difficult to guarantee 100% authenticity.

According to CCTV’s financial report, the reporter photographed 380 yuan’s bloodstone seal, 228 yuan Tian Huangshi inkstone and 192 yuan Tian Huangshi ornaments in a shop called "Wu Nian Ming Xuan". However, after testing by Beijing Peking University Gemological Appraisal Center, the article with the nominal bloodstone is actually chlorite imitating bloodstone, the inkstone with the nominal Tian Huangshi is actually dyed chlorite, and the ornaments with the nominal Tian Huangshi are actually dyed talc.

On October 6, 2020, Mr. Pan bought the third set of RMB in the "Micro-Pat Hall" of Hangzhou Micro-Pat Hall Cultural and Creative Co., Ltd., which has been identified as all counterfeit, amounting to 1380 yuan. The store is fraudulent, and the platform is only willing to refund without making any compensation.

In this regard, Meng Huixin, an analyst at the Legal Rights Department of the Network Economic and Social E-Commerce Research Center, said that at present, the supervision based on wenwan e-commerce is relatively loose, and the platform review system is not perfect, so there are frequent incidents of selling fakes, selling fakes and shoddy. Especially for wenwan items, although the platform provides testing and identification services, there are still inaccurate results that cause consumers to receive fake and inferior commodities, which makes it difficult to protect their rights.

Chaos 2

The goods are not in the right slot, and the user is caught in the "refund difficulty"

On December 12, 2019, Mr. Xun of Jilin Province purchased the brave hand-made pieces through the merchant of "Professional Hetian Jade Finished Product Management" on the platform of "playing with things". The merchant promised that the goods were the only seeds of Hetian jade in Xinjiang, which were the works of Zhang Baoguo, a national jade carving master, and supported the national re-inspection. After receiving the goods, Mr. Xun felt that the goods did not match the description of the merchants. After the goods were sent for identification, they were proved to be non-Hetian jade in Xinjiang.

"The goods delivered by merchants do not match the description, which is actually a common phenomenon of’ goods are not right’ in online shopping." In this regard, Meng Huixin mentioned that if consumers purchase the goods clearly described by the merchants and complete the payment, then the merchants should complete the delivery according to the agreement of both parties. If the goods delivered by the merchants are inconsistent with the actual situation, or even other problems occur, they should give consumers the after-sales service they deserve, instead of making consumers fall into the dilemma of "difficult rights protection".

Meng Huixin further analyzed that in view of the difficulty in returning goods, many e-commerce platforms have formulated rules to limit consumers’ returns, such as refusing to return goods for 7 days without reason, deducting handling fees, service fees and appraisal fees, so as to reduce the costs and risks that the platform should bear as an operator. Some merchants even delay the return time of goods by refusing to return parcels, and give consumers a refund, which is unreasonable for consumers.

Chaos 3

The platform privately deducts the seller’s deposit.

Mr. Pei of Shanxi Province auctioned porcelain antiques live on the micro-auction hall trading platform, and a blue-and-white porcelain powder box of Kangxi period in Qing Dynasty returned from abroad was photographed by customers. On October 3, 2020, after receiving the goods, the buyer thought it was an imitation, applied to the platform for "refund only, no return", and then asked to identify the goods, which immediately received a positive response from the micro-pat hall.

On October 22nd, the micro-pat hall sent Mr. Pei the final appraisal and handling results: selling counterfeit imitations, closing the store for 14 days, and imposing a fine of 3,000 yuan, as well as the appraisal fee of 150 yuan and the inspection fee of 25 yuan; And told the buyer that the blue-and-white porcelain with a transaction price of 1552 yuan "does not need to be returned". Mr. Pei complained that the so-called "Jian Zhen Pavilion" of the micro-pat hall platform did not have the qualification to identify ceramic porcelain or did not have this business. After fooling and deceiving the seller in such a perfunctory way, the platform was fined several thousand yuan, the buyer got an antique for nothing, and the seller lost both money and goods.

Suggestion > > >

Standardization is the "foothold" of wenwan e-commerce

Meng Huixin said that in the era when everything can be e-commerce, the "stall economy" that used to exist in the antique market has also become a "cloud tour" literary play, but the inherent ills such as fishy eyes and fake goods still exist.

Since wenwan e-commerce is mostly carried out in three links: "live broadcast+auction+appraisal", it is easy for merchants to "fish in troubled waters" to raise prices, so that consumers who sincerely buy them mistakenly think that they are "missing", but in fact they have already secretly marked the price.

At the same time, counterfeit goods have also given birth to the demand for identification. The identification itself is to distinguish between true and false, but the opposite result has appeared, indicating that the platform is incomplete and irregular in terms of identification standards and appraisers’ qualifications. Therefore, it can be said that standardization is the "foothold" of wenwan e-commerce. "Fake the truth" is still the pain point of the whole wenwan e-commerce. Driven by huge profits, many fake and shoddy goods are mixed in it. Then, for the platform, it needs to spend more cost and technology to realize it, standardize the platform merchants and ensure that the interests of consumers are not infringed.

Upstream News-chongqing morning post reporter Yang Ye

[Disclaimer] The texts, pictures, audio and video that are not marked with "Source: Upstream News-chongqing morning post" or "Upstream News LOGO" on the upstream news client are all reposted. If the reposted manuscript involves copyright issues, please contact the upstream news.

() The business review of the Board of Directors in 2022 is as follows:

　　I. The industry in which the company is located during the reporting period.

(a) the basic situation of the company’s industry

According to the classification standard of National Economic Industry Classification issued by the National Bureau of Statistics, the company’s industry belongs to the sub-industry of medical diagnosis, monitoring and treatment equipment manufacturing under the item of "medical instruments and equipment manufacturing" in the 35th category of "professional equipment manufacturing". According to China Securities Regulatory Commission’s Guidelines for Industry Classification of Listed Companies (revised in 2012), the company belongs to the special equipment manufacturing industry (classification code: C35).

Medical devices are closely related to human life and health. Within the scope of conditions, patients naturally tend to get better medical services. In order to improve the efficiency and effect of examination, surgery and treatment, doctors are more willing to accept more advanced, safer and more effective medical devices. Therefore, with the development of the global economy, the technical level, types and coverage departments of medical devices are constantly improving, and the market scale of medical device industry is constantly expanding. The market scale of medical device industry in various countries is positively related to the level of economic development.

(2) The development stage of the industry in which the company is located

At present, the company’s products are mainly ultrasonic diagnostic instruments and electronic endoscopes, and their application fields and industry development are quite different:

1. Ultrasonic diagnostic instrument

From a global perspective, ultrasound is a relatively mature basic diagnostic medical equipment, and its industry growth is relatively stable. Compared with CT, MRI and X-ray machines, ultrasound, as one of the four major medical imaging equipment, has many advantages, such as no radiation, real-time scanning, simple operation, high safety factor, fast examination results and high cost performance, and has a huge number of installed in terminal medical institutions. There are many ultrasonic manufacturers in the world, and the ultrasonic brands in developed areas in Europe and America are strong. The company’s ultrasonic business has experienced more than ten years of development overseas, and a relatively complete marketing network channel has been established. In recent years, overseas ultrasonic income has been the same as that in China, maintaining a steady growth trend; In China, after decades of development, the penetration rate of ultrasound products in China is relatively high, and the domestic ultrasound equipment market has reached a mature stage, which belongs to a relatively stable growth stage. The future market growth mainly comes from the equipment iteration in the stock market, as well as the demand brought by the expansion of new hospitals or new departments brought about by policies such as graded diagnosis and treatment and new medical infrastructure. In addition, in recent years, domestic governments at all levels have successively issued relevant policies such as advocating independent control of high-end medical equipment and encouraging the purchase of domestic equipment, which has a positive impact on the import substitution process of domestic high-end ultrasound.

2. Medical electronic endoscope

Endoscope is a commonly used medical instrument in clinic, which can usually be divided into hard mirror and soft mirror. Soft endoscope is the "gold standard" for early screening of digestive tract cancer. It goes deep into the body from the natural cavity of human body, and it needs to have certain flexibility, long photoelectric signal transmission distance, small diameter of the insertion part of the endoscope, rich functional integration, higher requirements for design technology and manufacturing technology, and higher technical barriers. Its products include gastroscope, colonoscopy, bronchoscope, etc., and are widely used in departments such as gastroenterology, respiratory department, otolaryngology and so on. Hard mirror is widely used in minimally invasive surgery, which refers to the way of completing treatment through small incision. Compared with open surgery, minimally invasive surgery under hard mirror has the advantages of small wound, less bleeding, less pain and faster recovery. Hard mirrors mainly include laparoscopy, thoracoscopy and arthroscopy, which are widely used in general surgery, thoracic surgery, urology and other departments.

Minimally invasive diagnosis and treatment under endoscope is one of the most important development directions of modern medicine. Whether it is a soft mirror mainly used for diagnosis and screening or a hard mirror mainly used for surgery, it has clear clinical value. According to Frost & Sullivan’s forecast, the global medical endoscope market will maintain a compound growth rate of 7.1% from 2020 to 2025, and it is expected to reach $28.6 billion in 2025. Compared with Europe, America, Japan and other developed regions, there is a big gap in the development rate of endoscopic diagnosis and treatment of digestive tract and the penetration rate of minimally invasive surgery in China. Due to eating habits and other reasons, China is a region with high incidence of digestive system diseases. Gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer and other digestive system tumors account for nearly half of the top ten high-incidence cancers in China. Malignant tumors of digestive system have the characteristics of slow development process and long window for early screening. Early detection and early diagnosis and treatment of tumors through soft mirror biopsy can effectively improve the survival rate of digestive system diseases. It has become an industry consensus to promote early screening of digestive system tumors nationwide. Hard mirrors are mainly used in general surgery in hospitals, among which laparoscopic surgery is the most widely used, and gradually extended to more and more departments such as urology, thoracic surgery, gynecology and orthopedics. In the future, the domestic hard mirror market is expected to meet the demand growth with the popularization of different departments.

(III) The position of the company in the industry

"Setting a precedent in the industry and establishing a national brand" is the origin of the company’s name. As an excellent national medical device enterprise, the company has always been committed to researching and developing high-end medical devices with independent intellectual property rights and world-leading technical level, contributing to the rise of domestic medical devices. After years of development, the company has established a strong competitive advantage and a leading position in the international medical equipment market, and has strong brand influence and core competitiveness in the fields of ultrasound and endoscopy, and gradually emerged in the fields of surgery and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS).

(1) Ultrasonic products

The company is an enterprise that developed and mastered the core technology of color ultrasound equipment and probe earlier in China. Color ultrasound technology is in a leading position in the same industry in China, and the company’s ultrasound products are outstanding in the market. The company has more than 200 invention patents and appearance patents in the field of ultrasound, as well as hundreds of software copyrights, some of which were awarded the China Patent Excellence Award by China National Intellectual Property Administration. The company has also undertaken a number of national, provincial and municipal technical research projects, and has a profound technical accumulation and a good technical leading edge in the entire ultrasound industry.

The ultrasonic products developed and produced by the company have covered the needs of high-end, mid-end, low-end and other multi-level users, meeting the clinical application needs in the fields of whole body, obstetrics and gynecology and intervention. The self-developed ultrasonic probe has the technical characteristics of high density, high sensitivity and ultra-wide band, especially in the field of single crystal probe, which is at the international advanced level. At present, there are the most abundant types of ultrasonic probes from domestic ultrasonic equipment manufacturers, including linear array, convex array, phased array, volume probe, transesophageal probe, intraoperative probe, laparoscopic probe, etc. All types are independently developed, and the clinical application covers all organs of the human body, providing the support of comprehensive clinical solutions.

The S60 and P60 series of high-end color Doppler ultrasound products launched in recent three years have been highly recognized by experts in 3A hospitals with their excellent image quality, concise operation flow, accurate intelligent identification, rich probe configuration and rich clinical solutions for multiple departments, and their clinical performance in obstetrics and gynecology has a certain competitive advantage compared with that of imported obstetrics and gynecology special machines of the same grade. In 2021, color Doppler X5 was opened as the first domestic medical imaging equipment in Tianhe core cabin, which played an important role in astronaut medical security and aerospace medical research. In 2022, the fourth-generation artificial intelligence prenatal ultrasound screening technology, Cheng’s-Fetus 4.0, was released. This technology is the world’s first artificial intelligence technology based on dynamic images to automatically capture standard sections, which effectively improves the efficiency of doctors’ obstetric screening, and has been highly appreciated by many experts in the field of obstetrics and gynecology in China, further enhancing the competitiveness of high-end ultrasound obstetrics and gynecology, and is in a leading position at home and abroad.

The company has continuously increased its investment and innovation in the ultrasound field. In December 2022, the intravascular ultrasound diagnostic equipment independently developed by Kaikai Medical and the disposable intravascular ultrasound diagnostic catheter independently developed by Shanghai Aisheng, a wholly-owned subsidiary of the company, successfully obtained the third-class medical device registration certificate issued by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA). The company has become the only high-tech enterprise among domestic ultrasound manufacturers that has both R&D and production of covered desktop ultrasound, portable ultrasound and intravascular ultrasound.

At present, the company’s ultrasonic products have become the backbone of the ultrasonic diagnostic equipment market. In foreign markets, the company has taken the lead in entering the European and American markets with high barriers, and its product range has rapidly extended from the low-end to the middle and high-end, and it has continued to exert its strength in the middle and high-end markets, and its international competitiveness has rapidly increased, and its coverage in the domestic market, including the high-end markets of 3A hospitals, has been continuously improved. The company is further laying out the research and development of higher-end products. In December 2022, the company’s brand-new ultra-high-end ultrasonic platform has obtained CE(MDR) registration certificate, which is expected to further increase the market competitiveness and brand influence of domestic ultrasonic equipment and companies after listing, and is expected to further expand the market share.

(2) Endoscope products: As a leading enterprise in the field of domestic digestive soft mirrors, the company produces endoscope series including HD350, HD400, HD500, HD550, X-2200, etc., covering the high, medium and low-end markets of soft mirrors in an all-round way. In 2019, the multispectral imaging technology (SFI) was introduced, and the combination of SFI and VIST with HD-550 system provided a complete solution for the early diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Combined with multi-wavelength LED light sources VLS-50 series, VLS-55 series, electronic circular scanning ultrasonic endoscope EG-UR5 and electronic fan scanning ultrasonic endoscope EG-UC5T, the company’s competitiveness in the high-end market of electronic endoscope is further enhanced. At the same time, the company’s soft endoscope types are also constantly enriched. In the Department of Gastroenterology, the domestic ultra-fine electronic gastrointestinal endoscope, optical magnifying electronic gastrointestinal endoscope and electronic colonoscopy with adjustable stiffness are first introduced. The high-definition electronic bronchoscope in respiratory department has been recognized by experts in the third-class hospitals in clinical use, and its performance is equivalent to that of imported products. In the field of hard mirrors, the company has successively launched SV-M2K30, SV-M4K30 and SV-M4K40. Combined with the opening of laparoscopic ultrasound system, the joint solution of hard mirrors and ultrasound provided by the company will become the company’s unique competitive advantage in the field of hard mirrors. Surgical hard mirrors are independently developed and processed to provide users with high-quality domestic hard mirrors.

II. Main businesses of the Company during the reporting period

The company shall comply with the disclosure requirements of "medical device business" in the Guidelines for Self-regulatory Supervision of Listed Companies of Shenzhen Stock Exchange No.4-Information Disclosure of Growth Enterprise Market Industry.

(a) the company’s main business and product introduction

The company’s main business is independent research and development, production and sales of medical diagnosis and treatment equipment. The main products include medical ultrasonic diagnostic equipment, medical electronic endoscope equipment and consumables. The company has always been customer-oriented and committed to providing quality products and services to medical institutions around the world.

Ultrasonic equipment field: based on independent research and development and technological innovation, the company is an early enterprise in China that has developed and comprehensively mastered the core technologies of color ultrasound host and probe. At present, it has mastered the architecture platform and a number of core key technologies of ultrasonic host in different application directions. The architecture platform includes multi-channel hardware platform, low-power ultrasonic imaging technology platform, embedded software platform and rapid imaging technology platform, and has mastered and matured many key technologies. Including digital multi-beam forming technology, ultra-micro blood flow imaging and high-resolution blood flow imaging technology, high-definition 4D imaging and rendering imaging technology, contrast imaging technology, elastic imaging technology, fusion imaging technology, image quantitative analysis technology, AI image intelligent identification and measurement technology, remote consultation and so on. In the aspect of ultrasonic transducer, it has broadband single crystal probe technology, broadband composite probe technology, UHF probe technology and special application probe technology, etc., and the related technology is in the leading position in China.

In terms of high-end desktop ultrasound, the company has successively launched S60 and P60 series of high-end color Doppler ultrasound in recent years, becoming one of the few domestic manufacturers to launch high-end color Doppler ultrasound, making continuous breakthroughs in obstetrics and gynecology and whole-body application, and the installed capacity of 3A hospitals has been continuously improved. In 2022, the fourth-generation artificial intelligence prenatal ultrasound screening technology, Cheng’s-Fetus 4.0, was released, which is the world’s first artificial intelligence technology based on dynamic images to automatically capture standard sections, enhancing the competitiveness and technical advantages of high-end ultrasound obstetrics and gynecology. After years of technical research and development, the company obtained CE(MDR) registration certificate for a new generation of ultra-high-end color ultrasound platform in December 2022, and the company officially entered the ultra-high-end ultrasound field.

The company has mid-and low-end desktop ultrasound covering different application scenarios, such as P40/P20/ P20 Elite series, P21E Lite/P10 series, and portable ultrasound including X/E series and S9 series. The application scenarios cover the mid-to-high-end and low-end portable markets. In 2021, color Doppler X5 was opened as the first domestic medical imaging equipment in Tianhe core cabin, which played an important role in astronaut medical security and aerospace medical research.

Through a large amount of R&D investment and continuous technological breakthroughs, in December 2022, the company successfully obtained the third-class medical device registration certificate issued by National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) by opening an intravascular ultrasound diagnostic device independently developed by Medical and a disposable intravascular ultrasound diagnostic catheter independently developed by Shanghai Aisheng, a wholly-owned medical subsidiary, and officially entered the cardiovascular professional field. At the same time, in the field of veterinary ultrasound application, the company released a professional veterinary ultrasound ProPet series in 2022 to further expand the market scope of ultrasound products.

After more than 20 years of research and development and technical breakthrough, the company’s ultrasound products have formed complete high, medium and low product grades at the level of ultrasound products, and the clinical solutions cover a more comprehensive product pattern.

Endoscope field: Through in-depth development of core technologies, the company has introduced full HD digestive tract endoscope soft mirror system, three-chip 2k hard mirror, 4k hard mirror, 4K fluorescent hard mirror and other products. At present, it has many advanced endoscope technologies and technologies, such as the spectral imaging technology (SFI), photoelectric composite dyeing imaging (VIST), multi-wavelength LED light source with high brightness and high color rendering index, design and adjustment of micro-optical imaging module, long-distance transmission of high-speed broadband video signal, high-definition real-time image processing technology, high-performance mirror manufacturing, ultrasonic probe for endoscope, soft mirror manufacturing, hard mirror manufacturing and auto-focusing hard mirror camera module. HD-550 series HD endoscopes independently developed by the company are widely recognized by clinicians and represent the leading level of domestic endoscopes at present. In the field of high-end mirrors, breakthroughs in optical magnifying endoscope, ultra-fine endoscope and adjustable stiffness endoscope have been achieved, filling the domestic gap.

After years of efforts, the company’s product line has gradually expanded from internal medicine to "internal medicine+surgery", from diagnosis to "diagnosis+treatment" and from equipment to "equipment+consumables", and the multi-product strategy has taken shape.

(2) The company’s business model

1. Profit model: The Company is a manufacturer that independently develops, produces and sells medical device products and provides professional after-sales service; The company mainly obtains sales income by selling medical diagnostic equipment and related accessories. The company’s profit mainly comes from the difference between sales income and production costs and expenses and after-sales service income.

2. Sales mode: The company’s sales mode includes two modes: distribution and direct sales. Among them, the distribution mode means that the company sells the products to the dealers outright, and the dealers then sell the products to the end customers; In recent years, the number and quality of the company’s dealers have been continuously improved, and the coverage and penetration of the market have been continuously increased. Direct selling mode refers to the company selling products directly to end customers, mainly referring to the government bidding and sales to large chain medical groups that the company directly participates in. In order to improve the market coverage and quickly promote the company’s products to expand into a broader market, the company currently adopts the sales model of "combining distribution and direct sales, with distribution as the main and direct sales as the auxiliary", on the one hand, it strengthens the construction of the company’s own professional sales team, and at the same time, it rapidly develops professional agents and channels with strong regional sales capabilities in various product lines.

3. Production mode: Some parts of the company (such as electronic components and display screens) are directly purchased, some customized parts (such as structural parts) are outsourced according to the company’s design drawings, and some key parts (such as color ultrasound probes and endoscope bodies) are produced independently, and then single board testing, whole machine assembly, quality inspection and delivery are carried out in the company. As for the specific production arrangement, the production plan is made according to the rolling sales forecast data provided by the marketing system in the medium and long term, and the reasonable product buffer inventory is made according to the previous sales outbound data. In the short term, the order-based production mode is adopted for different models with different configurations on different platforms to improve the inventory turnover rate.

4. R&D mode: In order to continuously expand the company’s operating efficiency and improve the overall work efficiency, the company has carried out in-depth management reform and dynamic optimization in business management and product management (strategic planning, product planning and investment decision), integrated product development (development process, technical reserve, CBB shelf construction) and human resources system (rank system construction, performance management and salary incentive). Including the introduction of high-end talents required for the pre-research of cutting-edge technologies, the introduction of more advanced methods and tools in the industry, and the construction of technology platforms vigorously promoted by the company in recent years, to help realize high-quality and stable output of products and rapid response to market demand, and at the same time improve the company’s investment efficiency and increase the company’s core competitiveness. Specifically, it includes the following three solutions:

(1) Strengthen the construction of product planning and project approval team, and establish a perfect and layered strategy and market system. Under the dual drive of market and technology, we should strengthen the ability of product planning, improve the ability of market demand analysis, and ensure customer-centered product delivery through a reasonable and efficient management system.

(2) Break the original functional organization and establish and improve the management organization (product line) through organizational structure optimization and integrated development and management reform. Through the project R&D team with the project manager, system engineer and product manager as the core, the company sets up R&D teams with resources in different business directions, including cross-departmental development teams such as marketing, R&D, procurement, production, logistics, service, sales, quality and finance, so as to ensure that the product development process is controllable, the product quality is reliable and the product functions are consistent with customer needs.

(3) The company establishes a hierarchical decision-making mechanism, and an efficient decision-making mechanism can help improve the efficiency of product development and maximize the return on product investment.

5. Procurement mode: The company’s main procurement modes include general procurement mode and outsourcing procurement mode. According to the sales forecast, production plan and raw material inventory, the company selects suppliers from qualified suppliers to purchase raw materials and components. For customized outsourcing parts, the company provides technical design scheme, selects qualified outsourcing manufacturers for production and completes procurement. The company has established a complete supplier management and access mechanism.

During the reporting period, the company’s main business and business model have not changed.

Third, the core competitiveness analysis

1. R&D capability

The company attaches great importance to the research and development of technologies and products with independent intellectual property rights. The total number of R&D personnel is 631, of which master’s degree or above accounts for more than 40%. It has a number of leading R&D talents, such as thousands of national young people, leading talents in scientific and technological innovation in Guangdong Province and high-level talents in Shenzhen, and has presided over a number of key scientific and technological research projects such as the key R&D plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology and key technical research projects in Shenzhen.

By the end of the reporting period, the company and its subsidiaries have owned 768 domestic and foreign invention patents, utility model patents and design patents, 240 software copyrights and 17 works copyrights, and the product technology has reached the domestic leading and international advanced level. The company has been recognized as a "national high-tech enterprise" since 2009, and passed the review again in 2020, and was included in the "key software enterprises in the national planning layout". In 2016, 2017 and 2020, the company won the China Patent Excellence Award awarded by China National Intellectual Property Administration for three times, covering the fields of ultrasound and endoscopy respectively. In recent years, the company’s products have been recognized by relevant national units, and ultrasound, endoscopy and in-vitro diagnosis products have been selected into the catalogue of many batches of excellent domestic medical equipment products.

Besides the R&D center of Shenzhen headquarters, the company also has the R&D center of Silicon Valley (Sonowise), Bioprobe (Bioprobe), Tokyo R&D Center (opened in Japan), Shanghai R&D Center (Shanghai Aisheng), Harbin R&D Center (opened in Harbin) and Wuhan R&D Center (opened in Wuhan), which includes the next-generation ultrasound system, high-performance probe, high-definition endoscope, ultrasonic endoscope and intravascular ultrasound.

In addition, the company attaches great importance to the continuous investment in R&D expenses and continuously strengthens the financial support for the company’s R&D and product strategy. In 2020, 2021 and 2022, the R&D expenditure of the company was RMB 237,419,400, RMB 263,058,800 and RMB 328,957,700 respectively, accounting for 20.41%, 18.21% and 18.66% of the company’s operating income respectively. The company firmly believes that in the competition of high-end medical devices in the future, only by continuously investing heavily in R&D and deeply cultivating in its own fields can the company continue to introduce high-end products and ensure its long-term competitiveness.

In terms of ultrasonic products, the company grasps the probe core technologies including broadband single crystal probe technology, broadband composite probe technology, UHF probe technology and special application probe technology, and grasps the ultrasonic host architecture platform including multi-channel hardware platform, low-power ultrasonic imaging technology platform, embedded software platform and rapid imaging technology platform. The key technologies of ultrasonic mainframe that have been mastered and matured include digital multi-beam forming technology, ultra-micro blood flow imaging and high-resolution blood flow imaging technology, high-definition 4D imaging and rendering imaging technology, contrast imaging technology, elastic imaging technology, fusion imaging, image quantitative analysis technology, AI image intelligent identification and measurement technology, remote consultation and so on. And the core technologies related to endoscope, such as optical technology, mirror design, precision machinery, image restoration, image enhancement and real-time image processing, have the ability to develop serial products. In the past three years, the company has made continuous efforts in the research and development of ultra-high-end, high-end and low-end platforms, and has launched high-end product series such as S60 and P60, and based on the high-end product platform, it has derived small product series such as P50, P40, P20, P20 Elite, P12 Elite and P10, providing complete product series for different users. In December, 2022, a new generation of ultra-high-end color Doppler ultrasound platform obtained CE(MDR) registration certificate, and the company officially entered the field of ultra-high-end ultrasound. At the same time, the company released a series of professional veterinary ultrasound ProPet in 2022, further expanding the market scope of ultrasound products.

The company’s high-end products have small body, good ergonomic design and excellent operation flow design concept, and are equipped with high-end functions such as HD 4D, flexibility, radiography, automatic identification and automatic measurement, providing comprehensive solutions for different clinical departments. In terms of portable computers, the X series of notebook color Doppler ultrasound and the E series of portable color Doppler ultrasound are introduced, with high-definition display screens, which have the advantages of clear images, small size, light weight, long battery life and so on. The products are quickly delivered after launch, showing strong market competitiveness. In 2021, the company’s portable color Doppler X5 was stationed in China Space Station. As the only ultrasonic equipment company selected in China, it was a further breakthrough in the ultrasonic field of the company’s ultrasonic products and a deep recognition of product quality.

Ultrasonic probe technology is one of the core technologies that determine the performance of ultrasonic system. Relying on independent research and development, after more than 10 years of efforts, the company has owned a number of invention patents at home and abroad in probe technology. At present, the company’s color ultrasound probe technology (such as broadband single crystal probe technology, broadband composite probe technology, high-frequency phased array technology, transesophageal probe technology, ultrasonic endoscope probe technology, biplane probe technology, 4D probe technology, laparoscopic probe, intraoperative probe, etc.) is in a leading position in China. The company produces more than 60 models of medical ultrasonic probes, which have the characteristics of high density, high sensitivity and wide frequency band, and the clinical application basically covers all parts and organs of the human body. In today’s ultrasonic field, the highest-end single crystal probe technology, the company has reached the international first-class level, providing the core technical guarantee for the advanced performance of the whole system.

Soft mirror and hard mirror products: Relying on independent research and development, the endoscope company has accumulated rich experience in the research and development of core technologies such as miniaturization design and assembly of high-definition optical imaging module, precision mechanical design and assembly of high-performance electronic endoscope body, high-speed data long-distance transmission and high-speed image processing. At present, it has many advanced endoscope technologies and processes, such as spectral imaging technology (SFI), photoelectric composite dyeing imaging (VIST), high-definition real-time image processing technology, optical micro-module packaging, high-performance mirror body manufacturing, ultrasonic probe for endoscope, soft mirror body manufacturing, etc., which makes the electronic endoscope product technology at the leading level in China. In 2016, the company launched the first domestic high-definition electronic endoscope system HD-500, which was widely recognized by the market. In 2018, the first HD-550 system equipped with iEndo intelligent platform was launched, and the company’s competitiveness in the high-end market of electronic endoscopes was further enhanced. Based on the technical accumulation of soft endoscope imaging technology, the company quickly entered the field of hard mirrors, and successively listed three-chip 2k hard mirrors, 4k hard mirror systems, 4K fluorescent hard mirror systems and other products, with good clinical feedback and good sales growth trend at present.

