author/Claire

"600 million dollars has arrived."

Yin Xianyu (Song Joong Ki), sitting in the VIP seat of an overseas bank, wore a suit and tie, calmly signed his name, and the $600 million arrived smoothly.

"Is it your hard work or luck to become a billionaire at such a young age?" In the face of the staff’s curiosity, Yin Xianyu smiled and didn’t talk.

However, he walked out of the bank easily and successfully completed the boss’s task, which is indeed a happy thing for migrant workers.

Just waiting for Yin Xianyu is not a promotion and salary increase, but being shot in a foreign land and falling into the sea to die.

The story won’t end there. Yin Xianyu changed his time and identity as soon as he closed his eyes. He became the youngest grandson of the chaebol family, and a revenge story began.

This is the content of the Korean drama "The Little Son of the chaebol" starring Song Joong Ki. This Korean drama is adapted from the online novel of the same name. Not only national actors such as Song Joong Ki and Li Xingmin starred, but also the director of "Two Worlds in W" and the screenwriter Kim Tae-hee of "Sungkyunkwan" joined in. This lineup made the series get the first shot.

Facts have proved that the broadcast effect of the series is really good. The first three episodes scored 8.5 points in Douban, and the local first episode reached 6.058%, which was the second highest in JTBC’s Korean dramas over the years, and the third episode directly broke 10.826%.

Yin Xianyu died in the previous life in the first episode of "The Little Son of the chaebol", and the second episode was reborn as Chen Daojun, and the third episode began to fight back when he grew up. The series attracted the audience to call out the wonderful things with its strong plot and fast-paced content, and filmed the "cool point" of rebirth and cool writing.

Beauty is strong and men are miserable.

The harder you work, the sadder you get.

The screenwriter is well versed in the writing technique of "wanting to promote first, restraining first". If you want to look cool in the back, you have to watch something depressing in front of you. Yin Xianyu, as the protagonist, must be miserable enough!

First of all, he came from a miserable family and was born in poverty. His family not only couldn’t afford him to go to college, but also had to bear all the expenses of his father and brother after his mother died. The burden on him was extremely heavy.

Before dawn in Seoul, Yin Xianyu went to the empty office with his briefcase, tidied up the table, put the often-read My Time, Life and Shun Yang back on the shelf, took out Computerized Taxation Level 2, and even began to teach himself online classes, making the same migrant workers feel ashamed.

This kind of effort, reminiscent of his family, has a sad feeling of "the harder you work, the sadder you get".

The second is to look at the decent but grovelling work, and it is also very miserable to work for the Korean chaebol.

Yin Xianyu, who has a high school education, climbed to the position of the head of the future asset management group of Shunyang Group in ten years, and the efforts behind it were sad.

The current president of Shunyang Group was sentenced to three years’ imprisonment and five years’ probation on suspicion of tax evasion for manipulating the stock price. At this juncture, the next heir, the son of the president, fell to the ground with anger in a few words, and people ran away and disappeared.

In order to unveil the bronze statue of the late president smoothly and not affect the group’s share price, Yin Xianyu was asked to find someone within 30 minutes, otherwise he would be dismissed.

In the face of the heir who was out of control, Yin Xianyu was not only beaten by the golf ball in his hand, but also kept bowing at 90 degrees and was drenched with a cup of tea. At last, he was sarcastically said, "Only by saying those bullshit can you have a dog who doesn’t know its owner."

Being taken out by the chaebol and being talked about by colleagues behind his back.

"Gloves that are thrown away when used up" "To be honest, his academic qualifications don’t meet at all, and he can only use them at will after graduating from high school." Yin Xianyu listened calmly to his comments, but after receiving a phone call, he directly dumped just the instant noodles and went to repair the toilet for the president’s wife.

Therefore, Yin Xianyu, who came home late for her mother’s anniversary, was urged to get married by her father. When she learned that her younger brother had given up the administrative examination, an inevitable quarrel broke out. Yin Xianyu, who left in a rage, still left a pile of money.

Of course, the worst thing is to be killed by the chaebol who are loyal to them.

In order to get back the assets flowing overseas, the successor of the president appointed Yin Xianyu as the financial team leader to solve the matter personally.

It seems to be an excellent opportunity to gain the respect of the leader, but after things were successfully done, he was killed by people at the seaside. It was Yin Xianyu’s man Shen Gengmin who did it, and the people behind the scenes naturally wanted Yin Xianyu’s things.

Before being killed, Shen Gengmin repeated what Yin Xianyu once said to him, "Never refuse the boss’s instructions, never ask questions, and never speculate under any circumstances. This is my principle."

Open your golden finger

The chaebols slapped their faces.

After "miserable", it is natural to be "cool".