Intravascular ultrasound: In December, 2022, National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) successfully issued the third-class medical device registration certificate, and the company officially entered the cardiovascular professional field. Kaicheng Medical has become the only high-tech enterprise among domestic ultrasound manufacturers that has the ability to develop and produce desktop ultrasound, portable ultrasound and intravascular ultrasound.

2. Talent team

The medical device industry has a high demand for talents, and the company has always attached importance to the construction of talent team since its establishment. By the end of 2022, the company and its subsidiaries had 631 R&D personnel, accounting for 27.04% of the company’s total employees. The company’s R&D personnel are distributed in ultrasonic imaging system and clinical application, endoscopic imaging system and clinical application, endoscope body, ultrasonic array transducer, modeling and instrument structure, process technology, in-vitro diagnosis and other fields, and are responsible for product development and management. At the same time, the company has a number of domestic experts in the field of ultrasound and endoscopy. R&D personnel have a complete organizational structure and perfect functions, and have been able to operate systematically and well.

At present, the company has established a professional sales team with a marketing network covering nearly 130 countries and regions around the world, which has advantages in global brand promotion and dealer training. The company’s talent team has been motivated through the employee stock ownership platform before listing, and continues to be motivated through restricted stocks after listing, and the company’s talent team remains stable.

In addition, the company has an experienced and complementary senior management team. The current senior managers are all graduated from domestic first-class universities, and have long-term management experience in medical device manufacturing enterprises and working experience in medical device industry; The management team of the company has accumulated rich experience in technology research and development, production management and marketing in the medical device industry. A considerable number of high-end talents introduced by managers for the head enterprises of the industry can make corresponding business plans based on the actual situation of the enterprise, the development trend of the industry and the market demand, and achieve business goals through strong management measures.

3. Advanced quality management

Adhering to the quality policy of "innovative technology, scientific management, providing industry model products and services for the medical device market with excellent quality" and adhering to total quality management (TQC), the company has continuously optimized a series of complete, legal and effective quality management systems, including: ISO 9001 idt GB/T19001, ISO13485 idt YY/T0287 quality management systems; The United States, Canada, Australia, Brazil, and Japan jointly promoted the quality system of medical device single audit scheme (MDSAP); IECQ QC080000 hazardous substance process management system; Regulations and system requirements of other target markets, and have obtained relevant certification certificates issued by TUV Rheinland, CMD Beijing Huaguang and SGS Tongbiao; It ensures the continuous safety and effectiveness of the company’s products, and the product quality has been widely recognized by the target market. The products have obtained the product access certification of China NMPA, US FDA, EU CE and other target markets. In 2022, the first domestic electronic duodenal endoscope (ED-5GT) developed by the company was registered and listed in NMPA, China. Intravascular ultrasound diagnostic equipment V10 for ultrasound imaging examination of coronary intravascular lesions was registered and listed in NMPA, China, and the disposable intravascular ultrasound diagnostic catheter (TJ001) used with it was registered and listed in NMPA, China by its subsidiary Shanghai Aisheng. Insufflator SF-N/H series is registered and listed in NMPA, China, which enriches the company’s laparoscopic products and surgical peripheral equipment.Products are more complete; Many products of the company have obtained CE(MDR) certificates issued by TUV Rheinland, the EU’s announcement agency.

4. Marketing network

In terms of overseas marketing, the company has maintained strong business investment and localization capacity building in the past few years. The company has accumulated a lot of money and grasped the market opportunity of medical demand recovery. Coupled with the series of new products listed and mass-produced in 2022, the company’s overseas business scale.

And the brand influence continues to expand, specifically: 1) The company’s portable ultrasound E series and X series have been widely praised by end users, and they have been extended to more developed countries and high-end hospitals through shelter hospitals and emergency procurement, which has further expanded the market space, user groups and applicable departments of related products, which has favorably guaranteed the sustained and steady growth of the company’s sales; 2) With the global release of the company’s artificial intelligence prenatal ultrasound screening technology "Fengyan S-Fetus", the company further set off an international upsurge in high-end intelligent ultrasound products and won unanimous praise from experts and users. The S60, P60 and Elite series products loaded with "Feng-Yan S-Fetus" have gained further recognition and positive feedback among middle and high-end users, and the sales have achieved rapid growth year-on-year, further consolidating the strength of the company to break through the high-end overseas ultrasonic market; 3) Relying on the company’s long-term brand accumulation in the ultrasound field and the gradual enrichment of the company’s high-end series of intelligent ultrasound products, the company actively grasped the market opportunities in overseas developed countries such as the United States and Germany, and achieved rapid growth in the European and American markets by deepening the construction of localized subsidiaries, expanding the scale of localized teams, and rapidly introducing new intelligent ultrasound products, realizing the rapid expansion of the installed base of core customers such as hospitals with medium or above scale, accumulating experience and laying a foundation for the company’s ultrasound business to enter the mainstream markets of developed countries with broad market space; 4) After years of accumulation, investment and development,With the continuous enrichment of endoscopic products and the firm support of the company for end users and channel partners in the past few years, the overseas marketing network of endoscopes has been continuously improved in quantity and quality, the number of professional endoscopic channels has been increasing, and the capacity and scale of core channels have also achieved rapid growth. Based on this, the company’s endoscopic business has achieved rapid growth overseas. In more and more countries, it has achieved the situation that brand awareness and market share are three-thirds that of Japanese brands, which greatly enhanced the market position and recognition of China’s endoscope products overseas, and provided a solid foundation for the further development of the company’s endoscope business overseas; 5) With the successive certification of circular array ultrasonic endoscope and linear array ultrasonic endoscope products, it has become the fourth manufacturer in the world and the only one in China that can provide the most advanced ultrasonic endoscope system (EUS) representing the industry. After full clinical trial in the early stage, the company’s ultrasonic endoscope products have won unanimous praise from overseas experts and users. In the first year of mass production, it has been sold and installed in about 20 overseas countries, and has obtained positive feedback on its use, which has provided continuous business for the subsequent ultrasonic endoscope products. 6) With the help of the company’s continuous rich endoscopic product solutions and the addition of high-end products such as ultrasonic endoscopic products, the company actively promotes academic global interaction while promoting products to the sea.Into mirror & Dialogue, a self-owned academic series dedicated to providing communication, discussion and cooperation platforms for endoscopists at home and abroad, has been continuously carried out in countries along the Belt and Road, which has promoted the overseas communication of China medical technology and China endoscopists, enhanced the academic popularity of the company’s brand among overseas experts and opinion leaders, and provided a foundation for the company’s follow-up promotion of high-end products and therapeutic products; 7) With the gradual installation of 2K HD hard mirror system, the listing and promotion of 4K ultra HD hard mirror system, and the installation of ultra-abdominal joint solution in overseas model hospitals, and relying on the high starting point performance and quality of related hard mirror products, the company has made rapid development in the surgical field, realized large-scale sales, and initially established a professional team and professional channel network needed for the sustainable development of surgical products in overseas markets, providing a driving force for the company’s business in the vast surgical market; 8) With the release of ProPet, a special ultrasonic product for animals, and the appearance of V-2000, a special endoscopic product for animals, the company has formed a comprehensive veterinary product solution, and the related products, relying on excellent performance and specialized and customized design for animal medical treatment, have received strong attention and positive feedback from relevant users as soon as they came out overseas. As a global emerging market, the vast space of the veterinary market is

The company’s veterinary product solutions provide great potential business opportunities, and also provide a new growth curve for the company’s sustained growth; 9) Relying on the company’s continuous management improvement and efficiency improvement plan, the overseas subsidiaries and service centers opened by the company in many places around the world have further improved their management level and management awareness, honed the mechanism of customer-centered, rapid response and joint cooperation between China and foreign countries, and formed a more efficient management system and landing mechanism in overseas markets, which provided a foundation for the efficient operation of the company’s business overseas.

In domestic marketing, with the deepening of domestic substitution policy, more and more medical institutions prefer to purchase domestic equipment, which provides a good development environment for domestic medical device industry. Driven by policies and funds such as special medical funds issued by local governments, subsidized loans from the central government, the construction of shelter hospitals, and DRG charging according to diseases, it has made important positive contributions to the growth of the domestic market. During the reporting period, the admission rate of equipment in the domestic market reached the highest in the past years, and the credibility of clients was improved. The main manifestations are as follows: 1) Through the continuous high-end technology and clinical application of ultrasound products and endoscope products, the company has accelerated the realization of high-end breakthroughs in clinical departments such as ultrasound department, endoscopy center, emergency department, ICU, surgery and operating room, and the proportion of secondary and tertiary hospitals in domestic marketing revenue has increased year after year. 2) By strengthening process management, deepening market coverage and customer segmentation, not only regular orders have a good growth rate, but also more orders for new infrastructure and discount items have been obtained. 3) The company has a certain brand effect in the ultrasound and endoscope industries. By grasping the construction of multi-level channels, breeding high-quality agents, in-depth training of core agents and other measures, the penetration promotion rate of medical institutions at all levels and customers’ awareness of the company’s brand have been improved, achieving all-round growth in various market segments; 4）Through high-end GI color ultrasound, high-end obstetric color ultrasound, high-end gastrointestinal endoscopy, high-definition laparoscopy, the only domestic ultrasound endoscope, intravascular ultrasound, dozens of high-end probes, high-end mirrors and the industry’s leading obstetric intelligence and stiffness-adjustable endoscope, an extremely rich product category has been formed. High-end products have not only been more widely recognized in large public hospitals, but the advantages of multi-product lines have been improved year by year, and high-end products have been realized. With the help of rich product solutions covering high, medium and low end, the company’s products have achieved good development in all levels of markets, especially in the fields of medical shortcomings, physical examination screening health concerns, hospital construction, reconstruction and expansion, and centralized procurement at provincial and municipal levels. 5) The company always pays attention to the after-sales service for end customers, gradually sets up a spare parts warehouse in the branch, and continuously optimizes the network maintenance center in order to provide more effective and faster services for local customers and channels. The company has a clear process of pre-sale, in-sale and after-sale support, and has accumulated rich customer service experience. While continuously introducing ingenious products to the market, it meets customer needs, improves customer satisfaction, actively handles customer complaints, ensures customer information security, and improves customer repeat purchase rate; 6) The domestic marketing system not only focuses on business development, but also gradually improves the internal incentive mechanism, training mechanism and promotion mechanism, establishes a competitive salary system in the industry, and enhances the cohesion and stability of employees. 7) continuously increase the construction of information systems, simplify processes, improve the system of responsibilities and rights, and improve organizational efficiency.Promote the rapid growth of the team and provide a broader space for the training and exchange of team talents.

Fourth, the main business analysis

1. Overview

In 2022, the company’s domestic and international business achieved good growth, and the effect of "ultrasound+endoscope" two-wheel drive appeared, and the company’s income and profit scale reached a new level. The ultrasound business continued to grow steadily, the endoscope preparation business continued to achieve high growth, and the soft mirror business remained the industry leader. Through continuous cultivation in the fields of ultrasound and endoscopy and continuous introduction of new products, the company has gradually developed into a multi-product line and high-end medical device industry group covering "diagnosis+treatment", "internal medicine+surgery" and "equipment+consumables". During the reporting period, the company achieved an operating income of 1,762,649,000 yuan, an increase of 22.02% over the same period of last year; The operating profit was 382,428,300 yuan, an increase of 77.33% over the same period of last year; The total profit was 381,942,400 yuan, an increase of 50.25% over the same period of last year; The net profit attributable to shareholders of listed companies was 369,811,700 yuan, an increase of 49.57% over the same period of last year.

(1) R&D management and scientific and technological achievements

During the reporting period, the company continued to invest heavily in R&D. In 2022, the company’s R&D investment was 328,957,700 yuan, accounting for 18.66% of the operating income. By the end of 2022, the company and its subsidiaries had 768 domestic and foreign authorized patents, an increase of 24.47% compared with the same period of last year. Adhering to the concept of "innovating science and technology, enjoying health", the company has always been guided by customer demand, adhered to diversified strategic layout, strengthened R&D investment in high-end products of various product lines, continuously strengthened technological innovation and enhanced product competitiveness.

In the field of ultrasound, the company has achieved fruitful results in 2022 after continuous breakthroughs and accelerated the launch of new products in recent years. In May, 2022, the fourth-generation artificial intelligence prenatal ultrasound screening technology, Feng ‘an S-Fetus 4.0, was released. It is the world’s first artificial intelligence technology based on dynamic images to automatically capture standard sections, which enhances the competitiveness and technical advantages in the field of high-end ultrasound obstetrics and gynecology. After years of technical research and development, the company obtained CE(MDR) registration certificate for a new generation of ultra-high-end color ultrasound platform in December 2022, and the company officially entered the ultra-high-end ultrasound field. In August, 2022, the company released a professional veterinary ultrasound ProPet series, and in October, 2022, it launched a new generation of mid-range and low-end desktop ultrasound P20Elite/P12 Elite series, which accelerated the layout of the low-end market. In December, 2022, the company independently developed and launched intravascular ultrasound diagnostic equipment, and became the only high-tech enterprise among domestic ultrasound manufacturers to develop and produce desktop ultrasound, portable ultrasound and intravascular ultrasound.

In the field of endoscopy, 2022 is the harvest year of the company’s research and development. For the first time, the company introduced domestic ultra-fine electronic gastrointestinal endoscope, optical magnifying electronic gastrointestinal endoscope, electronic colonoscope with adjustable stiffness, electronic circular scanning ultrasonic endoscope EG-UR5, electronic fan scanning ultrasonic endoscope EG-UC5T and other products, which greatly enriched the types and high-end functions of the company’s soft mirror body, further narrowed the gap between the company’s soft mirror products and imported brands, and provided strong support for the company’s endoscope to better break through the high-end hospital market. At the same time, in 2022, the company developed and registered a 4K fluorescent endoscope system in the field of hard mirrors, which enhanced the company’s product strength in the field of minimally invasive surgery and contributed to the sustained and rapid growth of minimally invasive surgery business.

(B) marketing management

During the reporting period, domestic marketing further subdivided market targets and sales teams, promoted the close integration of marketers and clinical customers, enhanced customer stickiness and tapped more potential clinical and academic needs, with a view to strengthening customer service capabilities. In terms of its own team management, it has implemented the marketing combat culture of "sincerity, passion, cooperation and professionalism", gradually stabilized the work system and team structure of various business lines, continuously improved the collaborative efficiency and refined operation mode of various departments, and achieved efficient collaboration, resource integration and flexible response in academic marketing, marketing promotion, channel empowerment and after-sales support, which significantly improved the per capita efficiency. In terms of channel marketing, we have established and improved a relatively perfect dealer management system and system, gradually strengthened channel training and embedded management, increased the full-time sales staff of high-quality agents, and significantly improved the number, quality and scale of channels. In terms of marketing promotion, in the past few years, offline promotion meetings and travel have been reduced, and online channels have been upgraded, which has rapidly expanded multi-platform and multi-form online promotion. Through 175 online meetings, a professional academic exchange platform has been built for the majority of medical workers, and high-end color Doppler ultrasound and high-end endoscopy have been effectively promoted, which has deepened the communication and exchange between the company and customers, and between customers. By virtue of ingenious quality, timely capacity supply, perfect after-sales service and constantly optimized management mechanism, the company has improved the marketing efficiency, realized sustained and healthy growth of operating income and net profit, and laid a solid foundation for the company’s long-term development.

During the reporting period, overseas marketing systems continued to explore new market space, and business continued to grow rapidly. Among them, in terms of business landing, with the excellent performance of E-series portable color Doppler ultrasound in the past few years, the company established a broad user base, laying the foundation for the sustained and steady growth of ultrasound business; X series portable ultrasound has opened up the business space of clinical departments for the company, and laid the foundation for further growth of ultrasound products in overseas clinical departments; With the introduction of "Feng-Yan S-Fetus" artificial intelligence module, the competitiveness of high-end ultrasonic products S60/P60 and Elite series has been further strengthened, which has provided sufficient power for the rapid growth of the company’s ultrasonic business in the middle and high-end user base and the continuous improvement of brand influence; While the number, quality and coverage of overseas endoscope professional channels are increasing, with the installation of EUS in about 20 overseas countries, the company’s endoscope business continues to grow at a high speed in overseas markets, and has formed a stronger brand awareness among high-end users; At the same time, the surgical business has achieved rapid growth, initially achieved large-scale sales in overseas markets, and established a professional talent team and professional channel network focusing on surgical business in the process, making it possible for the surgical business to continue to grow at a high speed; As soon as it was launched, the solution of special products for animals received strong attention from the market and users, which provided the possibility for the company to seize the opportunities in overseas animal markets and provided new growth points for the sustainable development of the company’s business. In terms of academic activities, with the help ofWith the global release of "Phoenix Eye S-Fetus", EUS global trip and Scoping＆Dialogue academic series activities, the company relies on innovative products and continues to empower experts and users through academic activities, creating opportunities for exchanges and interactions between Chinese and foreign experts, while promoting the global exchange of advanced medical technologies, further establishing the company’s academic brand image and providing a foundation for the company’s professional and high-end business development; In terms of organizational structure and marketing methods, the company has continuously increased the investment in overseas localization. While increasing the capacity building and team size of existing subsidiaries and self-operated service centers, it has actively explored the deepening and upgrading of localization to form a breakthrough in the mainstream markets of developed countries and intensive cultivation in developing markets, and based on this, it has achieved rapid business development in the United States, Germany, Russia, India and other places. At the same time of rapid business development, under the traction of the company’s overall business promotion plan, the company’s overseas business has been simultaneously improved in scale and efficiency, which provides a basis for the healthy and rapid development of the company’s overseas business and also provides a solid financial foundation for the company to break through overseas developed countries and high-end user groups.

(C) Human resource management

In 2022, the company’s human resources management continued to deepen on the basis of the changes in 2021.

In terms of team building, through the comprehensive application of the optimized rank sequence and salary mechanism, the identification, development, retention and encouragement of the core and high-potential talents in different rank sequences have been gradually realized, and the cohesion and combat effectiveness of the talent team have also been continuously improved.

On the basis of improving the "hard mechanism" of human resources, we will continue to promote the project work of strengthening corporate culture construction, promote the vitality of the organization, help the business break through the bottleneck, and help the organization as a whole achieve more challenging strategic goals.

In talent management, organization and talent inventory have become the routine work of the company, and the orderly optimization based on effective analysis of talent structure has been realized. The establishment of the company’s overall talent management system has achieved remarkable results. It can examine and adjust the matching degree between organizations and talents in real time through scientific and effective tools and programs, and more effectively support the effective achievement of the company’s overall strategic objectives.

In 2022, the company launched a new equity incentive and awarded 7.064 million shares of the second type of restricted stock to 186 incentive targets. The launch of the equity incentive plan will help to enhance employee cohesion, team stability and stimulate the enthusiasm of the management team. In the future, the company will take equity incentive as a normalized incentive mechanism, effectively combining the interests of shareholders, the company’s interests and employees’ personal interests to jointly promote the company’s long-term development.

(4) Entering a new base and ushering in a new starting point for development.

In 2022, the company’s Kaikai Medical Building in Guangming District, Shenzhen was officially opened, and most employees of the company’s production, R&D, marketing and functional systems moved in. The self-built production and operation base reduces the dependence on leasing, improves the management and operation efficiency and improves the stability of the company’s production and operation. The centralized work of employees in all systems is conducive to promoting internal communication and enhancing work coordination, and the merger of R&D and production bases has accelerated the industrialization efficiency of the company’s R&D achievements. The completion of the medical building will lay a foundation for the company’s long-term development and create a better brand image, and the company’s development will usher in a new starting point.

V. Prospect of the Company’s Future Development

(I) Future development prospect of the company

In 2022, the company made a great breakthrough in performance, with both revenue and profit reaching a new level. The development of the enterprise entered the stage of scale effect, and the profit growth rate was significantly higher than the income growth rate. The company’s long-term adherence to high R&D investment, multi-product line strategy and high-end product development strategy has achieved initial results.

In 2022, the company achieved fruitful research and development, and registered many heavy products in China. These new products will have a direct and positive impact on the company’s business development in 2023 and beyond:

(1) Ultrasonic products. The whole line of products on S60/P60 platform is released with the fourth generation artificial intelligence prenatal ultrasonic screening technology, Cheng’s-Fetus 4.0, which enhances the company’s competitiveness and technical advantages in the field of high-end ultrasonic obstetrics and gynecology. Release Elite series ultrasonic products to strengthen the company’s product strength in the mid-range ultrasonic market. In 2022, the company released a series of professional veterinary ultrasound ProPet to further expand the market scope of ultrasonic products.

(2) The products of digestive and respiratory medicine are registered and certified in China, including: optical magnifying endoscope, adjustable rigidity endoscope, ultrasonic endoscope (circular array and convex array), duodenoscope, fine endoscope, etc., which greatly enriches the company’s soft endoscope types and high-end functions and lays a foundation for the future development of the company’s internal medicine business.

(3) Minimally invasive surgical products, registered and certified in China are: insufflator, 4K fluorescent endoscope system and 10mm hard endoscope. At the same time, with the excellent clinical performance of 2K and 4K white light endoscope system, the company’s business income of minimally invasive surgery doubled in 2022.

(4) The company’s intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) products also obtained the domestic registration certificate in 2022. IVUS plays an important auxiliary decision-making role in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) surgery, including preoperative evaluation and postoperative optimization. Clinical results show that IVUS can significantly improve the prognosis and curative effect of patients.

Looking forward to 2023, domestic and foreign business exchanges and social life will return to the original track, and the company’s product promotion and sales activities around the world will be carried out normally. In the past few years, the global supply shortage of chips and electronic components and the price increase of some raw materials have eased, and the company’s production and delivery capacity has been better guaranteed. After the liberalization of control, the number of outpatient services in hospitals will gradually recover, and the market demand for medical devices such as ultrasound and endoscope will be more stable.

From the development trend of the industry, the domestic and international medical device market has been improving for a long time due to the aging of the population and the fact that medical security has been paid more attention in the past few years. In recent years, the domestic government has introduced related policies such as graded diagnosis and treatment, new medical infrastructure and encouraging the purchase of domestic equipment, which is conducive to the import substitution of domestic high-end medical devices. Looking forward to the new year, the company is more confident about the development in 2023:

(1) In the field of ultrasound, in 2023, the company will release a new generation of ultrasound platform, which has unique coherent field imaging technology, continuous focusing of the whole field, higher resolution and more information of biological tissues; The new platform is more intelligent. In addition to the artificial intelligence prenatal ultrasound screening technology Eichhornia S-fetus, it also realizes new AI applications such as intelligent operation flow and automatic lesion identification. It also has high-end application functions such as shear wave elastic imaging, fusion imaging and high-resolution contrast imaging. The new generation of ultrasonic platform will push the company’s ultrasonic products into the ultra-high-end field.

(2) Gastroenterology and Respiratory Medicine: In 2022 and 2023, the new types of mirrors released by the company were first introduced by domestic endoscopic enterprises, which filled the domestic blank and basically met the equipment needed for various complex operations in Gastroenterology. Specifically, the optical magnifying endoscope introduced by the company can better identify lesions in the intensive examination of digestive tract, help early cancer screening and improve the detection rate of early cancer; The colonoscopy with adjustable rigidity can better cope with different patients, help doctors improve the success rate of cecal intubation and reduce the discomfort of patients; Ultrafine colonoscopy has special application in children’s colonoscopy; Ultrasonic endoscopy combined with optical endoscopy and ultrasonic imaging can not only observe the mucosal surface morphology, but also obtain the structural characteristics of various layers of body cavity, as well as fine needle aspiration biopsy (EUS-FNA) guided by ultrasonic endoscope, which has become an important tool for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreatic tumors. Electronic duodenal endoscope is mainly used for minimally invasive endoscopic surgery for some hepatobiliary and pancreatic diseases, mainly for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Endoscopic ultrasonic diagnostic equipment (ultrasonic probe) can clearly display the hierarchical structure of digestive tract wall, and preliminarily judge and distinguish the nature of lesions according to the echo characteristics of lesions, which has important clinical value for the diagnosis and guidance of treatment methods of submucosal tumors. In 2023, the company will officially launch the Jingwei series endoscope system, which can significantly enhance the competitiveness of the company’s endoscope products in the basic medical market, and meet the needs of third-level hospitals that need internal and surgical compatible endoscope system departments. The introduction of the above new kinds and products enriches the company’s product types and structure in the field of soft mirrors.It will provide continuous support for the rapid growth of the company’s digestive and respiratory medicine business.

(3) In the field of minimally invasive surgery, the company’s 4K fluorescent endoscope system will be officially launched in 2023. At the same time, the company will launch the next generation endoscope system 4K-100, and the company’s product layout in the field of minimally invasive surgery will be gradually improved by combining the hard mirror body manufactured by insufflator and laser welding technology independently developed by the company. According to the clinical needs, supporting the company’s existing laparoscopic ultrasound and digestive endoscopy products, the company’s "super-abdominal combination" solution in hepatobiliary surgery, the "double-mirror combination" solution in gastrointestinal surgery, and the digital operating room will constitute the company’s unique competitive advantage in the field of minimally invasive surgery. Looking forward to this year and next, minimally invasive surgery business will become the company’s fast-growing business.

(4)IVUS is a relatively innovative product in China, and only a few manufacturers in the world can provide it. Due to the centralized collection of coronary stents and the increased recognition of IVUS’ clinical value, the penetration rate of IVUS in domestic PCI surgery is increasing. At present, the penetration rate of IVUS in China is still far behind that in Europe, America, Japan and South Korea, and the domestic IVUS market capacity is growing rapidly. In 2023, IVUS products will be officially released and listed, and the company will set up a professional marketing service team. The development of IVUS business is worth looking forward to.

Looking forward to the future, the company will consolidate its position in the field of ultrasound and digestive and respiratory medicine, and ultrasound will strive to maintain the first echelon in China and the business of digestive and respiratory medicine will continue to lead in China; The comprehensive competitiveness of minimally invasive surgery business began to stand out and became a new growth point of the company; IVUS business is the seed business that the company officially entered the cardiovascular field. The rapid growth of endoscope business has driven the rapid growth of the company’s overall business income, and gradually established the company’s brand influence in the domestic endoscope field. The company’s overall financial data is stable, entering the stage of scale effect, and the multi-product line strategy has gradually landed, laying a solid foundation for the company’s long-term stable development.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, September 3 (Reporter Li Jinlei) Pensions in various places have entered a period of intensive adjustment and distribution. The reporter from Zhongxin. com found that Shanghai, Beijing, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Liaoning, Guangxi and other places have announced specific adjustment plans for pensions. The adjustment schemes in the above-mentioned areas generally adopt the adjustment methods of combining quota adjustment, hook adjustment and appropriate inclination. The overall adjustment level of pensions in some areas exceeded 6.5%. Come and calculate how much your pension can go up.

　　Release pension adjustment plans in many places

　　The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance issued the Notice on Adjusting the Basic Pension for Retirees in 2016 in April this year. From January 1, 2016, retirees from enterprises, institutions and institutions who have gone through retirement procedures according to regulations and received basic pensions on a monthly basis will raise the basic pension level, and the overall adjustment level will be about 6.5% of the monthly basic pension for retirees in 2015.

　　The reporter of Zhongxin. com (WeChat WeChat official account: cns2012) noticed that this year is the first time to make overall arrangements for government institutions and enterprise retirees to adjust the basic pension synchronously, and the policy is complicated, so the pension payment time in most areas has been delayed compared with previous years. When the pension will be paid in place this year has also become a common concern of retirees.

　　Nowadays, local pensions have finally entered a period of intensive adjustment and distribution. Recently, Shaanxi, Yunnan, Liaoning, Guangxi and other places have announced specific pension adjustment plans, while Shanghai and Beijing, which announced the plans earlier, have taken the lead in issuing pensions.

　　For the specific time of pension payment, Guangxi, Yunnan and Liaoning have all made clear the timetable for payment in their adjustment plans, requiring that pensions will be paid to retirees before the end of September.

　　Calculate how much your pension can go up.

　　In addition to the payment time, retirees are concerned about how much the pension can rise this time. The reporter of Zhongxin. com noted that according to the national requirements, the adjustment schemes in the above areas generally adopt the adjustment method of combining quota adjustment, hook adjustment and appropriate inclination.

　　Quota adjustment means that everyone adjusts the same amount. Combing the adjustment schemes in the above areas, for enterprise retirees, 50 yuan will be increased per person per month in Beijing, 80 yuan per person per month in Shanghai, 70 yuan per person per month in Guangxi, 30 yuan per person per month in Yunnan and 77 yuan per person per month in Shaanxi.