Before waking up from the dead sea, Yin Xianyu woke up and found himself sitting in a strange car. The time went back to 1987 and he became the youngest grandson of the late President Chen Yangzhe-Chen Daojun.

His father is Chen Yunji, who was excluded from the family heir because of his marriage.

At the moment, they are going to attend Chen Yangzhe’s flower birthday party.

Yin Xianyu knows all about the Chen family in Shunyang, but he doesn’t remember any information about Chen Daojun. This part of his mind is missing.

Now he has no real feeling of rebirth, until Chen Chengjun, the great grandson of the president, broke the porcelain and was caught stealing by Chen Daojun. Facing the frame-up, Chen Daojun took out what he had taken away from his pocket.

In the face of his emotional runaway grandson, Chen Yangzhe’s words were exactly the same as those in the autobiography of the president. Everything was happening as he knew. At this moment, Yin Xianyu confirmed that he had returned to the past.

Yin Xianyu, who was suddenly excited, immediately took a taxi to his home. At that time, before his mother died, he ordered a bowl of soup rice and ate it while crying. When Chen Daojun’s mother took him away, he passed away from himself when he was a child. He knew that he really became Chen Daojun, the youngest grandson of the chaebol family.

In order to get revenge and find out who killed himself, Chen Daojun started his own plan.

The first step is to get grandpa to admit himself.

As a person from the future, Chen Daojun’s biggest golden finger is poor information.

At Chen Yangzhe’s birthday party, Cheongwadae came to sponsor the election funds, but the choice of the three presidential candidates has been in the air. Chen Daojun seized the opportunity and made a small show in front of everyone.

Since he couldn’t meet the president’s grandpa, Chen Daojun simply affirmed that Lu Taiyu would become president in front of others at the door, and everyone thought he was talking nonsense.

But soon they were slapped in the face, and the news broadcast reported that the simplification agreement of the first two candidates broke down, and the president’s grandfather immediately stopped his grandson and threw out "whales fight and shrimp suffer, so how can this shrimp become a fisherman?" The problem.

When Chen Daojun came up with the answer, the president’s grandfather went to Baghdad for a business trip. He knew that the flight plane on the day when the president came back would be lost, so he saved the president’s life by leaving a phone message.

President Lu Taiyu came to power and handed over the monopoly semiconductor business to Shunyang Group.

As the helm of the entire Shunyang Group, Chen Yangzhe is suspicious, and it is not easy to fool with a few words.

"Dao Jun, do you know the future?" He asked his grandson with eyes that saw through everything, "You know all about the breakup of simplification, the election of Lu Taiyu candidate as president, and the explosion of CAL828, right?"

Chen Daojun, who has lived for two lives, is still clutching his clothes nervously. "What I know is not the future, but my grandfather’s mind. You are not looking for answers, but seeking recognition and support."

After successfully dispelling the suspicion of the president’s grandfather, Chen Daojun asked for a piece of land as a reward, and made a deal with his grandfather with the admission notice from the Law Department of Seoul National University, the highest institution in Korea.

Chen Daojun was recognized by his grandfather, and Chen Yunji was also "the father depends on the child". The chaebol family allowed Chen Daojun’s family to participate in the weekly party.

"The reason why I became a family with the Chen family is that some of these people killed me." Chen Daojun came down from the steps and looked around at all the people with different expressions. With this line of Song Joong Ki, he got goose bumps and looked forward to the road of revenge more and more.

Ambition is on the horizon.

Ten years later, Chen Daojun was admitted to the Law Department of Seoul National University with the first place.

The land that was originally asked for by the president’s grandfather is now only 24 billion yuan (about 127 million yuan) from the sale of land and commercial land.

Under his guidance, my father made a lot of money by introducing Home alone, and even advised him to invest in Titanic at the new york Film Market Festival.

Chen Daojun met Wu Shixian, an investment wizard, at the new york Film Market Festival, and won the trust of the supercomputer Deep Blue and chess champion Kasparov by predicting the confrontation result.

After all, Chen Daojun’s behavior caused the anxiety of the president’s sons and daughters. The eldest son, Chen Yongji, wanted to win his father’s affirmation through the acquisition of Handao Steel, but Handao Steel was acquired by American investment company Power Shares for 500 billion yuan.

The person behind the scenes is Chen Daojun. Facing Wu Shixian’s incomprehension, he said that everything is to prevent Handao Steel from falling into the hands of Vice President Chen Yongji.

Chen Daojun’s ambition to swallow the whole Shunyang Group is vividly portrayed.

The beauty of the story lies in that Chen Yangzhe, the president, is not incompetent. In the rambling view, his momentum as a superior is much higher than that of the male owner. After the acquisition of Handao Steel, he can accurately guess that the owner of the chessboard is someone else, and everything is under control.

As the helm of the group, he can predict that "the business of labor will end, the development of technology industry can survive, and semiconductors are the future rice bowl of Shunyang."