　　After the quota adjustment, it will be adjusted according to factors such as my payment period and basic pension level, which reflects the principle of "overpaying for more, paying for more for a long time". For example, Shanghai’s adjustment plan shows that according to my payment years (including deemed payment years), I will increase the 2.5 yuan every month after one year, and then increase the basic pension I received in December 2015 by 2.5%; According to Yunnan regulations, the 2 yuan will be increased per person per month for each full year of payment, and then adjusted according to 2.5% of my basic pension in December 2015.

　　The adjustment plan in the above-mentioned areas also appropriately takes care of the inclination of senior retirees and other groups. For example, Beijing proposes that those who are over 65 years old and under 70 years old will be given an additional 50 yuan every month; At least 70 years of age and under 75 years of age, each person will increase the 60 yuan every month; At least 75 years of age and under 80 years of age, each person will increase the 70 yuan every month; At least 80 years of age and above, each person will increase the 80 yuan every month.

　　In some areas, the overall increase in pensions exceeded 6.5%

　　It is reported that the overall adjustment level of the pension is about 6.5%, and it is estimated that more than 85 million enterprise retirees and more than 17 million retirees from government agencies and institutions will benefit, which will benefit more than 100 million retirees.

　　Jong Li, spokesperson of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, pointed out at the press conference in the first quarter of this year that the adjustment level of about 6.5% is the overall level of adjustment of retirees’ treatment in enterprises, institutions and institutions, not that retirees in enterprises and institutions are adjusted at the rate of 6.5% based on their respective pension levels, nor is it simply to increase the pension by 6.5% for every retiree.

　　The reporter from Zhongxin. com noted that the overall adjustment level of pensions in some areas exceeded 6.5%. For example, the Liaoning Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security revealed in official website that the overall adjustment level of the Liaoning provincial plan was 6.75% of the monthly basic pension for retirees in 2015 with the approval of the provincial government, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance.

　　In the adjustment plan, many places also explicitly require to ensure timely and full payment. Guangxi said that all localities should increase subsidies to the endowment insurance fund by expanding the coverage of basic endowment insurance, strengthening fund collection, adjusting the structure of fiscal expenditure and other measures to improve the fund’s support capacity; At the same time, actively promote the reform of endowment insurance in government agencies and institutions, and ensure that the basic pension for retirees is paid in full and on time, without default. Yunnan proposed that if the county (city, district) basic old-age insurance fund is not enough to pay, it should be adjusted by the state (city) first to ensure that the basic pension increased by this adjustment is paid in full and on time. (End)

　　Beijing, June 30 (Reporter Li Jinlei) With the announcement of the pension adjustment plan for 2021 in Sichuan, the pensions of 31 provinces have all been raised. How much did your pension go up?

　　31 provinces raised pensions.

　　On April 16, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance issued a notice on adjusting the basic pension for retirees in 2021, which kicked off the rise of pensions.

　　According to the notice, the overall national adjustment ratio is determined according to 4.5% of the monthly basic pension for retirees in 2020. Each province takes the national overall adjustment ratio as the upper limit, and determines the adjustment ratio and level of the province.

　　This is the "17 consecutive rises" of pensions. Since then, Shanghai was the first to announce the pension adjustment plan on May 12, and various places have also announced the pension adjustment plan one after another. By June 28, Sichuan announced the pension adjustment plan, and all the pension increases in 31 provinces have landed.

　　How much did your pension go up?

　　"I retired in 2020 and participated in the increase of pension for the first time this year. Before the increase, the pension was 3,631 yuan per month. In June, the amount of pension received was 4,353 yuan, and a total of 822 yuan was reissued, which means that the monthly pension increased by 137 yuan, an increase of about 3.8%." A retiree from Hunan shared with reporters the situation of his pension increase.

　　According to the data of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, in 2020, the per capita pension of enterprise retirees nationwide will be around 2,900 yuan. Some provinces have announced the per capita increase in pensions this year. According to the data released by Qinghai, after the adjustment, the monthly per capita basic pension of retirees in enterprises, institutions and institutions increased by about 196 yuan.

　　It should be noted that 4.5% is the overall per capita level of basic pension adjustment for all retirees. The People’s Social Welfare Department of many places explained that for each retiree, due to different payment years and pension levels, the actual increase in the absolute amount of pension is different, and the corresponding proportion of personal pension is also different.

　　Raise the pension in the way of "three combinations"

　　At present, most provinces have reissued the increased pensions to their accounts. Sichuan, the last province to announce the pension adjustment plan, will pay the adjusted and increased pensions to retirees one after another from 19: 00 on June 28 to ensure that the adjusted and increased pensions will be paid to retirees before July 1.

　　After receiving the rising pension, retirees should pay attention to the fact that the rising pension is not simply an increase of 4.5% on their own pension base, but a "three-in-one" method combining quota adjustment, hook adjustment and appropriate tilt.

　　Among them, quota adjustment refers to the unified increase of the same amount of pensions for all types of retirees in the same area, reflecting social equity; Hook adjustment means that the increased pension is linked to the individual payment period and pension level, which embodies the incentive mechanism of "paying more and getting more" and "paying more for a long time", so that people who pay more and pay more for a long time can get more pensions; Appropriate tilt reflects key care, mainly for the elderly retirees, retirees in hard and remote areas and other groups to take care of.

　　Take the pension adjustment scheme in Sichuan Province as an example. Li, a retiree in six kinds of hard and remote areas, is 71 years old and has a payment period of 35 years. In December 2020, the basic pension was 5,600 yuan, and the adjusted and increased basic pension was as follows:

　　Quota adjustment: 42 yuan; Adjustment of payment period: 15 years ×0.7 yuan/year +20 years ×1.8 yuan/year =46.5 yuan; Adjustment of pension level: 5600 yuan ×1.3%=72.8 yuan; Old age tilt adjustment: 35 yuan; Tilt adjustment in hard and remote areas: 80 yuan; Total: 42+46.5+72.8+35+80=276.3 yuan.

　　Basic pensions for urban and rural residents in these places have also increased.

　　In addition to raising the basic pension for retirees, some provinces have also raised the basic pension standards for urban and rural residents this year.

　　The Hubei Provincial Department of Human Resources and Social Security announced on the 28th that from January 1st, 2021, the basic pension standard of basic old-age insurance for urban and rural residents in Hubei Province will be raised from 108 yuan per person per month to 115 yuan per person per month, that is, the 7 yuan will be raised on the basis of the original standard.

　　In addition, Shanghai will adjust the basic pension standard of urban and rural residents’ old-age insurance (including the minimum standard of basic pension determined by the central government) from 1100 yuan per person per month to 1200 yuan per person per month. This standard is the highest in the country.

　　Beijing has also raised the basic old-age pension for urban and rural residents. From January 1, 2021, new people will receive basic old-age insurance benefits for urban and rural residents. The basic pension standard is 850 yuan per person per month. (End)

The State Council on printing and distributing

Notice of the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for Ecological Environmental Protection
Guo Fa [2016] No.65

People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, ministries and commissions and institutions directly under the State Council:

The 13th Five-Year Plan for Ecological Environmental Protection is hereby issued to you, please implement it carefully.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 the State Council

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　November 24, 2016

(This piece has been deleted)

"Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" for Ecological Environment Protection

Catalogue

　　Chapter I National Ecological Environment Protection Situation

　Section 1 Positive progress has been made in ecological environment protection

　Section 2 Ecological environment is the outstanding shortcoming of building a well-off society in an all-round way

　Section III Opportunities and Challenges Faced by Ecological Environment Protection

Chapter II Guiding Ideology, Basic Principles and Main Objectives

　The first section guiding ideology

　Section 2 Basic Principles

　Section III Main Objectives

Chapter III Strengthening Source Prevention and Control and Consolidating the Foundation of Green Development

　Section 1 Strengthening the Management and Control of Ecological Space

　Section 2 Promoting structural reform on the supply side

　Section III Strengthening the Guidance of Green Science and Technology Innovation

　Section IV Promoting Regional Green Coordinated Development

Chapter IV Deepening Quality Management and Vigorously Implementing Three Action Plans

　Section 1: Improving the quality of atmospheric environment by zoning policies

　In the second quarter, precise efforts were made to improve the quality of water environment

　Section III Classified Prevention and Control of Soil Environmental Pollution

Chapter V Implementing special treatment to comprehensively promote the discharge up to standard and pollution reduction.

　The first section implements the comprehensive discharge plan of industrial pollution sources.

　Section II Deepening the Emission Reduction of Key Pollutants

　Section III Strengthening Infrastructure Construction

　The fourth quarter to speed up the comprehensive management of agricultural and rural environment

Chapter VI Implementing full-process control to effectively prevent and reduce environmental risks.

　Section 1 Improve the risk prevention and control and emergency response system

　Section II Intensifying the Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution

　Section III Improving the Disposal Level of Hazardous Wastes

　Section IV Consolidate the Foundation of Chemical Risk Prevention and Control

　Section 5 Strengthening Nuclear and Radiation Safety Management

Chapter VII Strengthening protection and ecological restoration.

　Section 1 Maintaining National Ecological Security

　Section II Management and Protection of Key Ecological Areas

　Section III Protection of Important Ecosystems

　The fourth quarter to enhance the function of the ecosystem

　Section 5 Restoration of Ecological Degraded Areas

　Section VI Expanding the Supply of Ecological Products

　Section 7 Protection of Biological Diversity

Chapter VIII Accelerate institutional innovation and actively promote governance system and governance capacity.modernization

　Section 1 Improve the rule of law system

　Section 2 Perfecting the Market Mechanism

　Section III Implementation of Local Responsibilities

　Section IV Strengthening Enterprise Supervision

　Section 5 Implementing National Action

　Section VI Improving Governance Capability

Chapter IX Implementation of a number of major national ecological and environmental protection projects

Chapter X Perfect Planning and Implement Safeguard Measures

　The first section defines the division of tasks

　Section 2 Increase investment

　Section III Strengthening International Cooperation

　Section IV Promoting Pilot Demonstration

　Section 5 Strict evaluation and examination

Chapter I National Ecological Environment Protection Situation

The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the protection of ecological environment. Since the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan", we have resolutely declared war on pollution, made every effort to promote the prevention and control of air, water and soil pollution, continuously strengthened the protection of the ecological environment, improved the quality of the ecological environment, and completed the main goals and tasks set in the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan". During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the problems of unbalanced, uncoordinated and unsustainable economic and social development are still outstanding. Multi-stage, multi-field and multi-type ecological and environmental problems are intertwined, and there is a big gap between the ecological environment and the people’s needs and expectations. Improving environmental quality, strengthening comprehensive management of the ecological environment and speeding up the filling of the shortcomings of the ecological environment are the core tasks at present.

Section 1 Positive progress has been made in ecological environment protection

The construction of ecological civilization has become a national strategy.The CPC Central Committee and the State Council attached great importance to the construction of ecological civilization. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly stressed that "Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets" should adhere to the basic national policy of saving resources and protecting the environment, and "protect the ecological environment like eyes and treat it like life". Premier Li Keqiang has repeatedly pointed out that it is necessary to intensify comprehensive environmental management, improve the level of ecological civilization, promote green development, and make up his mind to embark on a win-win road of economic development and environmental improvement. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee and the State Council have placed ecological civilization construction in a more important strategic position, incorporated it into the overall layout of "Five in One", made a series of major decisions and arrangements, promulgated the Overall Plan for the Reform of Ecological Civilization System, and implemented the action plan for the prevention and control of air, water and soil pollution. The concept of development, the concept of governance and the concept of nature are internally unified and integrated into the concept of governance and development. The awareness, practice depth and promotion of ecological civilization construction are unprecedented.

The quality of ecological environment has improved.In 2015, fine particulate matter (PM) in 338 cities at prefecture level and above in China2.5The average annual concentration is 50 μ g/m3. Compared with 2013, the average annual concentration of fine particles in the first batch of 74 cities has decreased by 23.6%, and that in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta has decreased by 27.4%, 20.9% and 27.7% respectively. The proportion of acid rain areas in the land area has dropped from about 30% of the historical peak to 7.6%, and the prevention and control of air pollution has achieved initial results. The proportion of Class I-III surface water in 1940 state-controlled sections in China increased to 66%, and the proportion of worse than Class V decreased to 9.7%, and the water quality of major rivers and streams improved significantly. The national forest coverage rate increased to 21.66%, the forest stock reached 15.14 billion cubic meters, and the grassland comprehensive vegetation coverage rate was 54%. There are 2,740 nature reserves, accounting for 14.8% of the land area. More than 90% of terrestrial natural ecosystem types, 89% of national key protected wild animals and plants and most important natural relics are protected in nature reserves, and the wild populations of some rare and endangered species such as giant panda, Siberian tiger, crested ibis, Tibetan antelope and Chinese alligator have steadily increased. Desertification and desertification have achieved "double reduction" in area for three consecutive monitoring cycles.

The targets and tasks of pollution control and emission reduction were overfulfilled.By 2015, the capacity of desulfurization and denitrification units in China will increase to 99% and 92% of the total installed capacity of coal-fired power respectively, and the ultra-low emission transformation of coal-fired power units will be completed by 160 million kilowatts. The national urban sewage treatment rate has increased to 92%, and the harmless treatment rate of domestic garbage in urban built-up areas has reached 94.1%. Comprehensive environmental improvement was implemented in 72,000 villages, directly benefiting more than 120 million rural people. 61,000 large-scale farms (communities) have built waste treatment and resource utilization facilities. During the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, the national chemical oxygen demand and the total discharge of ammonia nitrogen, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides decreased by 12.9%, 13%, 18% and 18.6% respectively.

Ecological protection and construction have achieved results.A number of major ecological protection and restoration projects have been implemented steadily, including the protection of natural forest resources, returning farmland to forests and grasslands, returning grazing to grasslands, the construction of shelter forest system, the protection and restoration of rivers, lakes and wetlands, sand prevention and control, soil and water conservation, rocky desertification control, wildlife protection and nature reserve construction. All natural forests in key state-owned forest areas have stopped commercial logging. The area of protected wetlands in China increased by 5,259,400 hectares, and the protection rate of natural wetlands increased to 46.8%. 100,000 square kilometers of desertified land and 266,000 square kilometers of soil erosion were controlled. Complete the investigation and evaluation of the ten-year changes of the national ecological environment (2000-2010) and publish the Red List of Biodiversity in China. More than 4,300 forest parks, wetland parks and desert park have been established. Sixteen provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) carried out the construction of ecological provinces, more than 1,000 cities (counties and districts) carried out the construction of ecological cities (counties and districts), and 114 cities (counties and districts) were named as national ecological construction demonstration zones. The reform plan of state-owned forest farms and the guidance on the reform of state-owned forest areas were issued and implemented, and six provinces completed the pilot task of state-owned forest farm reform.

The prevention and control of environmental risks has been steadily advanced.By 2015, 50 centralized disposal facilities for hazardous wastes and 273 medical wastes will be basically completed, and all the 6.7 million tons of chromium residue left over from history will be disposed of. The emissions of five heavy metal pollutants, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium and arsenic, will be reduced by 27.7% compared with 2007, and the number of environmental emergencies involving heavy metals will be greatly reduced. Scientifically respond to the environmental impact of the "812" special major fire and explosion accident in Tianjin Port. The safety level of nuclear facilities has been continuously improved, the management of nuclear technology utilization has become increasingly standardized, and the quality of radiation environment has remained good.

The rule of law in the ecological environment has been continuously improved.The environmental protection law, the air pollution prevention and control law, the regulations on the safety management of radioactive waste, and the ambient air quality standards have been revised, and documents such as the measures for investigating the responsibility for ecological environmental damage have been issued one after another, and the compensation mechanism for ecological protection has been further improved. In-depth implementation of environmental protection law activities and comprehensive environmental protection inspectors. The concept and awareness of the rule of law in the ecological environment of the whole society have been continuously strengthened.

Section 2 Ecological environment is the outstanding shortcoming of building a well-off society in an all-round way

The discharge of pollutants is wide, and the environmental pollution is heavy.The emissions of major pollutants such as chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide in China are still at a high level of about 20 million tons, and the environmental carrying capacity exceeds or approaches the upper limit. 78.4% of the city’s air quality is not up to standard, and the proportion of days with severe or above pollution strongly reflected by the public accounts for 3.2%. Heavy air pollution occurs frequently in some areas in winter. The security level of drinking water sources needs to be improved urgently, the layout of sewage discharge does not match the carrying capacity of water environment, there are a large number of black and odorous water bodies in urban built-up areas, the eutrophication of lakes and reservoirs is still outstanding, and the water pollution in some basins is still serious. The over-standard rate of soil points in China is 16.1%, that of cultivated land is 19.4%, and the problem of soil pollution in industrial and mining wasteland is outstanding. There is a big gap between urban and rural environmental public services, and the task of governance and improvement is arduous.

The landscape, forest, field and lake lack overall protection, and the ecological damage is great.The ecologically fragile areas above moderate level account for 55% of the national land area, and desertification and rocky desertification land account for nearly 20% of the national land area. The trend of low-quality forest system, pure forest structure, inefficient ecological function and artificial natural landscape is intensifying. Every year, about 2 million mu of forest land is illegally occupied, and the national forest volume per unit area is only 78% of the global average. The overall deterioration of grassland ecology in China has not been fundamentally reversed, and the area of moderately and severely degraded grassland still accounts for more than one third, and the restored grassland ecosystem is relatively fragile. In recent years, the national wetland area has decreased by about 5.1 million mu every year, and the survival of more than 900 species of vertebrates and more than 3,700 species of higher plants is threatened. Over-exploitation and utilization of resources has led to prominent ecological damage, and ecological space has been eroded and occupied. In some areas, ecological resources have been seriously damaged, making it more difficult to protect the system.

The industrial structure and layout are unreasonable, and the ecological environment risk is high.China is a big country in chemical production and consumption, and the types of toxic and harmful pollutants are increasing, and the regional, structural and layout environmental risks are increasingly prominent. There are a large number of environmental risk enterprises, which are close to the water and close to the city, and environmental pollution incidents caused by dangerous chemical safety accidents frequently occur. Sudden environmental incidents show the trend of complex causes, diverse pollutants, sensitive geographical influence and expanding influence scope. In the past ten years, there have been more than 7,600 forest fires, and the area of forest diseases and insect pests has exceeded 175 million mu. In recent years, an average of 1 million batches of pests have been intercepted, and the risk of animal and plant infections and quarantine pests being introduced from frontier ports is high.

Section III Opportunities and Challenges Faced by Ecological Environment Protection

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, ecological environmental protection faces important strategic opportunities. We will comprehensively deepen reform and comprehensively promote the rule of law, deepen the implementation of innovation and green development, gradually improve the system and mechanism of ecological civilization construction, and release policy dividends, rule of law dividends and technology dividends for environmental protection. Economic transformation and upgrading, supply-side structural reform have accelerated the resolution of heavy pollution excess capacity, increased the supply of ecological products, and slowed down the pressure of new pollutant discharge. The public’s awareness of ecological environment protection is increasing day by day, and the joint efforts of the whole society to protect the ecological environment are gradually taking shape.

At the same time, the tasks of industrialization, urbanization and agricultural modernization in China have not been completed, and the protection of ecological environment is still under great pressure. With the increasing downward pressure on the economy, the contradiction between development and protection has become more prominent, and investment in environmental protection has weakened in some places, making it an arduous task to further promote environmental governance and quality improvement. The trend of regional ecological environment differentiation appears, the point distribution of pollution turns to surface expansion, and the stability and service function of ecosystems in some areas decline, making it difficult to coordinate and protect. China actively responds to global climate change and promotes the construction of the "Belt and Road". The international community, especially developed countries, requires China to assume more environmental responsibilities, and it is a great challenge to deeply participate in global environmental governance.

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, opportunities and challenges for ecological environmental protection coexist, which is not only a critical period for carrying forward and making great achievements, but also a crucial period and a window period for achieving quality improvement. We should make full use of new opportunities and conditions, properly deal with various risks and challenges, firmly promote ecological environmental protection and improve the quality of the ecological environment.

Chapter II Guiding Ideology, Basic Principles and Main Objectives

The first section guiding ideology

Fully implement the spirit of the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the 18th Central Committee, thoroughly implement the spirit of the series of important speeches by the Supreme Leader General Secretary and the new ideas, new ideas and new strategies for governing the country under the guidance of Deng Xiaoping Theory, Theory of Three Represents and Scientific Outlook on Development, coordinate and promote the overall layout of "five in one" and the strategic layout of "four comprehensive", and firmly establish and implement the development concept of innovation, coordination, green, openness and sharing. In accordance with the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, with the improvement of environmental quality as the core, we will implement the strictest environmental protection system, fight three major battles to prevent and control air, water and soil pollution, strengthen ecological protection and restoration, strictly prevent and control ecological environmental risks, accelerate the modernization of national governance system and governance capacity in the field of ecological environment, continuously improve the level of systematic, scientific, legal, refined and information-based ecological environment management, and provide more high-quality ecological products for the people, in order to realize the "two".

Section 2 Basic Principles

Adhere to green development and treat both the symptoms and the root causes.Green to enrich the country and benefit the people, properly handle the relationship between development and protection, and jointly promote new industrialization, urbanization, informationization, agricultural modernization and greening. Adhere to the combination of the present and the long-term, strengthen the combination of ecological environment protection with steady growth, structural adjustment, benefiting people’s livelihood and preventing risks, strengthen source prevention and control, promote structural reform on the supply side, optimize spatial layout, promote the formation of green production and green lifestyle, prevent ecological damage and environmental pollution from the source, increase the intensity of ecological environment management, and promote the harmonious development between man and nature.

Adhere to the quality core and treat it systematically.Guided by solving the outstanding problems of the ecological environment, the objectives and tasks of improving the quality of the ecological environment are defined in different regions, basins and stages. Coordinate the use of structural optimization, pollution control, pollution reduction, up-to-standard discharge, ecological protection and other means, implement a number of major projects, carry out coordinated prevention and control of multiple pollutants, systematically promote ecological restoration and environmental governance, ensure the steady improvement of ecological environment quality, and improve the supply capacity of high-quality ecological products.

Adhere to space control and classified prevention and control.Give priority to ecology, coordinate the management of production, living and ecological space, delimit and strictly observe the red line of ecological protection, and safeguard national ecological security. Establish a management pattern with complete system, clear responsibilities and rights, and effective supervision, implement differentiated management, manage and control by districts, and implement policies by grades and items to improve the level of refined management.

Adhere to reform and innovation and strengthen the rule of law.Promote ecological environmental protection through reform and innovation, change the concept and mode of environmental governance, reform the basic system of ecological environmental governance, establish an enterprise emission permit system covering all fixed pollution sources, implement a vertical management system for monitoring, supervision and law enforcement of environmental protection institutions below the provincial level, and accelerate the formation of a systematic and complete system of ecological civilization system. Strengthen environmental legislation, environmental justice, and environmental law enforcement, strike hard and severely, and promote the whole society to abide by the law. Relying on laws and systems to strengthen ecological environmental protection, to achieve strict prevention at the source, strict management in the process and severe punishment in the consequences.

Insist on performing their duties and social co-governance.Establish a strict responsibility system for ecological environmental protection, rationally divide the central and local environmental protection powers and expenditure responsibilities, and implement the "party and government share responsibility" and "one post and two responsibilities" for ecological environmental protection. Implement the main responsibility of corporate environmental governance, mobilize the whole society to actively participate in ecological environmental protection, encourage and restrain simultaneously, and the government and the market "work together" to form an environmental governance system in which the government, enterprises and the public jointly govern.

Section III Main Objectives

By 2020, the overall quality of the ecological environment will be improved. The green and low-carbon level of production and lifestyle has risen, the total discharge of major pollutants has been greatly reduced, environmental risks have been effectively controlled, the downward trend of biodiversity has been basically controlled, the stability of ecosystems has been significantly enhanced, the ecological security barrier has been basically formed, and significant progress has been made in modernizing the national governance system and governance capacity in the ecological environment field. The level of ecological civilization construction is compatible with the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way.

Chapter III Strengthening Source Prevention and Control and Consolidating the Foundation of Green Development

Green development is the key to solve the bottleneck of China’s resource and environment constraints from the source and improve the quality of development. It is necessary to innovate regulation methods, strengthen source management, build a green development pattern with ecological space control and guidance, promote supply-side structural reform with ecological environmental protection, lead ecological environmental governance with green scientific and technological innovation, promote green and coordinated development of key areas, accelerate the formation of spatial layout, industrial structure and production and lifestyle that save resources and protect the environment, and protect the ecological environment from the source.

Section 1 Strengthening the Management and Control of Ecological Space

Fully implement the main functional area planning.Strengthen the basic role of main functional areas in the development and protection of land space, and promote the formation of the layout of main functional areas. According to the functional orientation of the main body in different regions, the differentiated ecological environment objectives, governance and protection measures and assessment requirements are formulated. It is forbidden to implement compulsory ecological environmental protection in development areas, strictly control the interference of human factors on the authenticity and integrity of natural ecology and natural cultural heritage, prohibit all kinds of development activities that do not meet the main functional orientation, and guide the gradual and orderly transfer of population. The development intensity of key ecological function areas with limited development has been effectively controlled, forming an environment-friendly industrial structure, maintaining and improving the supply capacity of ecological products, and enhancing the service function of ecosystems. The main agricultural products producing areas with restricted development focus on protecting the soil environment of cultivated land and ensuring the supply, quality and safety of agricultural products. Strengthen environmental management and governance in key development areas, greatly reduce the intensity of pollutant discharge, reduce the impact of industrialization and urbanization on the ecological environment, improve the living environment, and strive to improve environmental quality. Optimize the development area to guide the city’s intensive, compact, green and low-carbon development, expand the green ecological space, and optimize the ecosystem pattern. Implement the planning of marine main functional areas and optimize the development pattern of marine resources.

Delineate and strictly observe the red line of ecological protection.Before the end of 2017, the provinces (cities) along the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and the Yangtze River Economic Belt will demarcate the red line of ecological protection; Before the end of 2018, other provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) will delimit the red line of ecological protection; By the end of 2020, the national red line for ecological protection will be delineated and surveyed in an all-round way, and the red line system for ecological protection will be basically established. Formulate ecological protection red line control measures, establish and improve the ecological protection compensation mechanism, and regularly publish information on the protection status of ecological protection red line. The establishment of monitoring system and evaluation system, the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) to evaluate the effectiveness of red line protection of ecological protection. Comprehensively safeguard the national ecological security, protect and enhance the functions of forests, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, oceans and other ecosystems, and improve the supply capacity of high-quality ecological products.

Promote "multi-regulation integration".Based on the planning of the main functional areas, standardize and improve the environmental guidance and control requirements, such as spatial control of ecological environment, control of ecological environment carrying capacity, bottom line control of environmental quality, rigid constraints of strategic environmental assessment and planning environmental assessment, formulate and implement technical specifications for the red line of ecological protection, bottom line of environmental quality, online utilization of resources and negative list of environmental access, and strengthen the ecological environment support of "multi-regulation". Taking city and county administrative districts as a unit, a spatial governance system consisting of spatial planning, use control and differentiated performance evaluation is established. Actively promote the establishment of a national spatial planning system, coordinate all kinds of spatial planning, and promote "multi-regulation integration". To study and formulate guiding opinions on ecological environment protection to promote "multi-regulation integration". Since 2018, research on spatial planning of ecological environment protection in provinces, regions and urban agglomerations has been launched.

Section 2 Promoting structural reform on the supply side

Strengthen environmental hard constraints and promote the elimination of backward and excess capacity.Establish a mechanism for the withdrawal of heavily polluted production capacity and the resolution of excess production capacity, and close down and eliminate enterprises that have exceeded the standard for a long time, enterprises that have no ability to control and have no will to control, and enterprises that have no hope of reaching the standard. Revise and improve the comprehensive list of environmental protection, and promote the elimination of processes, equipment and products with high pollution and high environmental risks. Encourage all localities to formulate policies to eliminate backward production capacity with wider scope and higher standards, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region should intensify efforts to eliminate excess production capacity such as steel that cannot meet the discharge standards. According to the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment, the scale limits of papermaking, tanning, printing and dyeing, coking, sulfur smelting, arsenic smelting, oil refining, electroplating, pesticides and other industries in each region are determined. The implementation of new (modified, expanded) construction projects of key pollutants discharge equal or reduced replacement. Adjust and optimize the industrial structure, and replace overcapacity industries such as coal, steel, cement and flat glass with equal or reduced capacity.

Strict environmental protection and energy consumption requirements to promote enterprises to accelerate upgrading.Implement the "double control" action of total energy consumption and intensity, and comprehensively promote energy conservation in key areas such as industry, construction, transportation and public institutions. Strict energy-saving evaluation and review of new projects, strengthen industrial energy-saving supervision, and strengthen energy-saving supervision in the whole process. Traditional manufacturing industries such as iron and steel, nonferrous metals, chemicals, building materials, light industry, textiles, etc. have comprehensively implemented special technical transformations such as improving energy efficiency of motors and transformers, cleaner production, water saving and pollution control, recycling, etc., and implemented key energy-saving projects such as improving system energy efficiency, comprehensively improving energy conservation and environmental protection of coal-fired boilers, green lighting, and warming people with waste heat. Support enterprises to enhance green lean manufacturing capabilities and promote the application of distributed energy in industrial parks and enterprises.

Promote green manufacturing and production and supply of green products.Strengthen the green management of product life cycle from the whole process of design, raw materials, production, procurement, logistics and recycling. Support enterprises to carry out green design, develop green products, improve the standard system of green packaging, and promote packaging reduction, harmlessness and material recycling. Build green factories, develop green industrial parks, build green supply chains, carry out green evaluation and green manufacturing process promotion actions, and comprehensively promote the construction of green manufacturing systems. Strengthen the ability of green supply, integrate the certification of environmental protection, energy saving, water saving, recycling, low carbon, renewable and organic products, and establish a unified system of standards, certification and labeling for green products. Develop ecological agriculture and organic agriculture, accelerate the construction of organic food bases and industrial development, and increase the supply of organic products. By 2020, hundreds of green design demonstration enterprises, hundreds of green demonstration parks and thousands of green demonstration factories will be established, and the green manufacturing system will be basically established.

Promote circular development.Implement the circular development leading plan, promote the centralized disposal of urban low-value waste, carry out the construction of resource recycling demonstration bases and eco-industrial parks, and build a number of national new industrialized industrial demonstration bases and circular economy demonstration cities and counties in the field of circular economy. Implement high-end remanufacturing, intelligent remanufacturing and in-service remanufacturing demonstration projects. Deepen the pilot construction of industrial solid waste comprehensive utilization base, and build a demonstration project for comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste and resource recycling. Relying on the national "urban mineral" demonstration base, we will cultivate a number of key enterprises for recycling and comprehensive utilization, industrial bases for renewable resources utilization and parks. Improve the recycling network of renewable resources, standardize and improve the management of comprehensive utilization industries such as waste steel, waste tires, waste textiles and clothing, waste plastics and waste power batteries. Try to establish reverse recycling channels, popularize new recycling methods such as "internet plus recycling" and intelligent recycling, and implement the extended producer responsibility system. By 2020, the comprehensive utilization rate of industrial solid waste in China will increase to 73%. Achieve zero growth of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, implement circular agriculture demonstration projects, and promote high-value and industrial utilization of straw. By 2020, the comprehensive utilization rate of straw will reach 85%, and the national modern agricultural demonstration zone and major grain-producing counties will basically realize the recycling of agricultural resources.

Promote the development of energy-saving and environmental protection industries.We will promote the research and development and industrialization of core environmental protection technologies and technologies, complete sets of products, equipment, materials and medicines such as low-carbon cycle, pollution control and emission reduction, monitoring and control, and form a number of competitive leading technologies and products as soon as possible. Encourage the development of energy-saving and environmental protection technical consultation, system design, equipment manufacturing, engineering construction, operation management and other professional services. Vigorously develop the environmental service industry, promote the formation of service markets such as contract energy management, contract water-saving management, third-party monitoring, third-party treatment of environmental pollution and cooperation between government and social capital for environmental protection, and carry out pilot projects of trusteeship services for comprehensive environmental management in small towns and parks. Standardize environmental performance contract management, and gradually establish an environmental service performance evaluation and assessment mechanism. Publish the list of government procurement environmental services. Encourage social capital to invest in environmental protection enterprises and cultivate a number of large-scale energy-saving and environmental protection enterprises and environmental protection brands with international competitiveness. Encourage public entrepreneurship and innovation in the field of ecological and environmental protection. Give full play to the role of environmental protection industry organizations and scientific and technological associations in the process of environmental protection scientific and technological innovation, achievement transformation and industrialization. Improve the industry supervision system, carry out the routine investigation and statistics of environmental protection industry, establish the integrity files of environmental service enterprises, and publish the development report of environmental service industry.

Section III Strengthening the Guidance of Green Science and Technology Innovation

Promote the deep integration of greening and innovation drive.Take greening as an important basis for the country to implement the innovation-driven development strategy and economic transformation and development, and promote the deep integration of greening and emerging technologies in various fields. Develop intelligent green manufacturing technology to promote manufacturing industry to climb to the high end of value chain. Develop eco-green, efficient and safe modern agricultural technologies, and carry out in-depth research and development of technologies such as water-saving agriculture, circular agriculture, organic agriculture, modern forestry and bio-fertilizer to promote agricultural quality, efficiency and sustainable development. Develop safe, clean and efficient modern energy technology and promote the revolution of energy production and consumption. Develop key technologies for resource conservation and recycling, and establish technical systems such as resource utilization of urban domestic waste, recycling of renewable resources, and comprehensive utilization of industrial solid waste. Focus on air, water, soil and other issues, and form a complete set of technologies for source prevention, terminal treatment and ecological environment restoration.

Strengthen the construction of eco-environmental science and technology innovation system.Aiming at the forefront of the world’s eco-environmental science and technology development, based on the strategic requirements of China’s eco-environmental protection, we will highlight independent innovation and comprehensive integration innovation, and accelerate the construction of a national eco-environmental science and technology innovation system with clear levels, clear division of labor, efficient operation and strong support. Focus on establishing the theoretical system of eco-environmental science and technology innovation with scientific research as the guide, the research and development system of eco-environmental technology supported by application demonstration, the environmental benchmark and environmental standard system with human health as the goal, the cultivation system of environmental protection industry with competitiveness as the core, and the environmental protection science and technology management system based on service guarantee. We will implement the project of leading talents in environmental scientific research, strengthen the training of leading talents in environmental protection and top-notch young talents, focus on building a number of innovative talent training bases, and build a number of high-level innovative teams. Support relevant institutions to carry out basic and applied scientific research on environmental protection. Establish and improve the environmental protection professional honor system.

Build an eco-environmental science and technology innovation platform.Coordinate scientific and technological resources and deepen the reform of ecological and environmental protection science and technology system. Strengthen the construction of key laboratories, engineering technology centers, scientific observation and research stations, environmental protection think tanks and other scientific and technological innovation platforms, strengthen technology research and development promotion, and improve the scientific management level. Actively guide enterprises to strengthen cooperation with scientific research institutions, strengthen the role of enterprises as the main body of innovation, and promote the research and development of environmental protection technologies, the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and the popularization and application. Promote the establishment of an information platform for environmental protection equipment and service demand and a trading platform for technological innovation transformation. Relying on qualified science and technology industrial parks, we will focus on building environmental protection science and technology innovation experimental zones, environmental protection high-tech industrial zones, environmental protection comprehensive management technical service zones, international environmental protection technical cooperation zones, and environmental protection high-level personnel training and education zones, and establish a number of national environmental protection high-tech industrial development zones.

Implement key ecological and environmental protection science and technology projects.We will continue to implement major national science and technology projects for water pollution control and treatment, and implement key R&D projects such as research on the causes and control technologies of air pollution, research on the restoration and protection of typical fragile ecology, research and development of clean and efficient utilization of coal and new energy-saving technologies, research and development of comprehensive prevention and restoration technologies for agricultural non-point source and heavy metal polluted farmland, and marine environmental security. Carry out pilot demonstrations on the application of environmental pollution prevention and ecological restoration technology in key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Economic Belt and provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) along the Belt and Road, and put forward systematic technical solutions for ecological environment management. Create a collaborative innovation community for improving regional environmental quality in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and implement innovative scientific and technological projects for improving regional environmental quality. Innovate the technical methods and governance models for the protection and restoration of ecological barrier belts such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, develop key technologies such as ecological environment monitoring and early warning, ecological restoration, biodiversity protection, ecological protection red line evaluation and management, and ecological corridor construction, and establish a number of scientific and technological demonstration zones for ecological protection and restoration. Support the research and development of environmental monitoring and early warning network systems and key technologies and equipment such as ecology, soil, atmosphere and greenhouse gases, and support the research and development of monitoring, early warning and emergency disposal technologies, remote sensing monitoring technologies, data analysis and service products, and high-end environmental monitoring instruments. Carry out research in the fields of pollution characteristics and environmental effects of hazardous wastes in key industries, traceability and rapid identification of hazardous wastes, risk prevention and control in the whole process, and information management technology, and accelerate the establishment of a technical specification system for hazardous wastes. Establish a system of methods, procedures and technical specifications for environmental and health risk assessment of chemicals.Strengthen the decision-making of eco-environmental management to support scientific research, and carry out research and application of multi-pollutant collaborative control, eco-environmental system simulation, pollution source analysis, eco-environmental protection planning, eco-environmental damage assessment, grid management, green GDP accounting and other technical methods.

Improve the environmental standards and technical policy system.Study and formulate environmental standards, revise soil environmental quality standards, improve the emission standard system of volatile organic compounds, and strictly implement pollutant emission standards. Accelerate the formulation, revision and implementation of pollutant emission standards for motor vehicles and non-road mobile sources and quality standards for fuel products. Release and implement the emission limits and measurement methods of marine engine exhaust pollutants (Phase I and II in China), emission limits and measurement methods of light and heavy vehicles (Phase VI in China), emission limits and measurement methods of motorcycles and mopeds (Phase IV in China) and emission standards of livestock and poultry breeding pollutants. Revise the emission standards of motor vehicles in use, and strive to implement the national IV emission standards for non-road mobile machinery. Improve the technical policy of environmental protection and establish technical specifications for the supervision of ecological protection red line. Improve the evaluation index system of cleaner production in key industries such as steel, cement and chemical industry. Accelerate the formulation and improvement of technical policies in key industries such as electric power, metallurgy and non-ferrous metals, as well as in key areas such as urban and rural garbage disposal, pollution prevention of motor vehicles, boats and off-road mobile machinery, and agricultural non-point source pollution prevention. Establish harmless management standards and technical systems for hazardous waste utilization and disposal.

Section IV Promoting Regional Green Coordinated Development

Promote the green and coordinated development of the four regions.The western region should adhere to ecological priority, strengthen ecological environmental protection, enhance the function of ecological security barrier, build ecological product supply areas, and rationally develop strategic resources such as oil, coal and natural gas, as well as characteristic resources such as eco-tourism and agricultural and livestock products. Northeast China should strengthen the protection of forest ecosystems such as Daxing ‘anling and Changbai Mountain, and the construction of sand control belts in the north, strengthen the soil environmental protection of wetlands and agricultural land in the northeast plain, and promote the revitalization of old industrial bases. Based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, the central region should undertake industrial transfer in an orderly manner, promote the construction of Poyang Lake, Dongting Lake ecological economic zone and Hanjiang River and Huaihe River ecological economic zones, study and build a number of ecological corridors along river basins and traffic passages, and strengthen the protection and governance of water environment. The eastern region should expand the ecological space, improve the utilization efficiency of environmental resources, accelerate the industrial upgrading, and take the lead in improving the quality of the ecological environment.

Promote the green construction of the "Belt and Road".Strengthen existing multi-bilateral cooperation mechanisms such as China, Russia, China and Kazakhstan, China-ASEAN and Shanghai Cooperation Organization, actively carry out environmental cooperation between Lancang River and Mekong River, carry out all-round and multi-channel dialogue and exchange activities, strengthen exchanges and cooperation with environmental officials, scholars and youth of countries along the route, carry out ecological and environmental protection public welfare activities, implement the Green Silk Road Messenger Plan, and share China’s ideas and practical experiences of ecological civilization and green development. Establish and improve the management system of green investment and green trade, and implement the environmental protection guidelines for foreign investment cooperation. Carry out the construction of technical cooperation parks and demonstration bases for environmental protection industry, and promote the environmental protection industry to go global. Establish green brands with high-quality production capacity such as railways, electric power, automobiles, communications, new energy and steel in China. Promote the upgrading and innovation of industrial structure in provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) along the "Belt and Road" and promote the extension of the green industrial chain; Carry out environmental assessment of key strategies and key projects to improve the ability to prevent and respond to ecological and environmental risks. Compile and implement the regional ecological and environmental protection plan along the "Belt and Road" in China.

Promote coordinated protection in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei.Based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, optimize the layout of economic development and ecological environment functions, and expand environmental capacity and ecological space. Accelerate the green transformation of traditional manufacturing industry in Tianjin. Promote Hebei to undertake the transfer of Beijing’s non-capital functions and the transformation of Beijing-Tianjin scientific and technological achievements in an orderly manner. Strengthen regional environmental cooperation, jointly carry out pollution control of air, rivers and lakes, strengthen the construction of regional ecological barriers, jointly build Bashang Plateau ecological protection zone and Yanshan-Taihang Mountain ecological conservation zone, and promote the wide application of new energy sources such as photovoltaics. Innovate the mechanism of eco-environment linkage management, build a regional integrated eco-environment monitoring network, eco-environment information network and eco-environment emergency warning system, establish a regional eco-environmental coordination mechanism, a unified water resources allocation system, and a cross-regional joint supervision and law enforcement mechanism, and establish and improve a regional ecological protection compensation mechanism and a cross-regional emission trading market. By 2020, the eco-environmental protection cooperation mechanism in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region will operate effectively, and the eco-environmental quality will be significantly improved.

Promote the Yangtze River Economic Belt and jointly protect it.Give priority to protecting and restoring the ecological environment of the Yangtze River, promote the construction of ecological civilization in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and build a green ecological corridor with clear water, clear land and blue sky. Coordinate water resources, water environment and water ecology, promote the coordinated development of the upper, middle and lower reaches, the interactive cooperation between the eastern, central and western regions, strengthen the linkage between cross-departmental and cross-regional supervision and emergency coordination, take the implementation of major ecological restoration projects as a priority option to promote the development projects of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, and pay great attention to protection instead of large-scale development. Coordinate the rich and diverse ecological elements of rivers and lakes, and build an ecological security pattern with the main and tributaries of the Yangtze River as meridians, landscapes, forests and lakes as an organic whole, harmonious relationship between rivers and lakes, excellent water quality in the basin, sufficient ecological flow, effective soil and water conservation and diverse biological species. In the upstream area, water conservation, soil and water conservation function and biodiversity protection should be strengthened, water resources should be rationally developed and utilized, and the ecological impact of hydropower development should be strictly controlled; The middle reaches focus on coordinating the relationship between rivers and lakes to ensure the water quality safety of Danjiangkou Reservoir; The downstream area will accelerate industrial transformation and upgrading, focus on the restoration of degraded water ecosystems, strengthen the protection of drinking water sources, strictly control the occupation of ecological space around towns, and carry out water pollution control in river network areas. Properly handle the relationship between rivers and lakes, implement joint dispatching of reservoirs in the main stream of the Yangtze River, the "Four Rivers" in the upper reaches of Dongting Lake and the "Five Rivers" in the upper reaches of Poyang Lake, and ensure the ecological flow of the main tributaries of the Yangtze River and the ecological water level of the two lakes. Overall planning, intensive use of the Yangtze River shoreline resources, control the intensity of shoreline development. Strengthen cross-border water quality section assessment and promote collaborative governance.

Chapter IV Deepening Quality Management and Vigorously Implementing Three Action Plans

Focusing on improving environmental quality, we will promote joint prevention and control and river basin governance, and formulate construction drawings for three major pollution prevention and control action plans: air, water and soil. According to the regional, watershed and type differences, we should implement multi-pollutant collaborative control to improve the pertinence and effectiveness of control measures. Implement the bottom line management of environmental quality, strive to achieve environmental quality standards in stages, and implement the list of governance responsibilities to solve outstanding environmental problems around the masses.

Section 1: Improving the quality of atmospheric environment by zoning policies

Implement the target management of atmospheric environmental quality and the plan of reaching the standard within a time limit.All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should carry out situation analysis, regularly assess and publish atmospheric environmental quality information according to the national atmospheric environmental quality standards. Strengthen the process management of objectives and tasks, further promote the withdrawal of excess capacity in heavily polluting industries such as steel and cement, vigorously promote the use of clean energy, promote the upgrading of motor vehicles and oil products standards, strengthen the quality supervision of energy products such as oil products, strengthen the pollution control of mobile sources, and increase the pollution control of urban dust and scattered sources and domestic sources of small and micro enterprises. In-depth implementation of the Action Plan for the Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, the emissions of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter will be greatly reduced, the prevention and control of volatile organic compounds will be launched in an all-round way, and the pilot of atmospheric ammonia emission control will be carried out, so that the concentrations of sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide in cities at prefecture level and above will all meet the standards, the concentrations of fine particulate matter and inhalable particulate matter will drop significantly, the concentration of nitrogen dioxide will continue to drop, and the concentration of ozone will remain stable and strive to improve. The implementation of urban atmospheric environmental quality target management, the city has reached the standard, should strengthen protection and continuous improvement; Cities that fail to meet the standards shall determine the time limit for reaching the standards, announce it to the public, formulate and implement the plan for reaching the standards within the time limit, and clarify the timetable, road map and key tasks for reaching the standards.

Strengthen the response to heavy polluted weather.Strengthen the operation and management of air quality forecasting centers at all levels, improve the accuracy of forecasting, release air quality forecasting information in a timely manner, and realize the nationwide sharing and online release of forecasting information. Improve the regional joint early warning mechanism for severe and above polluted weather, and strengthen the ability to predict and forecast atmospheric environmental quality in Northeast China, Northwest China, Chengdu-Chongqing and Central China. Improve the emergency plan system, formulate technical regulations for evaluating the implementation of emergency plans for heavily polluted weather, and strengthen the inspection and evaluation of the implementation of the plans. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and cities at or above the prefecture level shall timely revise emergency plans for heavy polluted weather, carry out analysis on the causes of heavy polluted weather and the sources of pollutants, scientifically formulate targeted emission reduction measures, and update the list of emergency emission reduction measures every year. Start emergency response measures in time to improve the effectiveness of heavy pollution weather response. Strengthen supervision and supervision, and interview, notify and supervise local governments that are not timely and have ineffective measures as appropriate.

Deepen joint prevention and control of regional air pollution.Comprehensively deepen the joint prevention and control of air pollution in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta, establish a normalized regional cooperation mechanism, and unify planning, standards, monitoring and prevention in the region. Formulate and implement unified environmental protection standards, sewage charging policies and energy consumption policies for key industries and fields, and unify the management standards for obsolete vehicles and vehicles in use. The total coal consumption should be strictly controlled in key areas. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Shandong, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta and other regions, as well as the top 10 cities with poor air quality rankings, which are greatly affected by coal burning, should achieve negative growth in coal consumption. Promote the accelerated elimination of old vehicles and ships and the transformation of anti-pollution facilities and equipment through market-oriented methods, and strengthen the supervision of environmental protection standards for newly produced motor vehicles and off-road mobile machinery. We will carry out clean diesel engines, strengthen the management of high-emission construction machinery, heavy-duty diesel vehicles and agricultural machinery, carry out environmental inspection of diesel vehicle registration in key areas, and carry out environmental inspection of freight vehicles, passenger vehicles and buses at home. Increase the proportion of new energy vehicles in public vehicles, and cities with conditions will basically realize the new energy of public transportation before the end of 2017. Implement the management policies of ship emission control zones in the Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei waters around Bohai Sea, give priority to the use of shore power for ships berthing in Hong Kong, build remote sensing monitoring sites for ship air pollutant emission and oil quality monitoring, carry out ship emission monitoring and joint supervision in the ship emission control zones, and build a supervision system for motor vehicles, ships and oil products to meet environmental standards. Accelerate the upgrading of non-road mobile source oil products.Strengthen the supervision and comprehensive management of urban roads, construction and other dust.

Significantly reduce the concentration of particulate matter in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei and surrounding areas.Focusing on Beijing, Baoding and Langfang, we will focus on loose coal control in winter, comprehensive management of key industries, motor vehicle supervision and heavy pollution weather response, strengthen the management and supervision of overhead sources, and improve regional air quality. Increase the proportion of external power transmission, increase the supply of non-fossil energy, implement natural gas instead of coal projects in key cities, promote electricity to replace coal, and greatly reduce the use of loose coal in winter. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the total coal consumption of five provinces (cities) in Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong and Henan decreased by about 10%. Accelerate the construction of vehicle emission monitoring platform in the region, focusing on heavy-duty diesel vehicles and high-emission vehicles. By 2020, the pollution situation of regional fine particles will be significantly improved, and the ozone concentration will be basically stable.

Obviously reduce the concentration of fine particles in the Yangtze River Delta region.Accelerate the adjustment of industrial structure, and eliminate substandard production capacity such as energy consumption and environmental protection according to law. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the total coal consumption of Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces (cities) decreased by about 5%, and coal-fired boilers below 35 tons were basically eliminated in the built-up areas of cities at prefecture level and above. Comprehensively promote the comprehensive improvement of volatile organic compounds in oil refining, petrochemical, industrial painting, printing and other industries. By 2020, the concentration of fine particles in the Yangtze River Delta region will drop significantly, and the ozone concentration will be basically stable.

Vigorously promote the Pearl River Delta region to take the lead in achieving the basic standard of atmospheric environmental quality.Coordinate the prevention and control of fine particulate matter and ozone pollution, focusing on the coordinated control of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides. Accelerate the industrial transformation and upgrading in the region, adjust and optimize the energy structure, implement central heating in industrial parks and industrial clusters, and develop large gas-fired heating boilers conditionally. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the total coal consumption in the Pearl River Delta region decreased by about 10%. Focus on promoting petrochemical, chemical, oil storage and transportation, automobile manufacturing, shipbuilding (maintenance), container manufacturing, printing, furniture manufacturing, shoe-making and other industries to carry out comprehensive remediation of volatile organic compounds. By 2020, the atmospheric environmental quality in the Pearl River Delta region will basically reach the standard, and severe and above polluted weather will basically be eliminated.

In the second quarter, precise efforts were made to improve the quality of water environment

Implement water environment quality target management based on control unit.According to the main functional area planning and administrative division, the land control unit is delineated, and a three-level zoning system of river basin, water ecological control area and water environment control unit is established. Implement the target management of watershed water environment quality based on the control unit as the spatial basis, the cross-section water quality as the management objective, and the sewage permit system as the core. Optimize the monitoring network of the water quality section of the control unit, establish the feedback mechanism of the water quality response of the control unit, clearly divide the responsibility of the water environment quality of the control unit, and strictly control the pollutant discharge. Fully implement the "river length system". In the Yellow River, Huaihe River and other river basins, the ecological flow (water level) is determined scientifically by stages, which is an important reference for river basin water regulation. In-depth implementation of the Water Pollution Prevention Action Plan, the implementation of the pollution control responsibility of the control unit, and the completion of the objectives and tasks. The control unit that mainly discharges stationary pollution sources shall determine the emission control targets of key water pollutants and major pollutants exceeding the standard in the region and river basin, implement the pollutant discharge permit based on the requirements of improving water quality, and implement the pollution control tasks one by one to all pollutant discharge units (including sewage treatment plants and large-scale livestock and poultry breeding units with discharge outlets) in the control unit. For control units with non-point source (dispersed source) pollution or serious water shortage, measures such as policy incentives, strengthening supervision and ensuring ecological base flow should be adopted to improve the water ecological environment. Since 2017, all provinces should regularly disclose the target management of water environmental quality of control units to the public.

Implement comprehensive management of river basin pollution.Implementation of water pollution prevention and control planning in key river basins. Governments and departments at all levels in the upper and lower reaches of the river basin should strengthen coordination and cooperation, hold regular consultations, and implement joint monitoring, joint law enforcement, emergency response and information sharing. Strengthen the systematic protection of the Yangtze River basin, increase the protection of aquatic biodiversity, and strengthen the prevention and control of water traffic and ship port pollution. Implement comprehensive control of total phosphorus pollution in Minjiang River, Tuojiang River, Wujiang River, Qingshui River and Yichang section of the main stream of the Yangtze River, and effectively control total phosphorus pollution in Guizhou, Sichuan, Hubei and Yunnan. Taihu Lake adheres to comprehensive management, enhances the ecosystem function of the basin, prevents the outbreak of cyanobacteria and ensures the safety of drinking water; Chaohu Lake strengthens the total control of nitrogen and phosphorus, improves the water quality of rivers entering the lake and restores the ecological function of the lakeside; Dianchi Lake will strengthen the total control of nitrogen and phosphorus, focus on preventing and controlling urban sewage and agricultural non-point source pollution from entering the lake, carry out ecological restoration step by step, and gradually restore the aquatic ecosystem. Haihe River Basin emphasizes water saving and reclaimed water utilization, strengthens cross-border water treatment, focuses on urban and rural black and odorous water bodies, and ensures the ecological water demand of Baiyangdian Lake, Hengshui Lake and Yongding River. The Huaihe River Basin has greatly reduced the emission intensity of pollutants from industries such as papermaking, fertilizer and brewing, effectively controlled ammonia nitrogen pollution, continuously improved the water quality of tributaries such as Honghe, Guohe, Yinghe, Huiji and Baohe, and effectively prevented and controlled sudden pollution incidents. The Yellow River Basin focuses on controlling the emissions of coal chemical and petrochemical enterprises, continuously improving the water quality of tributaries such as Fenhe River, Sushui River, General Drainage, Dahei River, Wuliangsuhai River and Huangshui River, and reducing the water environmental risks in the middle and upper reaches. Songhua River basin has continuously improved the water quality of tributaries such as Ashe River and Yitong River.Focus on solving pollution problems in petrochemical, brewing, pharmaceutical, paper and other industries, increase water ecological protection, further increase the number of wild fish populations, and accelerate the restoration of wetland ecosystems. The Liaohe River Basin has greatly reduced the emission intensity of pollutants from petrochemical, paper-making, chemical, agricultural and sideline food processing industries, continuously improved the water quality of tributaries such as Hunhe River, Taizi River, Tiaozi River and Zhaosutai River, significantly restored the aquatic ecosystem and fully restored the wetland ecosystem. Establish and improve the joint pollution prevention and control systems in Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan in the Pearl River Basin, focusing on ensuring the water quality safety of Dongjiang and Xijiang rivers and improving the water ecological environment in the Pearl River Delta region.

Give priority to protecting good water bodies.Implement the whole process supervision from water source to faucet, and continuously improve the level of drinking water safety. Local people’s governments at all levels and water supply units should regularly monitor, test and evaluate the drinking water safety status of drinking water sources, water supply plant effluent and user tap water quality within their respective administrative areas. Cities at or above the prefecture level will disclose information on drinking water safety to the public every quarter, and cities at or above the county level will be open to the public every quarter from 2018. Carry out standardized construction of drinking water sources and clean up illegal buildings and sewage outlets in drinking water source protection areas according to law. Strengthen the protection of rural drinking water sources and implement the consolidation and upgrading project of rural drinking water safety. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should basically complete the delineation of centralized drinking water source protection areas in towns and above before the end of 2017, and carry out regular monitoring, investigation and evaluation. By 2020, the water quality of centralized drinking water sources in prefecture-level and above cities will reach or be better than Class III, and the proportion will be higher than 93%. Carry out ecological environment safety assessment on the source of rivers and the rivers, lakes and reservoirs with current water quality reaching or better than Class III, and formulate and implement ecological environment protection plans. Dongjiang, Luanhe, Qiandao Lake and Nansi Lake will be completed before the end of 2017. Seven key river basins have formulated and implemented aquatic biodiversity protection programs.

Promote comprehensive prevention and control of groundwater pollution.Regularly investigate and evaluate the environmental conditions of centralized groundwater drinking water source replenishment areas and areas around pollution sources. Strengthen the supervision of groundwater environment in key industries and take prevention and control measures to effectively reduce the risk of groundwater pollution. Publish a list of groundwater contaminated plots, control risks, and carry out pilot projects for groundwater pollution remediation. By 2020, the increasing trend of groundwater pollution in China will be initially curbed, and the proportion of groundwater with extremely poor quality will be controlled at around 15%.

Vigorously rectify urban black and odorous water bodies.Establish a list of heavily polluted water bodies such as black and odorous water bodies in built-up areas of cities at or above the prefecture level, formulate remediation plans, refine phased objectives and task arrangements, and announce the annual progress of remediation and water quality improvement to the public. Establish a national regulatory platform for urban black and odorous water remediation, publish a national list of black and odorous water bodies, and accept public comments. Cities publish the list of black and odorous water bodies, the deadline for remediation, the responsible person, the progress and effect of remediation in the local mainstream media; Establish a long-term mechanism to carry out daily maintenance and supervision of water bodies. By the end of 2017, black and odorous water bodies will be basically eliminated in the built-up areas of municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capital cities and cities with separate plans, and other prefecture-level cities will realize no large-scale floating objects on the river surface, no garbage on the river banks and no illegal sewage outlets; By 2020, the proportion of black and odorous water bodies in the built-up areas of cities at prefecture level and above will be controlled within 10%, and other cities will strive to eliminate severe black and odorous water bodies to a large extent.