At present, Chen Daojun’s opponents are the president’s son and daughter, but what is more exciting must be the contest between him and the president’s grandfather.

As soon as "The Little Son of the chaebol" was broadcast, netizens teased how many books the Korean screenwriter had eaten. After reading three episodes, the story was indeed the most common routine in the main online text of the man.

The reborn male master holds the information in the next few decades. Using this information, he can easily gain fame and benefits, and his golden finger is big, satisfying the "cool point" of readers and audiences.

However, it has been "cool", and the audience will be tired, but they will lose the motivation to pursue it. "The Little Son of the chaebol" is based on the rebirth, and it is still about the chaebol in South Korea. Only this time, it is ironic that the chaebol assets are illegal and criminal, how they avoid national laws to realize their own interests, and the internal struggles of the chaebol, killing each other.

As for who killed Yin Xianyu, the suspense was maximized through the shooting techniques and narrative of the series.

The rebirth of the golden finger attached to the man is just one part of many things worth watching.

In fact, in the first half of this year, there was also a Korean drama teased by netizens that "the screenwriter must have been undercover at the starting point", which was adapted from the novel of the same name. My Life Again, starring LEE JOON GI, tells the story that the hot-blooded prosecutor was reborn to 18 years old and started a new life of revenge. It was also "cool" in two episodes.

It’s an indisputable fact that China’s online articles sell well at home and abroad. It can also be seen that Korean online articles are greatly influenced by China’s online articles in content, and the popularity of online articles is precisely because of the content. In the film adaptation of such reborn online articles, Korean screenwriters and directors really respect restoring the original works, which is why the audience calls "the screenwriter must have read many starting points" because it is too "reborn and refreshing".

Rebirth articles are very common in China, but not many can be taken out, or the setting of rationalization and rebirth is weakened, which weakens the sense of coolness. On the contrary, it is very common to shoot short plays with rebirth themes, and it is easier to get out of the circle. For example, there are very few dramas that directly point out the setting of rebirth.

In fact, this year’s dramas, such as Twinkle, Twinkle, Bright Stars, The Beginning, and The Basic Law of Genius, are all set with a little rebirth, and the story is thus unfolded, which is very interesting.

However, there aren’t many dramas like "The Little Son of the chaebol". I don’t know when one can be filmed in China.

(If you like this article,Click on the topAKA TaodaodaoPay attention to WeChat official account,There is no shortage of good stories here ~)

　　Digital trade has broken the time and space restrictions of traditional trade, and has had a profound impact on the mode, structure and rules of global trade, and has become an important force leading the growth of global trade.

　　Single-hole endoscopic surgery robots, driverless cars, live e-commerce figures, etc. attract many viewers to stop; Cambodian longan has expanded its sales by using China e-commerce channels; Ethiopian coffee beans are transported to China through overseas warehouses, processed and packaged into ear-hanging coffee, and then sold by the live broadcast platform … … At the second Global Digital Trade Expo held not long ago, some new formats and models of digital trade were eye-catching, showing the vigorous vitality of digital trade.

　　When the Chairman of the Supreme Leader sent a congratulatory letter to the Second Global Digital Trade Expo, he pointed out: "At present, global digital trade is booming and has become a new bright spot in international trade." More than 800 domestic and foreign digital trading enterprises participated in this fair, and more than 100 "digital new products" made their debut, and 32 projects were signed on site, with a total contracted amount of 155.85 billion yuan. Digital Trade Fair is a national, international and professional exhibition with the theme of digital trade, which builds a platform for global digital trade cooperation and sharing digital trade dividends, and shows more possibilities brought by the development of digital economy.

　　With the rapid development of digital technology, digital trade is becoming a new trend of international trade development and a new growth point in the future. In recent years, China has attached great importance to the development of digital trade and achieved good results, and its international popularity and influence in the field of digital trade have been continuously improved. According to the China Digital Trade Development Report 2022 released by the Ministry of Commerce, in 2022, the import and export volume of digitally deliverable services in China was US$ 372.71 billion, up 3.4% year-on-year, and the scale reached a new record high. The import and export volume of cross-border e-commerce reached 2.11 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.8%. This shows that China’s digital trade has great development potential. Conforming to the development trend of digital economy, strengthening international cooperation and jointly promoting global digital trade exchange and digital economy development will not only help promote the high-quality development of China’s economy, but also inject new momentum into international economic and trade cooperation.