Improve the ecological environment quality of estuaries and coastal waters.We will implement pollution prevention and control programs in coastal waters and intensify pollution control in coastal waters such as the Bohai Sea and the East China Sea. Strengthen the supervision of pollution sources directly discharged into the sea and coastal industrial parks, and prevent and control land-based oil spills in coastal areas from polluting the sea. Carry out ballast water and pollutant treatment for ships sailing internationally. Standardize the setting of sewage outlets into the sea, and comprehensively clean up illegal or unreasonable sewage outlets into the sea before the end of 2017. By 2020, rivers in coastal provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) will basically eliminate water bodies inferior to Class V. We will implement comprehensive management of the Blue Bay, focusing on the pollution control of estuaries and bays such as the Yellow River Estuary, the Yangtze River Estuary, the Minjiang River Estuary, the Pearl River Estuary, Liaodong Bay, Bohai Bay, Jiaozhou Bay, Hangzhou Bay and Beibu Gulf. Strict fishing ban measures. Control the density of offshore aquaculture, promote ecological and healthy aquaculture, vigorously carry out the proliferation and release of aquatic organisms, and strengthen the construction of artificial reefs and marine pastures. Strengthen the ecological protection and restoration of coastal areas, implement the wetland restoration project of "South Red Willow and North Willow", and strictly control the reclamation activities in ecologically sensitive areas. By 2020, the national natural coastline (excluding island coastline) will be maintained at a rate of not less than 35%, and 1,000 kilometers of coastline will be rehabilitated. We will build a number of marine nature reserves, special marine reserves and aquatic germplasm conservation zone, implement ecological island reef projects and strengthen the protection of rare marine species.

Section III Classified Prevention and Control of Soil Environmental Pollution

Promote the construction of basic investigation and monitoring networks.We will fully implement the Action Plan for Soil Pollution Prevention and Control, focus on agricultural land and land used by enterprises in key industries, carry out detailed investigation of soil pollution, find out the area and distribution of soil pollution in agricultural land and its impact on the quality of agricultural products before the end of 2018, and master the distribution of contaminated plots and their environmental risks in land used by enterprises in key industries before the end of 2020. Carry out risk investigation in areas where soil environmental problems are concentrated, such as dismantling of electronic waste, recycling of waste plastics, informal landfills and tailings ponds left over from history, and establish a risk control list. Unified planning, integration and optimization of soil environmental quality monitoring points. Give full play to the role of the industry monitoring network, support local governments to supplement and increase the number of monitoring points, increase the monitoring items of characteristic pollutants, and increase the monitoring frequency. By the end of 2017, the national monitoring points of soil environmental quality will be set up, and the national soil environmental quality monitoring network will be built, basically forming the soil environmental monitoring capacity; By 2020, all counties (cities, districts) will be fully covered by soil environmental quality monitoring points.

Implement classified management of agricultural land soil environment.According to the degree of pollution, agricultural land is divided into three categories, unpolluted and slightly polluted are classified as priority protection categories, lightly and moderately polluted are classified as safe use categories, and heavily polluted are classified as strict control categories, and corresponding management measures are taken respectively. The people’s governments at the provincial level shall give early warning and remind the counties (cities, districts) where the area of priority protected cultivated land is reduced or the quality of soil environment is declining within their respective administrative areas, and take restrictive measures such as environmental impact assessment and approval restriction according to law. The qualified priority protected cultivated land will be classified as permanent basic farmland, and strict protection will be implemented to ensure that its area will not decrease and the quality of soil environment will not decline. According to the situation of soil pollution and agricultural products exceeding the standard, counties (cities, districts) with concentrated safe use of cultivated land should formulate and implement the safe use plan of contaminated cultivated land in combination with local main crop varieties and planting habits, and take measures such as agronomic regulation and alternative planting to reduce the risk of agricultural products exceeding the standard. We will strengthen the use management of strictly controlled cultivated land, designate areas where specific agricultural products are prohibited from production according to law, and prohibit the cultivation of edible agricultural products, and continue to carry out pilot projects for the restoration of cultivated land contaminated by heavy metals and the adjustment of crop planting structure in Changsha, Zhuzhou and Xiangtan, Hunan. By 2020, the planting structure of heavily polluted cultivated land will be adjusted or the area of returning farmland to forests and grasslands will strive to reach 20 million mu.

Strengthen environmental risk control of construction land.Establish a compulsory investigation and evaluation system for soil environmental quality of construction land. Construct a management and policy system that integrates the quality of soil environment, the restoration of contaminated plots and the re-development and utilization of land. Since 2017, the land use right holder shall be responsible for the investigation and evaluation of the soil environmental conditions of the enterprises in the industries of non-ferrous metal smelting, petroleum processing, chemical industry, coking, electroplating, tanning, etc., and the above-mentioned enterprises whose uses are to be changed to public facilities such as residence, business, schools, medical care and pension institutions; Has been recovered, by the local city and county people’s government is responsible for the investigation and evaluation. Incorporate the requirements of soil environmental management of construction land into urban planning and land supply management, and land development and utilization must meet the requirements of soil environmental quality. For the polluted plots that are not developed and utilized temporarily or do not have the conditions for remediation at this stage, the local people’s government at the county level shall organize the delineation of control areas, set up signs, issue announcements, and carry out environmental monitoring of soil, surface water, groundwater and air.

Carry out soil pollution control and remediation.For typical polluted agricultural land and contaminated plots, we will implement 200 pilot projects for the application of soil pollution control and remediation technologies in batches, and accelerate the establishment and improvement of technical systems. Since 2017, all localities should gradually establish a list of contaminated land and its negative list of development and utilization, and reasonably determine the land use. Cities with concentrated distribution of polluted plots such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, northeast old industrial base areas and mineral resource-exhausted cities should carry out standardized and orderly treatment and restoration of reclaimed polluted plots. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) with concentrated distribution of polluted farmland such as the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Chengdu Plain and Pearl River Basin should prepare and implement pollution farmland control and restoration plans before the end of 2018. Before the end of 2017, the measures for the lifelong accountability of the responsible parties for soil pollution control and remediation will be issued. Establish a supervision system for the whole process of soil pollution control and remediation, strictly review the remediation plan, strengthen the supervision and inspection of the remediation process, and carry out third-party evaluation of remediation effectiveness.

Strengthen the prevention and control of soil pollution in key areas.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region focuses on the contaminated plots left by the city’s "retreat from two to three", strictly controls the risk of soil environment in the development and utilization of construction land, and increases the monitoring and supervision of soil environment in sewage irrigation areas and facilities agriculture concentrated areas. Northeast China has strengthened the protection of black land, and adopted measures such as returning straw to the field, increasing the application of organic fertilizer, and rotating fallow to implement comprehensive management. In the Pearl River Delta region, the environmental supervision on the development and utilization of polluted plots is strengthened, focusing on the polluted plots left by heavily polluting enterprises such as chemical industry, electroplating, printing and dyeing. In Xiangjiang River Basin, heavy metal pollution such as cadmium and arsenic is the focus, and measures such as agronomic regulation, planting structure adjustment and returning farmland to forest and grassland are taken to strictly control the risk of agricultural products exceeding the standard. The southwestern region focuses on the prevention and control of environmental pollution risks caused by the development of mineral resources such as nonferrous metals and phosphate rocks, and strengthens the treatment of soil pollution left over from history such as phosphorus, mercury and lead. In Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, Huangshi, Hubei Province, Changde, Hunan Province, Shaoguan, Guangdong Province, Hechi, Guangxi Province, Tongren, Guizhou Province and other six regions, the construction of comprehensive soil pollution prevention and control pilot areas was started.

Chapter V Implementing special treatment to comprehensively promote the discharge up to standard and pollution reduction.

Taking the discharge of pollution sources as the bottom line and the promotion of key projects as the starting point, we will reform and improve the total amount control system, promote the coordinated pollution control and emission reduction of multi-pollutants in the industry, strengthen urban and rural overall management, strictly control the increment, greatly reduce the stock of pollutants and reduce the pressure on the ecological environment.

The first section implements the comprehensive discharge plan of industrial pollution sources.

Industrial pollution sources will be fully monitored and information disclosed.Industrial enterprises should establish an environmental management ledger system, carry out self-monitoring, truthfully declare, and those belonging to key pollutant discharge units should also fulfill their information disclosure obligations according to law. Standardized rectification of sewage outlets will be implemented. Before the end of 2018, industrial enterprises should further standardize the setting of sewage outlets and prepare annual pollution discharge status reports. Sewage enterprises shall fully implement online monitoring, and local people’s governments at all levels shall improve the mechanism of excessive discharge and abnormal alarm of pollutants from key sewage units, gradually realize the unified collection and public release of monitoring data of industrial pollution sources, continuously strengthen social supervision, and supervise and inspect the performance of enterprises’ law-abiding commitments. Before the end of 2019, establish a national environmental supervision information platform for industrial enterprises.

Investigate and publish the list of substandard industrial pollution sources.All localities should strengthen supervision and inspection of industrial pollution sources, comprehensively promote the "double random" spot check system, implement color evaluation of environmental credit, and encourage the exploration and implementation of quantitative management of enterprises’ excessive emission scores. Give a "yellow card" warning to enterprises whose pollutant emissions exceed the standard or whose key pollutants exceed the total amount, and restrict production or stop production for rectification; Enterprises that still can’t meet the requirements after rectification and the circumstances are serious will be punished with "red card" and closed down within a time limit. Starting from 2017, local people’s governments at all levels shall formulate a comprehensive discharge plan for industrial pollution sources in their respective administrative areas, set annual work targets, and publish a list of "yellow card" and "red card" enterprises to the society every quarter. The Ministry of Environmental Protection will intensify spot checks and verification, and notify and supervise local governments in areas where enterprises exceed the standard and where enterprises exceed the standard are concentrated.

Implement the transformation of enterprises in key industries to meet the emission standards within a time limit.Establish a mechanism for open selection, popularization and application of practical technologies for pollution control in different industries, and release pollution control technologies in key industries. We will formulate and implement rectification plans for key industries within a time limit in different basins and regions, upgrade and transform environmental protection facilities, intensify inspection and verification, and ensure stable compliance. Focus on steel, cement, petrochemical, non-ferrous metals, glass, coal-fired boilers, paper making, printing and dyeing, chemical industry, coking, nitrogen fertilizer, agricultural and sideline food processing, raw material medicine manufacturing, leather making, pesticides, electroplating and other industries, and promote the transformation of industry emission standards.

Improve centralized sewage treatment facilities in industrial parks.Implement "sewage separation and rain sewage separation" to realize classified collection and quality treatment of wastewater. Enterprises entering the park should be connected to centralized sewage treatment facilities for treatment after reaching the national or local discharge standards. The total discharge port of centralized sewage treatment facilities in the park should be equipped with automatic monitoring system and video monitoring system, and connected with the competent department of environmental protection. Demonstration of standardized transformation of centralized sewage treatment in industrial parks.

Section II Deepening the Emission Reduction of Key Pollutants

Reform and improve the total control system.Focusing on improving environmental quality, focusing on major emission reduction projects, combining up and down, scientifically determining total control requirements and implementing differentiated management. Optimize the total emission reduction accounting system, implement verification accounting with the provincial level as the main body, promote independent emission reduction management, and encourage measures to continuously and effectively improve environmental quality to be included in emission reduction accounting. Strengthen the scheduling of major ecological and environmental protection projects, early warning and notification of areas with lagging progress, and take the initiative to disclose the emission reduction projects and indicators in various places to the public. The assessment of total emission reduction is subject to the assessment of environmental quality, focusing on the areas where the environmental quality does not meet the standard and the emission reduction data is obviously inconsistent with the changing trend of environmental quality. According to the environmental protection supervision, daily supervision and inspection and the implementation of pollutant discharge permits, the provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) will implement "double random" spot checks on the management of independent emission reduction. Vigorously promote regional and industrial total control, encourage local governments to implement total control of characteristic pollutants, and incorporate them into local national economic and social development plans.

Promote the construction of pollution control and emission reduction projects.All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should formulate and implement special treatment plans for ten key water-related industries such as papermaking, printing and dyeing, and greatly reduce the intensity of pollutant discharge. Power, steel, textile, paper making, petroleum and petrochemical, chemical industry, food fermentation and other high water-consuming industries have reached advanced quota standards. Focusing on the ultra-low emission transformation of coal-fired power plants, we will comprehensively control key industries such as electric power, steel, building materials, petrochemicals and non-ferrous metals, and implement coordinated control of multiple pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, smoke dust and heavy metals. All provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should formulate special treatment plans and make them public before the end of 2017, and publicly expose the projects that are not in place. Formulate pollution control technical policies by industry, and cultivate demonstration enterprises and demonstration projects.

Control the emission of volatile organic compounds from key industries in key areas.Comprehensively strengthen the control of volatile organic compounds in key industries such as petrochemical, organic chemical, surface coating, packaging and printing. The provinces with serious fine particles and ozone pollution will implement the total amount control of volatile organic pollutants in the industry, and formulate the total amount control targets and implementation plans of volatile organic pollutants. Strengthen the coordinated emission reduction of volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides, establish a list of fixed source, mobile source and non-point source emissions, and implement key emission reduction of volatile organic compounds such as aromatic hydrocarbons, olefins, alkynes, aldehydes and ketones. Carry out the special action of "ldar" in petrochemical industry to control unorganized emissions. All localities should define the time limit, complete the oil and gas recovery and management of gas stations, oil storage depots and tanker trucks, increase the oil and gas recovery rate to over 90%, and accelerate the oil and gas recovery and management of crude oil and refined oil terminals. In the coating industry, the substitution of low volatile organic compounds, improvement of coating technology and equipment, and construction of volatile organic compounds collection and treatment facilities will be implemented. In the printing industry, the substitution of raw materials and auxiliary materials with low volatile organic compounds content was carried out in an all-round way, and the production process was improved. Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounding areas, the Yangtze River Delta region, the Pearl River Delta region, and urban agglomerations such as Chengdu-Chongqing, Wuhan and its surrounding areas, central Liaoning, Shaanxi Guanzhong, and Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan have comprehensively strengthened the control of volatile organic compounds.

The total amount of total phosphorus and total nitrogen in the waters exceeding the standard shall be controlled in river basins and regions.The control unit of total phosphorus exceeding the standard and the upstream related areas should implement total phosphorus control, define the control indicators as binding indicators, and formulate water quality improvement plans. Focus on the construction and transformation of production technology and sewage treatment facilities of 100 phosphate mining and phosphorus chemical enterprises. Vigorously promote the reuse of wastewater from ammonium phosphate production, promote the comprehensive processing and utilization of phosphogypsum, and ensure that the phosphorus recovery rate of phosphoric acid production enterprises reaches over 96%. In coastal cities at or above prefecture level and rivers flowing into eutrophic lakes and reservoirs, total nitrogen control should be implemented, the sources of total nitrogen pollution should be analyzed, the key control areas, fields and industries should be clearly defined, the total nitrogen control scheme should be formulated, and the total nitrogen should be included in the regional total control indicators. Nitrogen fertilizer, monosodium glutamate and other industries improve the utilization efficiency of auxiliary materials and increase resource recovery. Printing and dyeing industries reduce the use of urea or use urea instead of additives. Papermaking and other industries will speed up the fine management of wastewater treatment facilities and strictly control the dosage of nutrients. Strengthen biological phosphorus and nitrogen removal processes in urban sewage treatment plants, and implement coordinated control of total phosphorus and total nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen in livestock and poultry breeding.

Section III Strengthening Infrastructure Construction

Accelerate the improvement of urban sewage treatment system.We will comprehensively strengthen urban sewage treatment and supporting pipe network construction, increase the transformation of rainwater and sewage diversion and mixed sewage pipe network, give priority to sewage interception, collection and management in urban villages, old urban areas and urban-rural fringe areas, and eliminate the phenomenon of river backward flow and groundwater infiltration. By 2020, all counties and key towns in China will have the capacity of sewage collection and treatment, and the sewage treatment rates of cities and counties will reach about 95% and 85% respectively, and all sewage collection and treatment will be basically realized in the built-up areas of cities at prefecture level and above. Improve the level of sewage recycling and sludge disposal, and vigorously promote the stabilization, harmlessness and resource treatment and disposal of sludge. The harmless treatment and disposal rate of sludge in prefecture-level and above cities will reach 90%, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region will reach 95%. To control the initial rainwater pollution, rainwater discharged into natural water bodies must be purified by shoreline, and the construction and renovation of coastal intercepting trunk pipes should be accelerated to control leakage and sewage overflow pollution caused by combined system. According to local conditions, one river, one policy, multi-pronged approach of pollution control and endogenous pollution control, scientific remediation of urban black and odorous water bodies; According to local conditions, urban sewage treatment plants should be upgraded, and wetland ecological treatment system should be built if conditions permit, so as to strengthen the resource and energy utilization of wastewater. Urban sewage treatment facilities in sensitive areas (key lakes, key reservoirs, and coastal water catchment areas) should fully meet the first-class A discharge standard before the end of 2017. In cities where the water quality in the built-up area can’t meet the Class IV standard of surface water, the newly-built urban sewage treatment facilities should implement the Class A discharge standard. By 2020, the utilization rate of reclaimed water in water-deficient cities will reach more than 20%.The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region has reached more than 30%. Incorporate the sanitation facilities and sewage treatment facilities of ports and shipbuilding plants into the urban facilities construction planning, and improve the disposal capacity of oily sewage, chemical washing water and domestic sewage. Implement ship ballast water management.

Realize the full coverage of urban garbage treatment and the stable operation of disposal facilities.Accelerate the construction of garbage disposal facilities in county towns and realize the full coverage of urban garbage disposal facilities. Improve the level of reduction, recycling and harmlessness of municipal solid waste treatment. The harmless treatment rate of municipal solid waste in China has reached more than 95%, and more than 90% of village solid waste has been effectively treated. Large and medium-sized cities will focus on the development of domestic waste incineration power generation technology, encourage regional co-construction and sharing of incineration facilities, actively develop biological treatment technology, and rationally co-ordinate landfill treatment technology. By 2020, the garbage incineration treatment rate will reach 40%. Improve the collection, storage and transportation system, set up cities to fully promote closed collection and transportation, and realize dry and wet classified collection and transshipment. Strengthen the treatment and disposal of landfill leachate, incineration fly ash, methane utilization and odor treatment, and disclose the pollutant discharge of garbage disposal facilities to the public. Accelerate the construction of a resource utilization and harmless treatment system for urban kitchen waste, construction waste and waste textiles. Focus on large and medium-sized cities, build demonstration cities (districts) for domestic waste classification and demonstration projects for domestic waste stock control, and build kitchen waste treatment facilities in large and medium-sized cities. Support the collaborative disposal of municipal solid waste in cement kilns.

Promote the construction of sponge cities.Change the concept of urban planning and construction, protect and restore urban ecology. The old city is problem-oriented, with the breakthrough of solving urban waterlogging, rainwater collection and utilization, and black and odorous water treatment, promoting the overall management of the region and avoiding large-scale demolition and construction. The new urban area is goal-oriented, giving priority to protecting the ecological environment and reasonably controlling the development intensity. Comprehensive measures such as "infiltration, stagnation, storage, purification, use and drainage" will be taken to strengthen the construction of sponge-like buildings and communities, sponge-like roads and squares, sponge-like parks and green spaces, rainwater storage and drainage and flood prevention facilities. Vigorously promote the standard construction of urban drainage and flood prevention facilities, and accelerate the transformation and elimination of urban flood-prone points. By 2020, 70% of the rainfall can be absorbed and utilized locally, and the land area will reach more than 20% of the urban built-up area. To strengthen water-saving in cities and towns, water-saving appliances must be adopted in public buildings, and households are encouraged to choose water-saving appliances. By 2020, all water-deficient cities at prefecture level and above will meet the requirements of national water-saving city standards, and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions will be completed one year ahead of schedule.

Increase the supply and use of clean energy.Priority will be given to ensuring that hydropower and clean energy projects such as wind energy, solar energy and biomass energy within the national "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" energy development are connected to the Internet, and the policy of fully guaranteeing the acquisition of renewable energy will be implemented. By 2020, the installed capacity of non-fossil energy will reach 39%. The proportion of coal in total energy consumption fell below 58%. Expand the scope of urban high-pollution fuel no-burn zones, improve the rate of urban gasification, prohibit the use of loose coal in areas covered by heating and gas supply networks in cities at prefecture level and above, and implement the "coal-to-gas" project in key areas and cities such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta to promote the substitution of loose coal in rural areas in northern China. Accelerate the construction of charging facilities for new energy vehicles in cities, and government agencies, large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions will take the lead in supporting the construction and continue to promote new energy vehicles.

Vigorously promote the clean utilization of coal.Strengthen the quality management of commercial coal, restrict the development and sale of coal resources with high sulfur and high ash, and develop coal washing and processing. By 2020, the coal washing rate will increase to over 75%. Vigorously promote the replacement of coal with electricity, gas and other clean energy, and actively promote the replacement of clean coal in areas that do not have the conditions for changing coal into clean fuel. Construction of clean coal distribution center, the establishment of a county (district) as a unit of fully enclosed coal distribution center and clean coal supply network covering all towns and villages. Accelerate the heating transformation of pure condensing (only generating electricity without heating) generator sets, encourage cogeneration units to replace small coal-fired boilers, and promote urban central heating. By 2017, unless it is really necessary to keep it, coal-fired boilers below 10 tons will be basically eliminated in the built-up areas of cities at prefecture level and above.

The fourth quarter to speed up the comprehensive management of agricultural and rural environment

Continue to promote the comprehensive improvement of rural environment.We will continue to carry out the patriotic health campaign in depth, continue to promote urban and rural environmental sanitation rectification actions, and build a healthy, livable and beautiful homeland. We will deepen the policy of "promoting governance with awards", focus on the surrounding areas of important water sources such as the South-to-North Water Transfer Project, the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and the Yangtze River, and promote a new round of contiguous rural environmental remediation. Conditional provinces will carry out full coverage and net-pulling remediation. Carry out treatment according to local conditions, improve the mode of "village collection, town transfer and county treatment" of rural domestic garbage, encourage local resource utilization, speed up the rectification of "garbage around villages" and "garbage around dams", and effectively prevent the transfer of urban garbage to rural areas. The whole county promotes the unified planning, construction and management of rural sewage treatment. Actively promote the extension of urban sewage and garbage treatment facilities and services to rural areas, and carry out harmless transformation of rural toilets. Continue to implement rural cleaning projects and carry out river dredging. By 2020, 130,000 newly established villages will be completed with comprehensive environmental improvement.

Vigorously promote pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding.Designate areas where the construction of large-scale livestock and poultry farms (communities) is prohibited, strengthen the management of zoning and classification, and promote the pollution prevention and control of livestock and poultry breeding in the whole county by using waste as a resource. Centralized treatment of manure and comprehensive utilization of resources will be carried out in intensive aquaculture areas. Before the end of 2017, all regions shall close or relocate livestock and poultry farms (communities) and specialized breeding households in the no-breeding areas according to law. Vigorously support the standardization transformation and construction of large-scale livestock and poultry farms (communities).

Fight the tough battle of agricultural non-point source pollution control.Optimize and adjust the agricultural structure and layout, popularize the clean production technology of resource-saving agriculture, and promote the development of resource-saving, environment-friendly and ecological conservation agriculture. Construction of ecological ditches, sewage purification ponds, surface runoff storage pools and other facilities to purify farmland drainage and surface runoff. Implement the action plan of environmental water organic agriculture. Promote healthy and ecological farming. Implement soil testing and formula fertilization. Promote the clean production of planting industry, carry out the recycling of agricultural film, and take the lead in realizing the zero growth of plastic film production in black land field in Northeast China. In key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta around Bohai Sea, research and demonstration on ammonia prevention and control of key emission sources of planting and aquaculture will be carried out. Study and establish a post-evaluation system for the environmental impact of pesticide use, and formulate measures for the recovery and treatment of pesticide packaging waste. By 2020, the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides will increase to zero, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers will increase to over 40%, and the recovery rate of agricultural film will reach over 80%; The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions were completed one year ahead of schedule.

Strengthen the comprehensive utilization of straw and prohibit burning.Establish a step-by-step supervision and implementation mechanism, combine dredging with blocking, focus on dredging, improve the straw storage system, support the industrialization development of new technologies such as straw replacing wood, fiber raw materials, clean pulping, biomass energy and commercial organic fertilizer, and accelerate the comprehensive utilization of straw; Strengthen measures to ban burning of straw in key areas and key time periods, and continuously improve the supervision level of ban burning.

Chapter VI Implementing full-process control to effectively prevent and reduce environmental risks.

Improve the basic ability of risk prevention and control, incorporate risks into normal management, systematically build a whole-process and multi-level risk prevention system, strictly prevent and control environmental risks in key areas such as heavy metals, hazardous wastes, toxic and harmful chemicals, nuclear and radiation, strengthen the nuclear and radiation safety supervision system and capacity building, effectively control ecological and social environmental risk factors that affect health, and keep the safety bottom line.

Section 1 Improve the risk prevention and control and emergency response system

Strengthen risk assessment and source prevention and control.We will improve the risk assessment system for enterprises’ sudden environmental incidents, promote the classified management of sudden environmental incidents, and strictly supervise enterprises with major sudden environmental incidents. Improve the hazardous waste identification system. Select typical regions, industrial parks and river basins to carry out pilot projects, conduct comprehensive toxicity assessment of wastewater and risk assessment of regional environmental emergencies, which will serve as the basic basis for industry access, industrial layout and structural adjustment, and release examples of environmental risk assessment reports of typical regions.

Carry out environmental and health investigation, monitoring and risk assessment.Formulate environmental and health work methods, establish environmental and health investigation, monitoring and risk assessment systems, and form supporting policies, standards and technical systems. Carry out environmental and health surveys in key areas, river basins and industries, initially establish a sentinel monitoring network for environmental health risks, identify and evaluate environmental health risks in key areas, river basins and industries, implement inventory management for enterprises and pollutants that cause environmental health risks, and study and publish a number of environmental benchmarks that are beneficial to human health.

Strict environmental risk early warning management.Strengthen the early warning work of heavily polluted weather, drinking water sources, toxic and harmful gases, nuclear safety, etc., and carry out pilot monitoring and early warning of biotoxicity of drinking water sources and toxic and harmful gases in chemical parks.

Strengthen the emergency management of sudden environmental incidents.We will improve the emergency management system for sudden environmental incidents at the national, provincial, municipal and county levels, further promote the emergency coordination mechanism for sudden environmental incidents across regions and departments, improve the comprehensive emergency rescue system, and establish a socialized emergency rescue mechanism. Improve the on-site command and coordination system of environmental emergencies, as well as the information reporting and disclosure mechanism. Strengthen the investigation of sudden environmental incidents and the construction of environmental impact and loss assessment system for sudden environmental incidents.

Strengthen the basic ability of risk prevention and control.Establish an environmental risk monitoring and early warning network for production, transportation, storage and disposal, and build an information-based supervision system for the whole process of hazardous waste that can be located, queried, tracked, early warned and assessed. Establish and improve the emergency command and decision support system for environmental emergencies, and improve the databases of environmental risk sources, sensitive targets, environmental emergency response capabilities and environmental emergency plans. Strengthen the management of emergency plans for environmental emergencies in key industries such as petrochemicals and governments and departments. Build a national environmental emergency rescue training base, strengthen the construction of environmental emergency management team and expert team, strengthen the environmental emergency material reserve and information construction, and enhance the emergency monitoring ability. Promote the industrialization and socialization of environmental emergency equipment, and promote the standardization of environmental emergency capabilities.

Section II Intensifying the Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution

Strengthen environmental management of key industries.Strictly control the rapid expansion of new production capacity involving heavy metals, optimize industrial layout, and continue to eliminate backward production capacity in key industries involving heavy metals. In areas with concentrated distribution, large industrial scale, rapid development and prominent environmental problems, stricter local pollutant discharge standards and environmental access standards will be formulated and implemented, and heavy metal-related enterprises that have no hope of reaching the standards and are still unable to meet the standards after rectification will be shut down according to law. Formulate comprehensive improvement plans for industrial parks in electroplating, tanning, lead-acid batteries and other industries to promote the clean and standardized development of the parks. Strengthen the discharge of heavy metal pollutants from heavy metal-related industrial parks and key industrial and mining enterprises and the monitoring of heavy metals in the surrounding environment, strengthen the investigation of environmental risks and hidden dangers, and disclose information on production discharge, environmental management and environmental quality of heavy metal-related enterprises to the public. Organize the investigation of thallium pollution and discharge in typical industries such as mining, dressing and smelting of metal mines, steel and other typical areas such as Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture in southwest Guizhou, and formulate plans for the prevention and control of thallium pollution. Strengthen the quality supervision of environmental protection projects such as heavy metals in imported mineral products.

Deepen the classified prevention and control of key areas.The key areas for prevention and control of heavy metal pollution shall formulate and implement comprehensive prevention and control plans for heavy metal pollution, effectively prevent and control environmental risks and improve regional environmental quality, guide by districts, implement differentiated prevention and control management, and accelerate the comprehensive improvement of outstanding problems in Xiangjiang River and other basins and regions. During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, about 20 areas will be tried to withdraw from key areas. Demonstration of comprehensive remediation of heavy metal pollution was carried out in 16 key areas such as Jingjiang City, Jiangsu Province and Pingyang County, Zhejiang Province, and 8 river basins such as Fujiang River Basin, Dayu County, Jiangxi Province, and the technology and management system for regional and river basin heavy metal pollution control and risk prevention and control was explored. Establish a comprehensive prevention and control coordination mechanism for the "Manganese Triangle" (Xiushan County, Chongqing, Huayuan County, Hunan Province and Songtao County, Guizhou Province, which have serious environmental pollution problems in the process of manganese mining and production), and formulate a comprehensive remediation plan in a unified manner. Optimize and adjust the environmental quality monitoring points in key areas, and build a national heavy metal environmental monitoring system by the end of 2018.

Strengthen the control of mercury pollution.It is forbidden to build new PVC production projects by calcium carbide method with mercury-containing process. By 2020, the mercury consumption per unit product in PVC industry will be reduced by 50% on the basis of 2010. Strengthen the control of mercury pollution emission in key industries such as coal-fired power plants. It is forbidden to build new primary mercury mines and gradually stop primary mercury mining. Eliminate mercury-containing thermometers, sphygmomanometers and other mercury-added products.

Section III Improving the Disposal Level of Hazardous Wastes

Rational allocation of hazardous waste safety disposal capacity.Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should organize the evaluation of hazardous waste generation, utilization and disposal capacity and facilities operation, scientifically plan and implement the construction plan of hazardous waste centralized disposal facilities, and incorporate the hazardous waste centralized disposal facilities into the overall construction of local public infrastructure. Encourage large petrochemical and other industrial bases to support the construction of hazardous waste utilization and disposal facilities. Encourage large-scale and single-type enterprises and parks to support the construction of hazardous waste collection, storage, pretreatment and disposal facilities, and guide and standardize the coordinated disposal of hazardous waste in cement kilns. Carry out cumulative environmental risk assessment and prevention and control of typical hazardous waste centralized disposal facilities, eliminate a number of facilities with backward technology and non-compliance with standards and norms, upgrade and transform a number of facilities, and standardize the management of a number of facilities.

Prevention and control of environmental risks of hazardous wastes.Dynamically revise the national hazardous waste list, carry out a national hazardous waste survey, and strive to basically find out the generation, storage, utilization and disposal of hazardous waste in key industries nationwide before the end of 2020. Focusing on petrochemical and chemical industries, we will crack down on illegal transfer, utilization and disposal of hazardous wastes. Strengthen the quality and safety supervision of imported petrochemical and chemical products, and crack down on the import of solid waste such as waste oil in the name of crude oil, fuel oil, lubricating oil and other products. We will continue to carry out supervision and assessment of standardized management of hazardous wastes, and carry out special rectification with emphasis on waste containing heavy metals such as chromium, lead, mercury, cadmium and arsenic, fly ash from incineration of domestic garbage, antibiotic residue and highly toxic persistent waste. Formulate management measures for recycling waste lead storage batteries. Clarify the requirements for secondary pollution control of hazardous waste utilization and disposal and environmental protection in the process of comprehensive utilization, formulate the limit value of toxic and harmful substances in comprehensive utilization products, and promote the safe utilization of hazardous waste.

Promote the safe disposal of medical waste.Expand the service scope of centralized medical waste disposal facilities, establish regional medical waste coordination and emergency disposal mechanism, and promote the safe disposal of medical waste in rural areas, towns and remote areas according to local conditions. Implement the bid upgrading and reconstruction project of medical waste incineration facilities. Improve the level of standardized management, severely crack down on illegal trading of medical waste, establish an exit mechanism for medical waste franchise, and strictly implement the policy of charging for medical waste disposal.

Section IV Consolidate the Foundation of Chemical Risk Prevention and Control

Assess the environmental and health risks of existing chemicals.Carry out a number of preliminary screening and risk assessment of existing chemical hazards to assess the accumulation and risk of chemicals in the environment. Before the end of 2017, the list of priority chemicals will be published, the production, use and import of high-risk chemicals will be strictly restricted, and the substitution will be gradually eliminated. Strengthen the capacity building of environmental and health risk assessment of toxic and harmful chemicals.

Reduce and phase out chemicals controlled by the convention.By 2020, a number of chemicals controlled by the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, such as lindane, perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and its salts, perfluorooctane sulfonyl fluoride and endosulfan, will be basically eliminated. Strengthen the research and development of persistent organic pollutants substitutes, best available technologies and related monitoring and testing equipment to be restricted or prohibited.

Strictly control the pollution of environmental hormone chemicals.By the end of 2017, we will complete the investigation on the production and use of environmental hormone chemicals, monitor and evaluate the risks in water sources, agricultural products planting areas and aquatic products centralized breeding areas, and implement measures such as elimination, restriction and substitution of environmental hormone chemicals.

Section 5 Strengthening Nuclear and Radiation Safety Management

China is a big country that uses nuclear energy and nuclear technology.During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to strengthen the nuclear safety supervision system and supervision capacity building, accelerate the process of nuclear safety rule of law, implement nuclear safety planning, strictly supervise according to law, and prevent nuclear accidents that pollute the environment by radioactivity.

Improve the safety level of nuclear facilities and radioactive sources.Continuously improve the safe operation level of nuclear power plants, strengthen the quality supervision of nuclear power units under construction, and ensure that new nuclear power plants meet the latest international nuclear safety standards. Accelerate the safety improvement of research reactors and nuclear fuel cycle facilities. Optimize the licensing management of nuclear safety equipment and improve the quality and reliability of nuclear safety equipment. Implement the action plan to strengthen the safety of radioactive sources.

Promote the prevention and control of radioactive pollution.Accelerate the decommissioning of old nuclear facilities and the treatment and disposal of radioactive waste, further enhance the capacity of radioactive waste treatment and disposal, and implement the waste minimization policy. We will promote the decommissioning and environmental restoration of uranium mining and metallurgy facilities, and strengthen the supervision and management of uranium mining and metallurgy and associated radioactive mines.

Strengthen the nuclear and radiation safety supervision system and capacity building.Strengthen the construction of nuclear and radiation safety supervision system and mechanism, and incorporate the key technologies of nuclear safety into the national key research and development plan. Strengthen national, regional and provincial nuclear accident emergency material reserves and capacity building. Establish a national research and development base for nuclear and radiation safety supervision technology. Establish a national nuclear safety monitoring, early warning and emergency response platform, improve the national radiation environment monitoring network, and strengthen the national, provincial and municipal nuclear and radiation safety supervision capabilities.

Chapter VII Strengthening protection and ecological restoration.

Implement the concept of "landscape, forest, field and lake are a community of life", adhere to the priority of protection and natural restoration, promote the protection and restoration of key areas and important ecosystems, build ecological corridors and biodiversity protection networks, comprehensively improve the stability and ecological service functions of various ecosystems, and build an ecological security barrier.

Section 1 Maintaining National Ecological Security

Systematic maintenance of national ecological security.Identify important areas related to national ecological security, take ecological security barriers and important river systems as the skeleton, national key ecological function area as the support, areas prohibited by the state as the node, and ecological corridors and biodiversity protection networks as the thread, and give priority to strengthening ecological protection and safeguarding national ecological security.

Building a "two screens and three belts" national ecological security barrier.We will build an ecological security barrier on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, promote regional ecological construction and environmental protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and focus on protecting diverse and unique ecosystems. Promote the construction of ecological security barrier between the Loess Plateau and Sichuan and Yunnan, focus on strengthening soil erosion prevention and natural vegetation protection, and ensure ecological security in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and Yellow River. Build an ecological security barrier in the northeast forest belt, focus on protecting forest resources and biodiversity, and safeguard the ecological security of the northeast plain. We will build an ecological security barrier in the northern sand control belt, focus on strengthening shelter forest construction, grassland protection, wind prevention and sand fixation, and implement closed protection for desertified land that does not have control conditions for the time being to ensure ecological security in the "Three North" areas. We will build an ecological security barrier in the hilly areas of southern China, focusing on strengthening vegetation restoration and soil erosion prevention to ensure ecological security in South China and Southwest China.

Build a biodiversity protection network.In-depth implementation of China biodiversity conservation strategy and action plan, continue to carry out the China action of the United Nations Decade of Biodiversity, and compile and implement local biodiversity conservation action plans. Strengthen the management of priority areas for biodiversity protection, build a biodiversity protection network, improve ex-situ biodiversity protection facilities, and realize the systematic protection of biodiversity. Carry out evaluation and demonstration of biodiversity and ecosystem service value.

Section II Management and Protection of Key Ecological Areas

Deepen the protection and management of national key ecological function area.Make a negative list of industrial access in national key ecological function area, and make a list of industries that are restricted and prohibited from development in the region. Optimize the transfer payment policy and strengthen the evaluation and assessment of the stability of regional ecological functions and the ability to provide ecological products. Support the construction of comprehensive demonstration zone of ecological security barrier in Gansu, and promote the construction of ecological economic belt along the Yellow River. Accelerate the implementation of ecological protection and construction projects in key ecological functional areas, strengthen ecological supervision over development and construction activities, protect key wildlife resources in the region, and significantly improve the ecosystem service function of key ecological functional areas.

Give priority to strengthening the construction and management of nature reserves.Optimize the layout of nature reserves, take the protection gaps of important rivers, lakes, oceans, grassland ecosystems and aquatic organisms, natural relics, extremely small populations of wild plants and critically endangered wild animals as the focus of new nature reserves, build nature reserves and protected communities, and comprehensively improve the systematic, refined and informational level of nature reserve management. The establishment of the national nature reserve "integration of heaven and earth" dynamic monitoring system, the use of remote sensing and other means to carry out monitoring, national nature reserves monitoring twice a year, provincial nature reserves monitoring once a year. Regularly organize special law enforcement inspections of nature reserves, seriously investigate and deal with illegal activities, and strengthen accountability and supervision. Strengthen the comprehensive scientific investigation, basic investigation and management evaluation of nature reserves. Actively promote the approval and demarcation of the national nature reserves, carry out land confirmation and use control of nature reserves, and gradually implement ecological migration for residents living in the core areas and buffer zones of nature reserves. By 2020, the proportion of land area of national nature reserves in China’s land area will be stable at around 15%, and more than 90% of the national key protected wildlife species and typical ecosystem types will be protected.

Integrate and set up a number of national parks.Strengthen the guidance of the national park pilot, and study and formulate the overall plan for establishing the national park system on the basis of the pilot. Reasonably define the scope of national parks, integrate and improve the system of nature reserves with scientific classification and strong protection, and better protect the authenticity and integrity of natural ecology and natural cultural heritage. Strengthen the planning, construction and management of scenic spots, natural and cultural heritage, forest parks, desert park, geological parks and other protected areas, and improve the efficiency of protection and management.

Section III Protection of Important Ecosystems

Protect the forest ecosystem.Improve the natural forest protection system, strengthen the protection and tending of natural forests, improve and implement the natural forest management and protection system, strengthen the construction of management and protection infrastructure, achieve full coverage of management and protection areas, and completely stop commercial harvesting of natural forests. We will continue to implement subsidy policies for forest management and cultivation and public welfare forest construction. Strictly protect forest land resources and control forest land use by classification. By 2020, the forest land will reach 312.3 million hectares.

Promote the accurate improvement of forest quality.Adhere to the priority of protection and natural restoration, pay equal attention to quantity and quality, and give priority to quality. Adhere to both closing hillsides to facilitate afforestation and artificial afforestation. If it is appropriate to close, it will be closed, and if it is appropriate to build, it will be suitable for forest, irrigation and grass. Strengthen forest management, vigorously cultivate mixed forests, promote the restoration of degraded forests, and optimize forest composition, structure and function. By 2020, the proportion of mixed forests will reach 45%, the forest volume per unit area will reach 95 cubic meters/hectare, and the carbon storage of forest vegetation will reach 9.5 billion tons.

Protect grassland ecosystem.Stabilize and improve the grassland contract management system, implement the basic grassland protection system, and implement the systems of balance between grass and livestock, prohibition of grazing and grazing rotation. Strictly control the use of grasslands, strengthen the construction of grassland managers, and severely crack down on illegal expropriation and occupation of grasslands, reclamation of grasslands, indiscriminate mining and excavation of grassland wild plants and other illegal and criminal acts that destroy grasslands. Carry out investigation and statistics of grassland resources, and establish an early warning system for grassland production and ecological monitoring. Strengthen the management of the "three-oriented" grassland to prevent and control the harm of rats, weeds and insects. By 2020, 30 million hectares of grassland will be managed.

Protect the wetland ecosystem.We will carry out pilot projects for compensation of wetland ecological benefits and returning farmland to wet areas. In international and national important wetlands, wetland nature reserves and national wetland parks, wetland protection and restoration projects will be implemented to gradually restore the ecological functions of wetlands and expand the wetland area. Improve the ability of wetland protection and management.

The fourth quarter to enhance the function of the ecosystem

Large-scale greening of the country.Carry out large-scale land greening actions, strengthen the construction of farmland forest network, build urban and rural green spaces with reasonable configuration, stable structure and perfect functions, form a land greening grid along the coast, along the river, along the border, along the lake (reservoir) and along the island, and promote the synergy of mountains, plains, rivers and lakes, cities and villages.

Continue to implement a new round of returning farmland to forests and grasslands and returning grazing to grasslands.Expand the scope and scale of the new round of returning farmland to forests and grasslands, and implement returning farmland to forests and grasslands in sloping farmland with conditions of more than 25 degrees, seriously desertified farmland and sloping farmland with an important water source of 15-25 degrees. Implement the national plan for the project of returning grazing to grassland, steadily expand the scope of returning grazing to grassland, change the production mode of grassland animal husbandry, build grassland protection infrastructure, and protect and improve the natural grassland ecology.

Build a shelter forest system.We will strengthen the construction of shelter forest systems in the "Three Norths", the Yangtze River, the Pearl River, Taihang Mountain and coastal areas. Combining arbor, shrub and grass in the "Three North" area, highlighting key points, scale management and overall promotion. Promote the restoration of degraded forests in the Yangtze River basin, improve forest quality, and build a "two lakes and one reservoir" shelter forest system. Promote the restoration of degraded forests in the Pearl River Basin. Optimizing stand structure in Taihang Mountain range. In coastal areas, we will promote the construction of coastal backbone forest belts and wave-absorbing forests, repair degraded forests, and improve the coastal shelter forest system and disaster prevention and mitigation system. Build a farmland forest network in the main grain producing areas, strengthen the greening of villages and towns, and improve the comprehensive function of the shelter forest system in plain agricultural areas.

Construction of reserve forest.Attract social capital to participate in the investment, operation and management of reserve forests in southern provinces and other suitable areas with good water, soil, light and heat conditions, and accelerate the construction of reserve forests. In key state-owned forest areas such as Northeast China and Inner Mongolia, measures such as intensive cultivation of artificial forests, improvement of existing forests, tending and replanting will be taken to build reserve forest bases with timber forests and precious tree species as the main body. By 2020, 14 million hectares of reserve forest will be built, and the annual wood supply capacity will be increased by more than 95 million cubic meters.

Cultivate a new mechanism of land greening.We will continue to adhere to the guiding principle of national mobilization, hands-on work by the whole people and greening by the whole society, and encourage family forest farms, forestry professional cooperative organizations, enterprises, social organizations and individuals to carry out specialized large-scale afforestation and greening. Give play to the leading role of state-owned forest areas and forest farms in greening the country, carry out various forms of off-site cooperative afforestation and forest conservation management, and encourage state-owned forest farms to undertake the main tasks of regional land greening and ecological restoration. Innovate the property right model and encourage local governments to explore the policy of adjusting commercial forests into public welfare forests through redemption and replacement in important ecological areas.

Section 5 Restoration of Ecological Degraded Areas

Comprehensive control of soil erosion.Strengthen the construction of soil and water conservation projects in key areas such as the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River, karst areas in southwest China and black soil areas in northeast China, strengthen the work of gully-fixing and tableland protection in gully areas of the Loess Plateau, promote the treatment of erosion gullies in black soil areas in northeast China, speed up the treatment of hillock collapse in southern China, and actively carry out the construction of ecologically clean small watersheds.

Promote the control of desertification and rocky desertification.Accelerate the implementation of the national plan for sand prevention and control, carry out sand fixation and control, strengthen the control of major sandstorm source areas, sandstorm mouths, sandstorm path areas and active areas of desertification expansion, strengthen sand prevention and control along the "Belt and Road", and promote the construction of protected areas for desertification land and comprehensive demonstration areas for sand prevention and control. Continue to implement the second phase of the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project to further curb the dust hazard. Comprehensive control of rocky desertification will be carried out with the focus on the karst areas of "two rivers" (rocky desertification areas in Yunnan, Guangxi and Guizhou and the Yangtze River and Pearl River). By 2020, we will strive to build 10 million mu, 100 million mu and 1,000 million mu sand control bases.

Strengthen mine geological environment protection and ecological restoration.Strictly implement the environmental impact assessment of mineral resources development and build green mines. Increase mine vegetation restoration and comprehensive management of geological environment, carry out special rectification of dangerous tailings ponds and "overhead reservoirs" (tailings ponds with residents or important facilities within 1 km), and strengthen the restoration and comprehensive management of geological environment of mines left over from history. Popularize and implement technologies such as tailings filling and mining, build a number of "tailings-free mines" (mines with no tailings or only a small amount of tailings occupied by effective means), and promote the restoration and utilization of industrial and mining wasteland.

Section VI Expanding the Supply of Ecological Products

Promote the construction of green industries.Strengthen the construction of forestry resource bases, accelerate industrial transformation and upgrading, promote high-end, brand, characteristic and customization of industries, and meet the people’s demand for high-quality green products. We will build a number of influential demonstration bases for flowers and seedlings, and develop a number of demonstration bases for woody grain and oil, characteristic economic forest, under-forest economy, forestry bio-industry, sand industry, and domestication, breeding and utilization of wild animals with strong income-increasing drive. Accelerate the development and upgrading of forest tourism, leisure and recreation, wetland vacation, desert exploration, wildlife viewing and other industries, accelerate the technological transformation and innovation of forest products industry and forestry equipment manufacturing industry, create a number of industrial clusters and demonstration parks with strong competitiveness and distinctive characteristics, and establish a monitoring and early warning system for green industries and national key forest products markets.

Construct an ecological public service network.Intensify the construction of public service facilities in nature reserves and ecological experience sites, and develop and provide high-quality ecological service products such as ecological education, recreation and leisure, health preservation and old-age care. Accelerate the construction of public service facilities such as ecological sign system, greenway network, sanitation, safety, etc., carefully design and build ecological experience boutique tourist routes based on forests, wetlands, deserts, wildlife habitats, flowers and seedlings, and focus on building a number of public camps and ecological stations to improve the grade and service level of ecological experience products.

Strengthen the protection and management of scenic spots and world heritage.Carry out a general survey of the resources of scenic spots, and steadily cultivate and declare the world natural heritage, natural and cultural heritage. Strengthen the management of scenic spots and world heritage sites, implement remote sensing dynamic monitoring, and strictly control the way and intensity of utilization. Increase investment in protection and strengthen the construction of facilities for the protection and utilization of scenic spots.

Maintain and repair the urban natural ecosystem.Improve urban biodiversity, strengthen urban green space protection and improve urban green line management. Optimize the layout of urban green space and build greenway corridors, so that urban forests, green spaces, water systems, rivers and lakes and cultivated land can form a complete ecological network. Expand the ecological space such as green space and water area, rationally plan and build all kinds of urban green space, and promote three-dimensional greening and roof greening. Carry out urban mountain, water, wasteland and green land restoration, and implement urban ecological restoration demonstration projects through measures combining natural restoration and artificial restoration. Strengthen the greening around the city and urban agglomerations, implement "returning work to forests" and build urban forests in pieces. Vigorously improve the green coverage rate of built-up areas, speed up the transformation of old parks, and enhance the service function of park green space. Carry out ecological greening, widely plant local tree species, reasonably mix trees, shrubs and grass, and grow naturally. Strengthen the protection of ancient and famous trees, and prohibit transplanting natural trees into the city. Develop forest cities, garden cities and forest towns. By 2020, the urban per capita park green area will reach 14.6 square meters, and the green space rate in urban built-up areas will reach 38.9%.

Section 7 Protection of Biological Diversity

Carry out background investigation and observation of biodiversity.Implement major biodiversity conservation projects, focus on priority areas of biodiversity conservation, conduct investigations and assessments on ecosystems, species, genetic resources and related traditional knowledge, and establish a national biodiversity database and information platform. By 2020, we will basically find out the background status of priority areas for biodiversity protection. Improve the biodiversity observation system and carry out the construction of comprehensive biodiversity observation stations and observation sample areas. Normalized observation, monitoring, evaluation and early warning of important biological groups and ecosystems, national key protected species and their habitats.

Implement rescue protection of endangered wild animals and plants.Protect, repair and expand the habitats of rare and endangered wild animals and plants and original habitat protection areas (points), give priority to the implementation of protection projects for key protected wild animals and very small populations of wild plants, develop technologies for breeding, restoration and protection of endangered species, strengthen rescue, breeding and wild release of rare and endangered wild animals and plants, carry out pilot demonstrations for wild release of artificial populations in the Yangtze River Economic Belt and key river basins, and scientifically reintroduce rare and endangered wild animals and plants. Optimize the national wildlife rescue network, improve the layout and build a number of wildlife rescue and breeding centers, and build artificial breeding centers for rare and endangered plants such as orchids. Strengthen the supervision of the utilization of wild animals and plants and their products, and carry out the certification and identification of the breeding and utilization of wild animals and plants and their products. Adjust and revise the list of national key protected wildlife.

Strengthen the protection of biological genetic resources.Establish a system for obtaining and sharing benefits of biological genetic resources and related traditional knowledge, standardize the collection, preservation, exchange, cooperative research and development and utilization of biological genetic resources, and strengthen the protection of traditional knowledge related to genetic resources. Carry out the value evaluation of biological genetic resources, strengthen the exploration, arrangement, detection, cultivation and character evaluation of biological resources, and screen excellent biological genetic genes. Strengthen the genetic protection of wild animals and plants, and build a conservation base and gene bank for artificial populations of wild animals and plants. Improve the southwest biogenetic resource pool, build the central and eastern biogenetic resource pool, and collect and preserve the unique, rare and endangered biogenetic resources with important value. Construction of medicinal plant resources, agricultural germplasm resources, wild flower germplasm resources, forest germplasm resources for long-term preservation (nursery), rational planning and construction of botanical gardens, zoos, wildlife breeding centers.

Strengthen the management of wildlife import and export.Strengthen the import and export management of biological genetic resources, wild animals and plants and their products, establish the working mechanism of departmental information sharing and joint prevention and control, and establish and improve the import and export electronic information network system. Severely crack down on illegal trade in ivory and other wildlife products, build a platform for information analysis and sharing, set up a cooperation mechanism to crack down on illegal trade crimes, and strictly control the loss of endemic, rare and endangered wildlife germplasm resources.

Guard against biosafety risks.Strengthen the protection against wild animal and plant diseases. Establish and improve the national ecological security dynamic monitoring and early warning system, and conduct comprehensive investigation and evaluation of ecological risks on a regular basis. Strengthen the supervision of environmental release of genetically modified organisms, and carry out risk assessment and follow-up monitoring of environmental release of genetically modified organisms. Establish a national biosafety protection network, improve the national biosafety inspection mechanism, and strictly manage the introduction of exotic species. Strictly prevent and control the invasion of alien harmful biological species, carry out general survey, monitoring and ecological impact assessment of alien invasive species, and carry out control and removal of alien invasive species that cause major ecological hazards.

Chapter VIII Accelerate institutional innovation and actively promote the modernization of governance system and governance capacity.

Make overall plans to promote the construction of ecological environment governance system, implement local environmental protection responsibilities by environmental protection inspectors’ inspection, compiling natural resources balance sheet, auditing leading cadres’ natural resources assets leaving office, and investigating the responsibility for ecological environment damage, implement corporate main responsibility by environmental justice, pollutant discharge permit, damage compensation, strengthen information disclosure, promote public interest litigation, strengthen market incentive mechanisms such as green finance, and form a governance system of government, enterprises and the public.

Section 1 Improve the rule of law system

Improve laws and regulations.Actively promote the revision of laws and regulations on resources and environment. Timely improve the prevention and control of water pollution, environmental noise pollution, soil pollution, ecological protection compensation, nature reserves and other related systems.

Strict environmental law enforcement supervision.Improve the supervision mechanism of environmental law enforcement, promote joint law enforcement, regional law enforcement and cross-enforcement, and strengthen law enforcement supervision and accountability. Further clarify the responsibilities of environmental law enforcement departments in administrative investigation, administrative punishment and administrative enforcement, and orderly integrate law enforcement supervision forces in different fields, departments and levels to promote the extension of environmental law enforcement forces to the grassroots.

Promote environmental justice.Improve the interface mechanism between administrative law enforcement and environmental justice, improve the provisions on procedure interface, case transfer and application for compulsory execution, and strengthen communication and coordination between environmental protection departments and public security organs, people’s procuratorates and people’s courts. Improve the system of hearing environmental cases. Actively cooperate with the judicial organs to do a good job in the revision of relevant judicial interpretations.

Section 2 Perfecting the Market Mechanism

Carry out the emission trading system.Establish and improve the initial allocation and trading system of emission rights, implement the system of paid use of emission rights, promote the pilot of paid use and trading of emission rights, and strengthen the construction of emission trading platform. Encourage new projects to obtain pollutant emission indicators through transactions, and shall not increase the total pollutant emission in the region. We will implement the energy budget management system and carry out pilot projects for paid use and trading of energy use rights.

Give play to the guiding role of fiscal and tax policies.Levy environmental protection tax. Comprehensively promote the resource tax reform, and gradually expand the resource tax to occupy all kinds of natural ecological space. Implement preferential tax policies for environmental protection, ecological construction and new energy development and utilization. To study and formulate policies for withholding retirement expenses for key hazardous waste centralized disposal facilities and places.

Deepen the price reform of resources and environment.Improve the price mechanism of resources and environment, fully reflect the market supply and demand, the scarcity of resources, the cost of ecological environment damage and the restoration benefits. We will implement the policy of adjusting the collection standards of sewage treatment fees and water resources fees, improve the collection rate of garbage treatment fees, and improve the price mechanism of reclaimed water. Study and improve the environmental protection electricity price policy of coal-fired power plants, and increase the implementation of policies such as differentiated electricity prices in industries with high energy consumption, high water consumption and high pollution.

Accelerate the cultivation of market players in environmental governance.Explore the combined development model of environmental governance projects and business development projects, and improve the return mechanism of social capital investment in environmental governance. Deepen the pilot of environmental services, innovate pollution control and management modes such as regional environmental governance integration, environmental protection "internet plus" and environmental protection Internet of Things, and encourage all kinds of investments to enter the environmental protection market. Abolish all kinds of institutional regulations that hinder the formation of a unified national market and fair competition, strengthen the construction of a credit system for environmental governance markets, and standardize the market environment. Encourage the implementation of performance-based payment for environmental governance and environmental performance contract services.

Establish a green financial system.Establish a green rating system and a public welfare environmental cost accounting and impact assessment system, and clarify the lender’s due diligence exemption requirements and environmental protection legal responsibilities. Encourage all kinds of financial institutions to increase the issuance of green credit. Establish a compulsory liability insurance system for environmental pollution in areas with high environmental risks. Study the establishment of green stock index and the development of related investment products. Encourage banks and enterprises to issue green bonds and encourage securitization of green credit assets. Increase risk compensation and support the development of secured loans such as emission rights, charging rights and purchase of service agreement mortgages. Support the establishment of various green development funds with market-oriented operation.

Accelerate the establishment of a diversified ecological protection compensation mechanism.Increase the transfer payment to key ecological functional areas, reasonably raise the compensation standard, tilt to ecologically sensitive and fragile areas and river basins, promote the linkage between the distribution of transfer payment and the effectiveness of ecological protection, and explore multiple complementary ways such as funds, policies, industries and technologies. Improve the scope of compensation, and gradually achieve full coverage of key areas such as forests, grasslands, wetlands, deserts, rivers, oceans and cultivated land, and important areas such as prohibited development areas and key ecological function areas. The central government supports and guides the establishment of cross-provincial horizontal compensation mechanisms for ecological benefit areas and protected areas, upstream and downstream of river basins, and promotes horizontal compensation within provincial regions. In the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and other important rivers to explore the development of horizontal ecological protection compensation pilot. We will further promote the counterpart support for the water source area of the Middle Route of South-to-North Water Transfer Project and the pilot project of ecological compensation for the water environment in Xin ‘anjiang, and promote the pilot project of cross-regional ecological protection compensation in the water conservation area of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Jiuzhou River in Guangdong, Fujian-Guangdong Tingjiang-Hanjiang River, Dongjiang River in Guangdong, Yunnan-Guizhou-Guangxi-Xijiang River. By 2017, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei regional ecological protection compensation mechanism will be established to institutionalize Beijing and Tianjin’s support for Hebei’s ecological construction and environmental protection.

Section III Implementation of Local Responsibilities

Implement the government’s responsibility for ecological environmental protection.Establish and improve the environmental protection responsibility system with clear responsibilities and reasonable division of labor, strengthen supervision and inspection, and promote the implementation of environmental protection with the same responsibility of the party and government. People’s governments at the provincial level take overall responsibility for the protection of ecological environment and resources in their respective administrative areas, take corresponding responsibilities for the ecological environmental protection of regional river basins, make overall plans to promote the equalization of basic public services in regional environment, strengthen the responsibilities of overall planning and comprehensive management by municipal people’s governments, and implement them by district and county people’s governments.

Reform the system and mechanism of ecological environmental protection.Actively promote the pilot reform of vertical management system for monitoring, supervision and law enforcement of environmental protection institutions below the provincial level, and strengthen supervision and inspection of environmental protection performance of local governments and their relevant departments. Establish a governance model of joint prevention and control of regional river basins and coordination between urban and rural areas. Establish and improve an environmental protection management system that strictly supervises the discharge of all pollutants.

Promote strategic and planning environmental assessment.On the basis of completing the strategic environmental assessments of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, Yangtze River Economic Belt and "Belt and Road", we will steadily promote the strategic environmental assessments of provincial and municipal administrative regions. Explore and carry out major policy environmental impact demonstration pilot. Strict development and construction planning environmental assessment, as an important basis for planning, approval and implementation. In-depth development of environmental impact assessment of urban and new district master plans, strengthening ecological space protection of planning environmental impact assessment, and improving the consultation mechanism of planning environmental impact assessment. Focus on the environmental impact assessment of industrial park planning, promote the list management of space and environmental access, and explore the reform of environmental impact assessment approval management of construction projects in the park. Strengthen the linkage between project EIA and planning EIA, and build a four-level environmental protection department EIA approval information networking system. Local governments and relevant departments should transform the requirements of space control, total amount control and environmental access into rigid constraints of regional development and protection according to the strategic and planning EIA. Strictly investigate the responsibility of planning environmental impact assessment, and strengthen supervision over the development of planning environmental impact assessment work by local governments and relevant departments.

Prepare the balance sheet of natural resources.Explore the preparation of natural resources balance sheet, establish physical quantity accounting account, establish ecological environment value evaluation system, and carry out ecological environment assets inventory and accounting. The implementation of the audit of leading cadres’ natural resources assets, and promote local leading cadres to implement the responsibility of natural resources assets management. On the basis of completing the pilot project of compiling natural resources balance sheet, we will gradually establish and improve the system of compiling natural resources balance sheet, and explore and form the technical methods of accounting the value of major natural resources assets at the national level.

Establish a monitoring and early warning mechanism for carrying capacity of resources and environment.Study and formulate monitoring and evaluation, early warning index system and technical methods, carry out monitoring and early warning and cause analysis of the carrying capacity of resources and environment, implement early warning and differentiated restrictive measures for areas where resource consumption and environmental capacity are close to or exceed the carrying capacity, and strictly restrict development activities within the carrying capacity of resources and environment. Provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) should organize the evaluation of the current situation of the carrying capacity of resources and environment in cities and counties, and adjust the development planning and industrial structure in areas exceeding the carrying capacity.

Implement the performance evaluation of ecological civilization.Implement the evaluation and assessment methods of ecological civilization construction objectives, establish the target system, assessment methods and reward and punishment mechanisms that reflect the requirements of ecological civilization, incorporate resource consumption, environmental damage and ecological benefits into the evaluation system of economic and social development of local governments at all levels, and implement differentiated performance evaluation and assessment for the functional orientation of different regions.

Carry out environmental protection inspectors.Promote local implementation of the main responsibility of ecological environmental protection, carry out environmental protection supervision, focus on checking the regional river basins with deteriorating environmental quality and the rectification situation, focus on inspecting the environmental inaction and chaos of local party committees and governments and their relevant departments, focus on understanding the local implementation of environmental protection, such as party and government sharing responsibility, one post and two responsibilities, and strict accountability, so as to promote local ecological civilization construction and environmental protection, and promote green development.

Establish a lifelong accountability system for ecological environment damage.Establish a lifelong accountability and accountability mechanism for major decisions. Cadres who are responsible for causing serious damage to the ecological environment and resources shall not be promoted or transferred to important positions, and those who constitute crimes shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to law. The audit of natural resources assets of leading cadres will be carried out, and those leading cadres who have suffered major ecological and environmental damage after leaving office will be held accountable for life.

Section IV Strengthening Enterprise Supervision

Establish an enterprise emission permit system covering all fixed pollution sources.Fully implement the pollutant discharge permit, with the goal of improving environmental quality and preventing environmental risks, and bring the pollutant discharge type, concentration, total amount and discharge destination into the scope of license management, and enterprises produce and discharge pollutants according to the provisions of the pollutant discharge permit. Improve the responsibility system for pollution control, and the environmental protection department will supervise and enforce the pollution discharge behavior of enterprises in accordance with the requirements of the pollution discharge permit. By the end of 2017, we will complete the issuance of enterprise licenses in key industries and industries with overcapacity, and build a national information platform for pollutant discharge permit management. By 2020, the country will basically complete the issuance of licenses for enterprises in the industries specified in the Catalogue of Pollution Discharge Permit Management.

Encourage and restrain enterprises to actively implement environmental responsibility.Establish a system of enterprise environmental credit evaluation and blacklist of illegal sewage discharge, and the illegal information of enterprise environment will be recorded in the social credit file and made public. Establish a mandatory disclosure mechanism for environmental protection information of listed companies, and punish listed companies that fail to fulfill their disclosure obligations according to law. Implement the "leader" system of energy efficiency and environmental protection, and take measures such as fiscal and tax incentives and honor recognition to encourage enterprises to achieve higher standards of environmental protection goals. By 2020, the enterprise environmental credit evaluation system will be established at different levels, and the enterprise environmental credit information will be included in the national credit information sharing platform, and a trustworthy incentive and disciplinary mechanism will be established.

Establish and improve the ecological environment damage assessment and compensation system.Promote the standardized management of appraisal and evaluation of ecological environmental damage, and improve the technical methods of appraisal and evaluation. Before the end of 2017, complete the pilot reform of the compensation system for ecological environmental damage; Since 2018, the compensation system for ecological environmental damage has been piloted nationwide; By 2020, we will strive to initially establish an ecological environment damage compensation system nationwide.

Section 5 Implementing National Action

Improve the awareness of ecological environment protection in the whole society.Increase publicity and education on ecological environmental protection, organize environmental protection public welfare activities, develop ecological and cultural products, and comprehensively enhance the awareness of ecological environmental protection in the whole society. Local people’s governments at all levels, education authorities and news media should fulfill the responsibility of environmental protection publicity and education according to law, regard environmental protection and ecological civilization construction as an important part of practicing socialist core values, and implement the national environmental protection publicity and education action plan. Guide and resist and condemn excessive consumption, extravagant consumption, waste of resources and energy, and advocate the social fashion of thrift, green and low carbon. Encourage the creation of ecological and cultural works, enrich environmental protection publicity products, and carry out environmental protection public welfare publicity activities. Build a national ecological environment education platform to guide the public to practice green and simple life and low-carbon leisure mode. Primary schools, middle schools, institutions of higher learning, vocational schools, training institutions, etc. should incorporate ecological civilization education into the teaching content.

Promote green consumption.Strengthen the awareness of green consumption, improve the public’s awareness of self-discipline in environmental behavior, and accelerate the transformation from food, clothing, housing and transportation to green consumption. Implement the national energy-saving action plan, implement the ladder price system of water, electricity and gas for residents, and promote water-saving and energy-saving products and green furniture and building materials. Implement the green building action plan, improve the green building standards and certification system, and expand the scope of enforcement. More than 50% of new urban buildings in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei will be green. Strengthen the government’s green procurement system, formulate a green product procurement catalogue, and advocate non-governmental organizations and enterprises to implement green procurement. Encourage green travel, improve walking and cycling conditions, and improve the urban public transport service system. By 2020, public transport in urban built-up areas with a permanent population of more than 3 million will account for 60% of motorized trips.

Strengthen information disclosure.Establish a unified release mechanism for ecological environment monitoring information. We will comprehensively promote the disclosure of ecological environment information such as atmosphere, water and soil, and promote the disclosure of ecological environment information of regulatory authorities, environmental information of pollutant discharge units and environmental impact assessment information of construction projects. All localities should establish a unified information disclosure platform and improve the feedback mechanism. Establish and improve the spokesman system for environmental protection.

Strengthen social supervision.Establish effective channels and reasonable mechanisms for public participation in environmental management decision-making, and encourage the public to supervise the government’s environmental protection work and enterprise’s pollution discharge behavior. In the process of project initiation, implementation and post-evaluation, a communication and consultation platform will be established to listen to public opinions and suggestions, and to ensure the public’s right to know, participate, supervise and express in the environment. Guide the news media, strengthen supervision by public opinion, and make full use of the "12369" environmental hotline and environmental protection WeChat reporting platform. Study and promote the guidance and demonstration system of typical environmental cases, promote the judicial organs to strengthen the protection of citizens’ environmental litigation rights, refine the legal procedures of environmental public interest litigation, strengthen technical support for environmental public interest litigation, and improve the environmental public interest litigation system.

Section VI Improving Governance Capability

Strengthen the construction of ecological environment monitoring network.Unified planning, optimization of environmental quality monitoring sites, the construction of a national environmental quality monitoring network covering elements such as atmosphere, water, soil, noise, radiation, etc., with reasonable layout and perfect functions, so as to realize the integrated sharing of ecological environmental monitoring information. The monitoring points of atmospheric and surface water environmental quality generally cover about 80% of counties, densely populated counties achieve full coverage, and soil environmental quality monitoring points achieve full coverage. Improve the level of atmospheric environmental quality prediction and pollution early warning, strengthen the tracking and analysis of pollution sources, and carry out atmospheric environmental quality prediction in cities at prefecture level and above. Build a national water quality monitoring and early warning platform. Strengthen the monitoring of persistent, bioaccumulative and harmful pollutants in drinking water sources and soil. Strengthen the monitoring and early warning of centralized drinking water source quality and water body radioactivity in cities and towns in key river basins. Establish an ecological remote sensing monitoring system integrating heaven and earth, realize the networking operation of environmental satellites, and strengthen remote sensing monitoring of drones and ground ecological monitoring. Construct a biodiversity observation network.

Strengthen the capacity building of environmental supervision and law enforcement.Realize the grid management of environmental supervision, optimize the allocation of supervision power, and promote the extension of environmental supervision services to rural areas. Improve the system of selection, training and assessment of environmental supervision law enforcement personnel, enrich the front-line law enforcement team, ensure law enforcement equipment, strengthen the ability of on-site law enforcement and evidence collection, and strengthen the professional construction of environmental supervision law enforcement team. Implement the national two-way exchange plan for talents in environmental protection system and strengthen the construction of environmental supervision and law enforcement teams in the central and western regions. By 2020, the qualification training and full coverage of environmental supervision and law enforcement personnel at all levels will be basically realized, and the equipment of county-level environmental law enforcement agencies will basically meet the demand.

Strengthen the construction of eco-environmental protection information system.Organize the second national survey of pollution sources, and establish and improve the national list of basic units of pollution sources. Strengthen the ability of environmental statistics, bring small and micro enterprises into the scope of environmental statistics, sort out the data of pollutant discharge, and gradually realize the integration and return of various sets of data. Establish the basic database and information management system of typical ecological areas. Build and improve a unified and comprehensive real-time online environmental monitoring and control system throughout the country. Accelerate the construction of ecological environment big data platform, realize the integration and dynamic update of ecological environment quality, pollution source discharge, environmental law enforcement, environmental assessment management, natural ecology, nuclear and radiation data, establish an information disclosure and sharing platform, and start the pilot project of ecological environment big data construction. Improve the technical level of intelligent environmental management, focus on improving the automation and intelligent technical level of environmental pollution control technology, and establish an environmental data sharing and product service business system.

Chapter IX Implementation of a number of major national ecological and environmental protection projects

During the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" period, the state organized and implemented 25 key projects, such as industrial pollution sources reaching the standard in an all-round way, established major project libraries, and strengthened project performance management. The investment in the project is mainly from enterprises and local governments, and the central government gives appropriate support.

Chapter X Perfect Planning and Implement Safeguard Measures

The first section defines the division of tasks

Clarify local target responsibilities.Local people’s governments at all levels are responsible for the implementation of the plan. They should incorporate the objectives, tasks, measures and key projects of ecological environmental protection into the national economic and social development plan of the region, and formulate and publish the key tasks and annual targets of ecological environmental protection. All regions shall publicize the information on the implementation of the plan, promote the participation and supervision of the whole society, and ensure that all tasks are fully completed.

Departments work together to promote planning tasks.Relevant departments should perform their respective duties, cooperate closely, improve the system and mechanism, increase capital investment, and intensify the implementation of the plan. Establish cooperation mechanisms in the fields of atmosphere, water, soil, heavy metals and biodiversity, and regularly study and solve major problems. The Ministry of Environmental Protection reports the progress of key environmental protection work to the State Council every year.

Section 2 Increase investment

Increase financial investment.In accordance with the requirements of the division of powers and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments, accelerate the establishment of a financial management system that is compatible with the responsibility of environmental protection expenditure, and finance at all levels should guarantee the key expenditures of ecological and environmental protection at the same level. Optimize the use of innovative special funds for environmental protection, and increase support for the third-party governance of environmental pollution and the cooperation model of government and social capital. According to the requirements of landscape forest, field and lake system management, integrate the funds related to ecological protection and restoration.

Broaden financing channels.Improve the user payment system and support business environmental protection projects. Actively promote the cooperation between the government and social capital, explore ways to make up for the investment in pollution prevention projects and the return on social capital with the proceeds from resource development projects and comprehensive utilization of resources, and attract social capital to participate in quasi-public welfare and public welfare environmental protection projects. Encourage social capital to set up environmental protection funds in a market-oriented way. Encourage venture capital enterprises, equity investment enterprises and social donations to increase investment in ecological and environmental protection.

Section III Strengthening International Cooperation

Participate in international environmental governance.Actively participate in the construction of global environmental governance rules, deeply participate in the negotiation of international conventions on the environment, international conventions on nuclear safety and international trade and investment agreements related to the environment, undertake and fulfill international responsibilities that are suitable for large developing countries, and do a good job in performance. Standardize the activities of overseas environmental protection organizations in China according to law. Intensify publicity and tell the environmental protection story of China to the outside world. According to the unified deployment of foreign aid, increase foreign aid and innovate foreign aid methods.

Improve the level of international cooperation.Establish and improve the exchange and cooperation mechanism with relevant countries, international organizations, research institutions and non-governmental organizations, build a dialogue and exchange platform, promote international exchanges and cooperation in ecological and environmental protection concepts, management systems and policies, environmental protection industry technology, and comprehensively improve the level of internationalization. Organize and carry out a number of international cooperation projects in the fields of atmosphere, water, soil and biodiversity. Implement the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Strengthen dialogue, exchanges and practical cooperation with countries, regions and international organizations in the field of ecological environment protection and nuclear safety. Strengthen South-South cooperation and actively carry out foreign cooperation in the fields of eco-environmental protection and nuclear safety. Severely crack down on illegal trade in chemicals and illegal transboundary movement of solid waste.

Section IV Promoting Pilot Demonstration

Promote the construction of the national ecological civilization experimental zone.With the goal of improving the quality of ecological environment and promoting green development, and focusing on system innovation, system supply and model exploration, a unified and standardized national ecological civilization experimental zone will be established. Actively promote "green cell" projects such as green communities, green schools and eco-industrial parks. By 2017, important progress has been made in the key reform tasks in the experimental area, resulting in a number of system of ecological civilization achievements that are operable and effective; By 2020, the experimental area will take the lead in building a relatively complete system of ecological civilization system, forming a number of major institutional achievements that can be replicated and promoted throughout the country.

Strengthen demonstration and guidance.In-depth development of ecological civilization construction demonstration zone, improve the level of standardization and institutionalization, and pay attention to the regional balance of creation. Strengthen the coordination and linkage between creation and key environmental protection work, strengthen follow-up supervision and management, carry out effectiveness evaluation and experience summary, and publicize and popularize the existing replicable and referential creation model.

Further promote the pilot demonstration of key policy systems.We will carry out pilot projects for comprehensive reform and innovation of rural environmental protection systems and mechanisms. Pilot division of environmental quality control areas and non-standard control areas, respectively, in accordance with emission standards and quality constraints, the implementation of pollution source supervision and emission permits. We will promote the pilot reform of environmental auditing, environmental damage compensation, environmental service industry and government-purchased services, strengthen policy support and supervision, and expand the pilot areas and industries of third-party pollution control in a timely manner. We will carry out pilot projects for comprehensive reform of provincial ecological and environmental protection.

Section 5 Strict evaluation and examination

The Ministry of Environmental Protection shall, jointly with relevant departments, regularly schedule the progress of major projects in environmental quality improvement, key pollutant discharge and ecological environmental protection in various provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and make the results public. Integrate all kinds of ecological environment assessment, and at the end of 2018 and 2020, respectively, conduct mid-term assessment and final assessment on the implementation of this plan, and report the assessment results to the State Council and announce them to the public, which will serve as an important basis for the comprehensive assessment of leading bodies and leading cadres.

　　BEIJING, Beijing, January 10 (Lang Lang) At the end of the year and the beginning of the year, various ministries and commissions held annual work meetings one after another to sum up the work of the past year and clarify the priorities of the work in the New Year, and a series of policies and measures of social concern were released in a centralized manner. For example, improving people’s medical experience, speeding up "express delivery to the countryside", promoting garbage sorting, and accelerating the coverage of 5G networks will be implemented in the New Year.

　　Data Map: In the emergency department of Yinchuan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, parents take their children to wait for treatment. Photo by Yang Di

　　See a doctor

　　— — Improve people’s medical experience and create an environment of respecting doctors and paying attention to health

　　Problems such as expensive medical treatment, difficult medical treatment, and doctor-patient relationship have always been hot topics of public opinion. Recently, the 2020 National Health Work Conference was held, and these issues were all deployed in the New Year work plan.

　　The meeting mentioned that we should further optimize the allocation of medical resources, solidly promote the pilot work of centralized procurement and use of drugs in the country, better serve the people for medical treatment, strictly regulate medical behavior, and continuously improve the people’s medical experience. Strictly supervise the industry style and seriously investigate and deal with acts that harm the interests of the masses.

　　The meeting also called for strict control of security risks and strengthening the security and prevention capabilities of medical institutions. Further strengthen the special rectification of key areas and key links such as pharmaceutical consumables and medical service order, and persevere in rectifying discipline and fighting corruption. Carry forward the lofty professionalism of the new era and vigorously create a good atmosphere of respecting doctors and attaching importance to health.

　　Data Map: Students are happily holding gifts. China News Service reporter Yujia Zhai photo

　　poverty alleviation

　　— — Preventing the poverty-stricken population from returning to poverty and resolutely grasping the bottom of poverty alleviation.

　　2020 is the year when the goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way is realized, and it is also the year when poverty alleviation ends. Not long ago, the National Poverty Alleviation and Development Work Conference called for "completing the task of poverty alleviation for the remaining poor people and poverty-stricken counties, listing and supervising the war in deep poverty-stricken areas" and "establishing and improving the monitoring, early warning and dynamic assistance mechanism for returning to poverty to prevent the poverty-stricken people from returning to poverty and preventing the marginal population from causing poverty".

　　In the national civil affairs work conference, special emphasis was placed on poverty alleviation. The meeting called for a comprehensive investigation of the implementation of the bottom-up security policy, and all eligible poverty-stricken people who have set up files and established cards should be included in the bottom-up security coverage of social assistance such as rural subsistence allowances, so as to ensure that they should be guaranteed and rescued, and resolutely seize the bottom of poverty alleviation.

　　In addition, for special groups such as destitute people, abandoned children, and children who are actually left unattended, we will fully implement relevant parenting and security service policies to ensure that they should be fully supported. For the disabled and severely disabled with difficulties in life, we should fully implement the two subsidy policies so as to make up for them. For the left-behind children, women and the elderly in rural areas, we will fully implement the care service policy and ensure that we should do our best to help them.

　　Data Map: The staff is loading the express delivery into the car. Xinhua News Agency issued Yujia Zhai photo

　　Postal express

　　— — Speeding up the "Express Delivery to the Countryside" and Improving the Satisfaction of Express Delivery Service

　　With the development of Internet and transportation industry, express delivery has become an important part of people’s daily life. According to the data of the State Post Bureau, in 2019, the express delivery business in China reached 63 billion pieces, with 45 express parcels per capita.

　　The recently held 2020 National Conference on Postal Management predicted that the express delivery business volume in China will reach 74 billion pieces this year. The conference demanded that the satisfaction of postal and express delivery services should be continuously improved, and the management of express delivery packaging has achieved positive results, making positive contributions to the country’s stable employment.

　　At this meeting, Li Xiaopeng, Minister of Transportation, also called for promoting the construction of Pratt & Whitney Post, speeding up the project of "express delivery to the countryside", accelerating the development of new businesses such as cold chain and medicine, and letting the people share the fruits of the reform and development of the postal industry. He also mentioned that "quality and quantity are completed ‘ Slimming tape ’ The packaging ratio reaches 90%, and other industries have staged targets for pollution prevention and control. "

　　Data Map: A passenger plane took off from haikou meilan international airport. Photo by Hong Jianpeng

　　Civil aviation travel

　　— — Strengthen cabin safety responsibilities Improve the service level of on-board meals.

　　In 2020, when flying, people will have more choices and gain more new experiences.

　　The National Civil Aviation Work Conference held recently made arrangements for the key tasks in 2020, such as "paying close attention to the safety special rectification of airport clearance protection and apron operation order", "strengthening cabin safety responsibilities, strengthening the health management of personnel in key positions such as flight and air traffic control" and "formulating and improving the detailed rules for coordinating airport time allocation for all flights" and so on.

　　It is worth mentioning that the meeting specifically mentioned the need to "improve the service level of in-flight meals". According to Weibo, the official of the Consumer Service Center of the Civil Aviation Administration, Feng Zhenglin, director of the Civil Aviation Administration, also pointed out at this meeting that the quality of this service should be evaluated as an assessment to encourage the development of new varieties of meals to meet the needs of short-and medium-distance passengers.

　　Data map: Zhanghu high-speed train stopped at Wulanchabu station. Li longshe

　　railway transportation

　　— — This year, the new high-speed rail line will be put into operation for 2,000 kilometers.

　　The construction and development of high-speed rail provide more convenient choices for people to travel. In 2019, China Railway put into operation a new line of 8,489 kilometers, including 5,474 kilometers of high-speed rail; The operating mileage has reached more than 139,000 kilometers, including 35,000 kilometers of high-speed rail.

　　Not long ago, the China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd. Work Conference proposed that one of the main goals of railway work in 2020 is to fully complete the railway investment tasks assigned by the state and ensure that more than 4,000 kilometers of new lines are put into operation, including 2,000 kilometers of high-speed rail.

　　For the new year’s work, the meeting called for adhering to the political red line and the professional bottom line, ensuring the safety of high-speed rail and passenger trains, and keeping railway safety stable.

　　Data map: Taxpayers collect portraits in Pinghu National Taxation Office. Photo by Fang Enhui

　　Reduce taxes and fees

　　— — Let taxpayers and payers have more sense of gain.

　　Tax reduction and fee reduction have always been the focus of social attention, and improving the sense of acquisition of taxpayers and payers has also become the focus of the tax department in the new year.

　　The recent national tax work conference mentioned that it is necessary to consolidate and expand the achievements of tax reduction and fee reduction with more solid measures and greater efforts, so that taxpayers and payers can have more sense of gain. Strictly adhere to the principle of organizing income, collect tax according to laws and regulations, actively cultivate tax sources, support the development and growth of private enterprises, resolutely not overcharge the red line of "excessive taxes and fees", and resolutely crack down on tax fraud in accordance with the law.

　　In addition, the meeting also stressed that it is necessary to comprehensively build a system of "good reviews and bad reviews" for government services, provide more convenient tax and fee services for enterprises and the masses, optimize invoice service methods, improve the efficiency of tax payment, increase the protection of rights and interests, and promote the tax business environment. More changes have been made.

　　Data Map: Two Guiyang citizens sorted and put garbage with the help of the staff. China News Service reporter He Junyi photo

　　living environment

　　— — 46 cities will basically build a domestic waste classification and treatment system.

　　The implementation of garbage classification in Shanghai once triggered a heated public debate. "What kind of garbage are you?" It has also become a joke that people ridicule. In the new year, more cities will implement this policy.

　　The recently held National Conference on Housing and Urban-Rural Construction proposed that in order to comprehensively promote the classification of municipal solid waste, 46 key cities should basically complete the classification and treatment system of municipal solid waste in 2020.

　　In addition, the meeting also proposed to fully promote the renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas and ensure that all the 1.352 million dilapidated houses that need to be renovated to get rid of poverty will be completed in 2020. Strengthen the treatment of urban black and odorous water bodies, and ensure that more than 90% of black and odorous water bodies in urban built-up areas at prefecture level and above will be eliminated before the end of 2020.

　　Data map: 5G speed measuring China News Agency reporter Yin Liqin photo

　　online communication

　　— — By the end of 2020, all prefecture-level cities in China will cover 5G networks.

　　5G officially launched the nationwide promotion of commercialization and "port number transfer" … … In the past year, the changes in network communication have brought obvious convenience to people’s lives. What policy will be deployed in network communication this year?

　　The National Conference on Industry and Informatization held at the end of last year mentioned the key work deployment in 2020. The meeting proposed to steadily promote the construction of 5G networks and strive to achieve coverage of 5G networks in all prefecture-level cities nationwide by the end of 2020. Optimize and improve the quality of network supply, deepen universal telecommunications services, and focus on supporting deep network coverage in frontier and remote areas.

　　At the same time, the meeting requested that we continue to speed up and reduce fees on the Internet and implement accurate fee reduction in the field of poverty alleviation and disability assistance. Innovate the supervision of the telecommunications and Internet industries, do a good job in the comprehensive rectification of harassing calls, and do a good job in the quality of port number transfer services. Strengthen radio management. (End)

Measures for the Administration of Food Waste and Waste Edible Oils in Guangzhou (for Trial Implementation) (Invalid) Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government Decree No.117 No.117 "Measures for the Administration of Food Waste and Waste Edible Oils in Guangzhou (for Trial Implementation)" was discussed and passed at the 149th executive meeting of the 14th session of the municipal government on January 12, 2015, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of May 1, 2015. Mayor Chen Jianhua February 3, 2015 Measures of Guangzhou Municipality on the Management of Catering Waste and Waste Edible Oils (for Trial Implementation) Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 In order to standardize the management of catering waste and waste edible oils, promote source reduction and resource recycling, maintain urban environmental sanitation, and safeguard people’s health, in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Waste, the Regulations of municipal waste management Province of Guangdong Province, the Provisions of Guangzhou Municipality on the Administration of City Appearance and Environmental Sanitation and other relevant laws and regulations, combined with the actual situation of this Municipality, Article 2 The term "food waste" as mentioned in these Measures refers to food waste, food residue, expired food and other wastes generated by food processing, food service and unit feeding. The term "waste edible oil" as mentioned in these Measures refers to animal and vegetable oils and fats that do not meet the food safety standards produced by catering operators and canteen feeding units in the course of food business, oils and fats extracted from catering wastes, and oils and fats from oily wastewater that are separated by oil-water separators or grease traps. Article 3 These Measures shall apply to the discharge, collection, transportation, disposal and management activities of catering garbage and waste edible oils and fats within the administrative area of this Municipality.The discharge, collection, transportation, disposal and related management activities of kitchen waste generated by families and organic perishable waste generated by bazaars shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the classification of urban domestic waste in this Municipality. Article 4 Catering wastes and waste edible oils and fats shall be implemented step by step according to the construction progress of disposal facilities, following the management principles of government leading, market operation, professional supervision and social supervision, and implementing standardized discharge, unified collection and transportation and centralized disposal. Article 5 The municipal administrative department of urban management shall be responsible for the supervision and management of the discharge, collection, transportation and disposal of catering garbage and waste edible oil in this Municipality and organize the implementation of these measures. The district urban management administrative department is responsible for the daily management of catering waste and waste edible oil within its jurisdiction. Environmental protection, food and drug supervision, industry and commerce, public security, quality supervision, agriculture, price and other relevant administrative departments and urban management comprehensive law enforcement organs shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, implement supervision and management and assist in the implementation of these measures. Article 6 The planning and construction of catering garbage and waste edible oil disposal facilities shall conform to the special environmental sanitation plan, and the land for facilities shall be included in the scope of urban yellow line protection, and no unit or individual may occupy or change its use without authorization. Seventh to encourage and promote the resource utilization of food waste and waste edible oil, and promote the use of resource utilization products that meet the product quality requirements. Article 8 The municipal and district people’s governments shall implement the relevant funds according to the financial evaluation results of the collection and transportation services of catering garbage and waste edible oils and their disposal enterprises’ operating conditions. Article 9 Units that produce catering waste,Domestic garbage disposal fees shall be paid in accordance with the prescribed charging standards. The municipal administrative department of urban management can put forward a plan for the charging standards and methods according to the actual situation, and the price department will organize a hearing and audit according to the hearing procedure, and then report it to the Municipal People’s Government for approval before implementation. Chapter II Management of Discharge, Collection, Transportation and Disposal Article 10 The collection, transportation and disposal of catering wastes and waste edible oils and fats in this Municipality shall be integrated. The Municipal People’s Government shall, according to the overall planning of city appearance and environmental sanitation and the layout scheme of environmental sanitation treatment facilities, combine the output of catering waste and waste edible oil in each district, and divide the whole city into several service areas based on the administrative divisions of each district. The pilot projects determined by government bidding before the effective date of these Measures can be treated according to the existing contract, or the integration of collection, transportation and disposal of catering wastes and waste edible oils and fats can be implemented in Yuexiu District, Tianhe District, Huangpu District and Xiaoguwei Street in Panyu District within 3 months from the effective date of these Measures through supplementary agreements. Food waste and waste edible oil in other areas shall be treated in accordance with the existing management regulations before the completion of the treatment facilities. After the completion of the treatment facilities, the integration of collection, transportation and disposal shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of these measures, and the specific implementation time shall be announced separately by the Municipal People’s Government. Eleventh district urban management administrative departments shall, according to the service area designated by the Municipal People’s government, determine the collection, transportation and disposal units of catering garbage and waste edible oil within their respective administrative areas through fair competition such as bidding; The designated service area involves cross-administrative areas,The municipal administrative department of urban management shall determine the collection, transportation and disposal unit of catering garbage and waste edible oil through fair competition such as bidding. The administrative department of urban management shall sign a service agreement with the collection, transportation and disposal unit of catering garbage and waste edible oil, and stipulate the service scope, service standard, service period, market introduction mechanism and liability for breach of contract. The collection, transportation and disposal unit of catering garbage and waste edible oil shall carry out unified collection, transportation and centralized fixed-point disposal of catering garbage and waste edible oil within the designated service area. Article 12 The collection, transportation and disposal unit of catering garbage and waste edible oils and fats shall apply to the municipal environmental protection administrative department for the Permit for Strictly Controlling Waste Disposal in Guangdong Province, and to the urban management administrative department for the Permit for Operating Cleaning, Collection and Transportation of Urban Domestic Waste and the Permit for Operating Disposal of Urban Domestic Waste. Thirteenth food waste and waste edible oil producing units shall sign a collection, transportation and disposal contract with the collection, transportation and disposal unit that has obtained the right to operate food waste and waste edible oil. The collection, transportation and disposal contract shall specify the time, frequency and quantity of collection and transportation, and the recovery price of waste edible oils and fats. Food waste and waste edible oils and fats producing units handle food waste by themselves. When signing a collection, transportation and disposal contract with the collection, transportation and disposal unit, they can only stipulate the contents of collection, transportation and disposal of waste edible oils and fats, but they should file with the local urban management administrative department in accordance with the regulations.Article 14 Units that produce food waste and waste edible oils and fats shall abide by the following provisions: (1) Food waste and waste edible oils and fats shall be collected separately and stored in a sealed manner in a specified place, and shall not be mixed with other types of domestic garbage; (two) responsible for the storage of food waste and waste edible oil collection containers, and keep the collection containers intact and clean; (three) in accordance with the relevant provisions of environmental protection management, the separation of residue and water from catering garbage produces oily sewage, and an efficient oil-water separation device should be set up; (four) the catering garbage and waste edible oils and fats to the collection, transportation and disposal units that have signed a collection, transportation and disposal contract with them. Article 15 The collection, transportation and disposal units of catering wastes and waste edible oils and fats shall abide by the following provisions in the process of collection, transportation and service: (1) Provide the generating units with special collection containers for catering wastes and waste edible oils and fats with corresponding quantity and up to standard; (two) equipped with a corresponding number of catering garbage and waste edible oil collection and transportation vehicles, and in accordance with the provisions of the installation of driving recorder, loading and unloading metering system and video monitoring equipment; (3) Food waste shall be removed every day, waste edible oil shall be removed regularly according to the agreement, the oil-water separation device shall be cleaned in time, and the environment of collection vehicles, collection containers and working areas shall be kept clean and tidy; (four) the implementation of closed transportation, transportation equipment and collection containers should have a unified logo, clean and in good condition, no leakage during transportation, sudden leakage caused by environmental pollution, it should be immediately removed; (five) according to the prescribed route and time to transport food waste and waste edible oil to the designated disposal sites,Shall not change the disposal site without authorization. Article 16 The collection, transportation and disposal units of catering garbage and waste edible oils and fats shall abide by the following provisions in the process of disposal services: (1) Provide facilities and equipment for the disposal of catering garbage and waste edible oils and fats as required, and ensure their good operation and clean environment. If it is really necessary to stop production for maintenance, it shall inform the administrative department of urban management 15 days in advance; (two) improve the safety management system, equipped with safety facilities, formulate safety emergency plans to ensure the safe and stable operation of disposal facilities; (three) strictly abide by the relevant provisions of environmental protection, and take measures to prevent secondary pollution caused by waste water, waste gas, waste residue, dust and noise generated in the disposal process. Waste residue, waste water and other wastes generated in the process of disposal shall be recorded and included in the ledger; (four) the products formed by resource utilization shall meet the quality standards stipulated by the state, and the products shall have product quality inspection reports, factory sales flow records and be included in the ledger; (five) according to the requirements of environmental impact testing, regular testing and evaluation of the performance and indicators of disposal facilities, testing and evaluation results should be included in the ledger; (six) disposal facilities shall be installed and used in accordance with the requirements of online measurement, monitoring, testing and other systems and equipment. Seventeenth restaurant garbage and waste edible oil discharge, collection, transportation and disposal of the implementation of the single management system, and gradually implement the electronic single information management. The joint receipt shall be collected by the collection, transportation and disposal unit from the district urban management administrative department where the service is located and returned to the joint receipt on a regular basis for future reference. During the collection and transportation process,Should carry a single; The staff of the production unit of catering garbage and waste edible oil and fat and the collection, transportation and disposal unit shall check the items specified in the joint list on site to ensure that the contents of the joint list are consistent with the actual situation of catering garbage and waste edible oil and fat. Article 18 Units that produce food waste and waste edible oil shall establish a ledger management system for food waste and waste edible oil, and truly and completely record the signing of collection, transportation and disposal contracts and the categories, quantities and whereabouts of food waste and waste edible oil, etc., for the urban management administrative department to make regular reference. The collection, transportation and disposal unit of food waste and waste edible oil shall establish a ledger for the collection, transportation and disposal of food waste and waste edible oil, truly and completely record the signing of the collection, transportation and disposal contract, the category, quantity, source, flow record and facility operation data of food waste and waste edible oil, and submit a monthly collection, transportation and disposal ledger to the administrative department of urban management before the 10th of each month. Nineteenth catering waste and waste edible oil collection, transportation and disposal units shall not suspend business without approval; If it is really necessary to suspend business, a written report shall be submitted to the municipal administrative department of urban management six months in advance, and the business can be suspended only after approval. Article 20 It is forbidden for any unit or individual to commit the following acts in the discharge, collection, transportation and disposal of food waste and waste edible oil: (1) Directly discharge food waste and waste edible oil into public waters, public toilets, drainage pipes or dump, throw and pile food waste and waste edible oil at will in other ways; (2)Mixing catering garbage and waste edible oil with other types of domestic garbage for storage, collection, transportation and disposal; (three) the catering waste and waste edible oil to units and individuals that have not obtained the franchise service license for collection, transportation and disposal; (four) collecting, transporting and disposing of food waste and waste edible oil without franchise; (five) in violation of the provisions of the use of food waste and waste edible oil to raise livestock, aquatic products and other animals; (six) in violation of the provisions of the use of food waste and waste edible oil production, processing of food and feed; (seven) other acts prohibited by laws, regulations and rules. Chapter III Safeguards Article 21 The catering industry organizations shall give full play to the role of industry self-discipline, bring food safety, the treatment of catering waste and waste edible oil into the scope of rating and credit management of catering units, and urge catering service units to do a good job in reducing the amount of catering waste and waste edible oil, regulating its discharge, and disposing it harmlessly. Article 22 The municipal administrative department of urban management shall establish and improve the comprehensive evaluation system of the integrity of the collection, transportation and disposal units of catering garbage and waste edible oil, and implement the market exit mechanism for enterprises that collect, transport and dispose of catering garbage and waste edible oil in violation of regulations. Article 23 The administrative department in charge of urban management shall supervise and inspect the following situations of the collection, transportation and disposal of catering garbage and waste edible oil within its jurisdiction through written inspection, spot check, on-site verification or entrusted supervision by qualified units, and publish them regularly, and accept social supervision: (1) The signing of the contract for the collection, transportation and disposal of catering garbage and waste edible oil producing units and the record of accounts;(two) the implementation of the collection and transportation of food waste and waste edible oil; (three) the accounting records and submission of the collection, transportation and disposal units of catering garbage and waste edible oil; (four) the operation and use of facilities and equipment for the collection, transportation and disposal of catering garbage and waste edible oils and fats; (five) the classified collection, sealed storage and harmless disposal of food waste and waste edible oil. The administrative departments of urban management, quality supervision, industry and commerce, food and drug supervision, agriculture and environmental protection shall establish an information sharing system, share the food and beverage service license and strictly control the waste disposal license, the account of the resource utilization products of food and beverage waste and waste edible oil disposal units, and supervise and manage the quality, flow and use of the resource utilization products of food and beverage waste and waste edible oil according to their respective functions and duties. Article 24 The municipal administrative department of urban management shall formulate an emergency plan for the collection, transportation and disposal of catering garbage and waste edible oils and fats, and establish an emergency mechanism. The collection, transportation and disposal unit of food waste and waste edible oil shall, according to the provisions of the emergency plan, prepare the emergency plan of food waste and waste edible oil of the unit and report it to the administrative department of urban management for the record. In the event of unexpected events, it is impossible to collect, transport and dispose of food waste and waste edible oils and fats normally, and the administrative department in charge of urban management shall immediately start the emergency plan and timely organize relevant units to collect, transport and dispose of food waste and waste edible oils and fats. Twenty-fifth any unit or individual has the right to complain and report violations of these measures.After receiving complaints and reports, the relevant departments shall promptly investigate and deal with them according to law, and shall reply to the signed reports. The administrative department in charge of urban management shall announce to the public once every six months the list of units that produce food waste and waste edible oil and fat in violation of regulations and the collection, transportation and disposal units, and incorporate them into the credit record. Twenty-sixth urban management departments should establish a law enforcement information sharing mechanism with public security, environmental protection, food and drug supervision, quality supervision, industry and commerce, agriculture and other relevant administrative departments and urban management comprehensive law enforcement agencies, and carry out joint law enforcement on a regular basis. The District People’s Government shall regularly organize relevant functional departments to carry out joint law enforcement according to the actual needs of the management of catering waste and waste edible oil within its jurisdiction. Twenty-seventh municipal and District People’s governments and relevant functional departments shall establish an index system for supervision and inspection, supervision and management evaluation of the management of food waste and waste edible oil, and incorporate it into the evaluation system for comprehensive improvement of urban management. Article 28 The municipal and district people’s governments and relevant functional departments shall publicize the management of food waste and waste edible oils and fats through radio stations, television stations, newspapers, periodicals, internet and other media, so as to improve the food safety awareness of catering service units and citizens, advocate rational consumption of citizens, and promote the reduction of sources. Chapter IV Legal Liability Article 29 If a unit producing catering garbage and waste edible oil violates these measures, it shall be punished by the comprehensive law enforcement organ of urban management in accordance with the following provisions: (1) If it violates the provisions of Article 13 and fails to sign a collection, transportation and disposal contract with the collection, transportation and disposal unit in accordance with the provisions, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit;Overdue reform, a fine of 10 thousand yuan and 30 thousand yuan; (two) in violation of the provisions of the fourteenth paragraph (a), not in accordance with the provisions of the separate collection or classification of food waste and waste edible oil in the specified place, shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit, and impose a fine of more than 5,000 yuan in 1000 yuan; (three) in violation of the provisions of the fourteenth paragraph (three), not in accordance with the provisions of the installation of oil-water separation device, shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; Overdue reform, a fine of 5000 yuan and 30 thousand yuan. Article 30 If a collection, transportation and disposal unit of catering garbage and waste edible oil violates these measures in the process of collection and transportation service, it shall be punished by the comprehensive law enforcement organ of urban management in accordance with the following provisions: (1) If it violates the provisions of Item (1) of Article 15 and fails to provide the collection container of catering garbage and waste edible oil for the generating unit in accordance with the provisions, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; Overdue reform, a fine of 5000 yuan and 20 thousand yuan; (II) Whoever, in violation of the provisions of Item (2) of Article 15, fails to equip special collection and transportation vehicles for catering wastes and waste edible oils in accordance with the provisions, or fails to install driving recorders, loading and unloading metering systems and video monitoring equipment in accordance with the provisions, shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; Overdue reform, a fine of 10 thousand yuan and 30 thousand yuan; (III) Whoever, in violation of the provisions of Item (3) of Article 15, fails to clear the oil-water separation device on time in accordance with the provisions, and keeps the collection and transportation vehicles, collection containers and working areas clean and tidy, shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit and be fined not less than 3,000 yuan in 1000 yuan; (4)In violation of the provisions of Item (4) of Article 15, in the process of transportation, food waste and waste edible oil are leaked, which causes pollution to the road, and shall be ordered to clean up immediately, and a fine of not less than 3,000 yuan per 1000 yuan shall be imposed; (5) Whoever, in violation of the provisions of Item (5) of Article 15, fails to transport catering garbage and waste edible oils and fats to the designated disposal site according to the prescribed route and time, or arbitrarily changes the disposal site, shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit and be imposed with a fine of not less than 20,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan. Article 31 If the collection, transportation and disposal unit of catering garbage and waste edible oil violates these measures in the process of disposal, it shall be punished by the comprehensive law enforcement organ of urban management in accordance with the following provisions: (1) If it violates the provisions of Item (1) of Article 16, it fails to equip the disposal facilities and equipment in accordance with the provisions and ensure their good operation and clean environment, or fails to report the suspension of production and maintenance within the specified time, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit and be fined not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 30,000 yuan per day; (two) in violation of the provisions of article sixteenth (two), not in accordance with the provisions of the safety management system, equipped with safety facilities, the development of safety emergency plan, shall be ordered to make rectification within a time limit, and impose a fine of 5000 yuan and 20 thousand yuan; (3) In violation of the provisions of Item (3), Item (4) and Item (5) of Article 16, failing to include the disposal of food waste and waste edible oil in the ledger in accordance with the provisions, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit; If no correction is made within the time limit, a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan shall be imposed; (four) in violation of the provisions of article sixteenth (six),Failing to install or leave idle, dismantle, refit, damage or block online metering, monitoring, testing and other systems and equipment in accordance with the regulations, it shall be ordered to make corrections within a time limit and be fined between 5,000 yuan and 30,000 yuan. In violation of the provisions of Item (3) of Article 16, if environmental protection measures are not taken in accordance with the provisions, resulting in secondary pollution accidents, the administrative department of environmental protection shall be punished according to the provisions of Article 82 of the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on the Prevention and Control of Environmental Pollution by Solid Wastes. Article 32 If, in violation of the provisions of Article 17, the catering garbage and waste edible oils and fats producing units and the collection, transportation and disposal units fail to implement the joint management, the urban management comprehensive law enforcement organ shall order them to make corrections within a time limit and impose a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan per 1000 yuan. Article 33 If, in violation of the provisions of Article 18, catering garbage and waste edible oils and fats producing units and collection, transportation and disposal service units fail to establish ledgers in accordance with the provisions, falsify ledgers or fail to declare them in accordance with the provisions, the urban management comprehensive law enforcement organ shall order them to make corrections within a time limit; Overdue reform, a fine of 5000 yuan and 30 thousand yuan. Article 34 If, in violation of the provisions of Article 19, the collection, transportation and disposal unit of catering garbage and waste edible oil suspends its business without approval, the comprehensive law enforcement organ of urban management shall order it to make corrections within a time limit and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan. If losses are caused, they shall be liable for compensation according to law. Article 35 Whoever violates the provisions of Item (1), Item (2), Item (3) and Item (4) of Article 20 shall be punished by the comprehensive law enforcement organ of urban management in accordance with the following provisions: (1)Food waste and waste edible oil are directly discharged into public waters, public toilets, drainage pipes or dumped, spilled or piled up at will in other ways, and shall be ordered to immediately remove pollution, and the unit shall be fined between 5,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan, and the individual who commits the above acts shall be fined below 1000 yuan; (II) mixing catering garbage and waste edible oil with other types of domestic garbage for storage, collection, transportation and disposal, and imposing a fine of not less than 5,000 yuan but not more than 20,000 yuan on the unit, and imposing a fine of not more than 1000 yuan on the individual who commits the above acts; (3) If the catering garbage and waste edible oil are handed over to units and individuals that have not obtained the franchise service license for collection, transportation and disposal, the unit shall be fined between 2,000 yuan and 10,000 yuan, and the individual who commits the above acts shall be fined below 1000 yuan; (IV) Unauthorized collection, transportation and disposal of catering garbage and waste edible oils and fats shall be ordered to stop the illegal acts, the removal tools shall be confiscated according to law, and the unit shall be fined between 5,000 yuan and 50,000 yuan, and the individual who commits the above acts shall be fined below 1000 yuan. In violation of the provisions of Item (5) and Item (6) of Article 20, the administrative departments of agriculture, food and drug supervision and quality supervision shall investigate and deal with those who use food waste and waste edible oil to raise livestock, aquatic products or produce and process food and feed. Thirty-sixth administrative organs, institutions, state-owned enterprises and other internal canteens, restaurants in violation of these measures, in addition to punishment in accordance with these measures, the main leaders and directly responsible personnel shall be investigated for administrative responsibility according to law.Article 37 If the relevant administrative departments of urban management, environmental protection, public security, agriculture, food and drug supervision, and the comprehensive law enforcement organs of urban management and their staff neglect their duties and abuse their powers in the supervision and management of catering garbage and waste edible oils and fats, causing heavy losses or adverse effects, the appointment and removal organ or the supervisory organ shall give sanctions according to the management authority; Anyone suspected of committing a crime shall be transferred to judicial organs for handling according to law. Chapter V Supplementary Provisions Article 38 These Measures shall be implemented as of May 1, 2015. Issued by the Secretariat of the General Office of Guangzhou Municipal People’s Government on February 11, 2015

In fact, in July this year, the asset was auctioned once. At that time, the starting price was 98.94 million yuan, which was close to a small goal. Finally, it was auctioned because no one was interested. The starting price dropped to 79.15 million yuan, but no one was willing to take over, and even the attention was halved.

This Lifan in Henan belongs toLifan technologyIts wholly-owned subsidiary, which was put into production in 2014, specializes in producing new energy electric cars, which is the first step of Lifan’s new energy transformation.He and Wei Xiaoli were born in the same era, but the ending was very different.

　　Since the promulgation and implementation of "Decision on the Management of Judicial Appraisal" in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in 2005, the judicial appraisal industry has developed rapidly. According to statistics, in 2016, there were 4,872 judicial appraisal institutions and 54,198 judicial appraisers registered by judicial administrative organs, and more than 2.13 million cases of various judicial appraisal services were completed, more than eight times that of 2005. At the same time of rapid development, the development of forensic expertise industry is also facing some problems and troubles.

　　Violations of laws and regulations occur from time to time.

　　Document identification restores the authenticity of signatures and seals, and does not provide opportunities for counterfeiters; Forensic pathology identification, determine the responsibility of medical disputes; Recognition of relatives under the complicated situation of DNA identification … Judicial expertise opinions affect the nature of the case, the severity of the crime, the success or failure of the lawsuit, and the personal rights and property rights of the parties.

　　However, in the field of judicial expertise, some violations of laws and regulations occur from time to time, such as violating the rules of identification procedures and technical operation norms, carrying out identification activities beyond the scope of registered business, and organizing unqualified personnel to engage in judicial expertise business. In November, 2015, Jiangxi Jingsheng Judicial Appraisal Center was given a warning by Jiangxi Provincial Department of Justice, because it published false propaganda pictures of relevant qualification certificates on its website without obtaining relevant qualification certificates. In February this year, the Ministry of Justice informed the Lingshi Judicial Appraisal Center of Shanxi Province about the violation of laws and regulations: the center went beyond the registered business scope and organized appraisers who did not have the qualification of forensic pathologists to engage in forensic pathological appraisal illegally; Charge the blood alcohol content test and appraisal fee beyond the unified charging standard of Shanxi Province …

　　In 2016 alone, more than 230 cases of illegal judicial expertise were investigated and dealt with nationwide, and 132 appraisal institutions were cancelled. Thousands of appraisers were cancelled due to unqualified qualifications and unqualified related examinations, which effectively standardized the practice order and improved the overall ability level of the industry. However, this also reflects the problems existing in the entry threshold of judicial appraisal institutions and appraisers. "At present, China’s judicial appraisers have problems such as inconsistent qualification management and appraisal technical standards. On the other hand, it is difficult for some judicial organs to judge the professionalism of judicial authentication institutions when entrusting judicial authentication, which will also affect the accuracy and applicability of the authentication results. " Qin Xiyan, a lawyer from Hunan Province, introduced for example that a procuratorate needs to assess the value of real estate when handling criminal cases involving state-owned assets, but entrusts a price certification center to determine the price. However, the principles and standards on which the real estate value assessment is based are obviously different from the price determination, and the appraisal results will naturally affect the handling of cases by judicial organs.

　　The lack of appraisal standards and technical specifications for some appraisal matters is also a factor that causes dissatisfaction among the parties. The reporter learned that at present, the identification matters with more complaints and opinions from the parties are usually those that are difficult to rely on the detection of instruments and equipment and mainly rely on the appraisers to use professional knowledge and experience for identification and judgment, such as handwriting identification, forensic psychiatric identification, and medical damage identification. In practice, due to many theories and methods, these appraisal items often lack unified appraisal standards and technical specifications, which is easy to cause the parties to question and be dissatisfied with the appraisal opinions.

　　Profit-seeking, affecting the fairness of appraisal

　　Repeated identification and contradictory identification are a prominent problem in judicial expertise. Liu Jianwei, deputy director of the Institute of Forensic Science and Technology Appraisal of China University of Political Science and Law and an expert in document retrieval, analyzed that most appraisal institutions are responsible for their own profits and losses, and some of them are profit-seeking. In order to win more appraisal commissions, they relax their standards and control, which affects the quality and credibility of appraisal.

　　"In a labor contract dispute, the company sued Li for terminating the labor contract according to the contract, but Li argued that the contract was not signed by himself. The court entrusted an appraisal agency to conduct appraisal, and the first appraisal result was’ not signed by Li’; At the second trial, we appraised it, but the result was the opposite. This is because the sample used in the first appraisal was written by the party Li in court, not his real writing habits, which led to re-appraisal. " Liu Jianwei said that this is because the appraisal agency indulged the simple handling of the sample taken by the judge to a certain extent for the source of the case.

　　"In recent years, the business volume of paternity testing has increased rapidly. In order to do more paternity testing business, some appraisal institutions have set up cross-regional receiving points and sampling points to carry out false propaganda, which has seriously affected the image of the industry." Deng Jiaming, director of the Judicial Appraisal Administration of the Ministry of Justice, said, "The number of cases remains basically stable, and the tax authorities levy taxes on appraisal institutions according to enterprises, which is relatively heavy. In an environment of market-oriented free competition, it is also easy to objectively lead to profit-seeking behavior. In response to these problems, the Ministry of Justice carried out a special rectification of the paternity test business in 2016, which effectively standardized the identification order. "

　　With the development of society, the updating speed of identification instruments and equipment is accelerated, and the original equipment configuration standards can not meet the requirements of current litigation activities for identification work. In addition, the requirements for the number of appraisers and the requirements for funds and residences are not high in the access conditions of institutions, which leads to the emergence of a large number of judicial identification institutions with small scale and general technical conditions. "At the same time, due to the lack of scientific development planning, the number of some types of appraisal institutions is on the high side, while the number of appraisal institutions for some urgent litigation matters is less, and the regional distribution is not balanced. The situation of small, scattered and chaotic institutions cannot be fundamentally changed, which affects and restricts the healthy development of the judicial appraisal industry to a certain extent." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice introduced.

　　In terms of the access of appraisers, the standards for the identification of related majors in the legal access conditions are not very clear, and the professional requirements for appraisers are limited to professional titles, professional qualifications or working experience, resulting in a mixed team of appraisers. "In order to ensure that the appraisal opinions put forward by appraisers are authoritative, objective and scientific, they need certain professional knowledge and practical experience, that is to say, they should be experts in their appraisal business fields." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice said: "In practice, the judicial administrative organs have access to those who meet the statutory conditions, which leads to some appraisers’ professional mismatch, average technical ability and poor sense of responsibility, which affects the quality of appraisal."

　　Judicial expertise management should be refined

　　In 2015, the state delegated the pricing authority of judicial expertise fees to the provincial level, and some places failed to introduce new standards on time. Recently, the Ministry of Justice issued the "Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Judicial Appraisal Fees", which requires that when formulating charging standards, all localities should scientifically and reasonably formulate charging standards for judicial appraisal according to the local economic and social development level and taking into account factors such as appraisal cost and difficulty; It is necessary to strictly standardize and uniformly implement, and study and standardize the setting of the charging standard "downward floating range" to avoid vicious competition among appraisal institutions; Where the local standards for judicial expertise fees have not yet been formulated, they must be completed before the end of June this year.

　　This is a policy response to the topic of "sky-high appraisal fee" In February of this year, Weibo, a lawyer in Sichuan, attracted attention: "A case of Chengdu Intermediate People’s Court needs to be appraised. A fingerprint, two seals and a signature were appraised, and the asking price was 170,000 yuan. The appraisal fee is catching up with the legal fees!" The appraisal fee of more than 170,000 yuan has attracted attention. One controversial point is that the Measures for the Administration of Judicial Appraisal Fees have been abolished, Sichuan has not yet issued local standards, and there is a gap in legal convergence. "This case is a target amount of 30 million, involving three projects. It is not too much to calculate 57,000 for each project alone, but it is not clearly defined whether all three projects in a case are calculated at 57,000." Liu Jianwei said.

　　"At present, the industry management of judicial expertise is still somewhat extensive." Guo Zhaoming, deputy director of the Institute of Forensic Science and Technology Appraisal of China University of Political Science and Law, said that the judicial administration should be more refined, and the judicial administrative department should further tighten the entry threshold for judicial appraisers and appraisal institutions, strengthen the training of professionals, and promote the justice of judicial appraisal through a series of measures.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice said that in view of the problems existing in the access to judicial expertise, the next step is to take measures: First, strictly control the customs, strengthen the role of expert evaluation in the examination and registration work, and refuse to register legal persons or other organizations that do not have the instruments and equipment necessary for the appraisal and the testing laboratories that have passed the metrological certification or laboratory accreditation according to law, as well as personnel with weak professional relevance, unqualified professional skills or deregistered; The second is to refine the access standards, revise and improve the equipment configuration standards of judicial authentication institutions and the classification regulations of judicial authentication practices as soon as possible, and formulate and introduce the standards for the identification of related professions and related work of judicial authenticators, so as to provide a clear basis and reference for the audit and registration work; The third is to strictly implement responsibilities and seriously pursue accountability.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly put forward the requirement of improving the unified judicial expertise management system. At present, in accordance with the requirements of the central authorities, the Ministry of Justice, together with relevant departments, is making every effort to promote and improve the reform of the unified judicial expertise management system and focus on solving the institutional and mechanism problems that affect and restrict the development of the judicial expertise industry. Relevant issues such as access, quality management, charging system and the public welfare nature of judicial authentication institutions, which are of social concern, will be gradually solved in the reform. He said, "The Ministry of Justice will continue to do a good job in the management and quality construction of judicial expertise, vigorously strengthen the supervision of the judicial expertise industry, and strive to promote the healthy development of the judicial expertise industry."