　　Under the background of the accelerated evolution of the world in the past century and the counter-current of economic globalization, developing digital trade is of great significance for creating new possibilities of international trade and maintaining economic globalization. Digital trade has broken the time and space restrictions of traditional trade, and has had a profound impact on the mode, structure and rules of global trade, and has become an important force leading the growth of global trade. Online platform and digital technology enable service providers to directly face the global market, opening up new trade space. For example, Beijing relies on Zhongguancun Software Park National Digital Service Export Base to build a "digital trade port" and promote international cooperation in digital trade. China has a huge amount of data resources and rich application scenarios of digital trade, and the development of digital trade has unique advantages. It is necessary to further optimize the network layout, improve the level of digital governance, and promote the high-quality development of digital trade.

　　We should also see that there are still some problems and challenges in the development of digital trade in China, such as the imperfect data infrastructure, the need to improve the rules system, the need to upgrade the open platform, and the need to improve the competitiveness of business entities. In the next step, we should focus on solving the problems in the field of digital trade and strengthen international open cooperation. Accelerate the construction of data infrastructure, promote the interconnection of international data infrastructure, actively meet the requirements of international economic and trade rules, and constantly improve the digital trade rules system, so as to create a good environment and provide strong support for the development of digital trade.

　　Put on AR glasses to challenge virtual darts, you can play the piano without a teacher, and play with AI chess robot & HELIP; … After visiting the number trade fair, some people described it as "Guo ‘ Future ’ One day. " In the digital age, digital trade will play a greater role. Making full use of the global digital trade Expo platform, discussing cooperation, promoting development together and sharing achievements will certainly make digital trade a new engine for common development and inject new momentum into world economic growth.

This year, all Tibetan counties in our province will be stripped of their hats, and there will be four counties in Liangshan Prefecture, including Leibo, Ganluo, Yanyuan and Muli. Deep poverty-stricken areas such as Tibetan areas and Yi areas will be the focus of assessment and evaluation of poverty alleviation. The picture shows Moshi Village, Paha Township, Leibo County. A beautiful picture of a new village and a new village is slowly unfolding. The villagers have lived in safe housing and are working hard to get rid of poverty. (Reporter   Xiao Yuyang)(Visual Sichuan data picture)

interpret

Recently, in 2019, a video conference on poverty exit acceptance and assessment was held in Chengdu, and arrangements were made for the deployment of poverty alleviation assessment and dynamic management of poverty alleviation targets in our province this year.

At the meeting, the deputy secretary-general of the provincial government, the director of the provincial poverty alleviation office and the director of the provincial poverty alleviation and development bureau stressed at the beginning that the rest of this year and next are hard bones, and the poverty level is deeper and it is more difficult to get rid of poverty, especially in 2019. It is also the highest peak of poverty-stricken counties, and the difficulty, density and intensity of work are unprecedented.

In this context, doing a good job in the assessment of poverty alleviation this year and improving the management of poverty alleviation targets will lay a solid foundation for our province to finally win the battle against poverty in an all-round way.

Look at the changes

Focusing on deep poverty areas and the quality of poverty alleviation, different "candidates" and "test sites" are different.

If the assessment is compared to an exam, what are the "test sites"?

The relevant person in charge of the Provincial Poverty Alleviation and Development Bureau introduced that it mainly focuses on "two guarantees and three guarantees", focusing on deep poverty-stricken areas, focusing on the quality of poverty alleviation, and focusing on "four non-picks".

The person in charge said that the above work not only pays attention to key areas, such as deep poverty areas, but also emphasizes key tasks, that is, implementing the "two guarantees and three guarantees", while paying attention to groups that have been lifted out of poverty and giving full consideration to all aspects of poverty alleviation.

According to different "candidates", the focus of the exam is also different.

Although the detailed assessment plan has not yet been released, according to the assessment work arrangements in previous years, there are roughly the following aspects.

For counties with lighter poverty alleviation tasks, focus on assessing the assistance of the remaining poor, improving the long-term poverty alleviation mechanism and consolidating and improving the results of poverty alleviation; Counties that have taken off their hats should also assess the implementation of the "four don’t take off" (taking off their hats without responsibility, taking off their hats without assistance, taking off their hats without policy, and taking off their hats without supervision).

Counties with heavy poverty alleviation tasks will focus on assessing the completion of poverty alleviation tasks and the implementation of poverty alleviation responsibilities, policy implementation and work implementation; In counties that have not taken off their hats, it is also necessary to focus on assessing the progress of poverty reduction, the quality of poverty alleviation and the completion of the bottom line tasks.

From June to September this year, our province carried out the "two worries and three guarantees" to look back at the big investigation work, and required full coverage of all poor households who set up files. It was the first province in China to carry out the "two worries and three guarantees" full coverage investigation.

Paying attention to the rectification of major investigation problems and data quality is also the focus of this year’s assessment and evaluation work. At the beginning of the reduction, it is necessary to assess whether the major investigation is strictly based on the facts to find problems and whether it is a benchmark for rectification.

Seeking precision

Do a good job in dynamic management of poverty alleviation objects to ensure the authenticity of data.

Precision is the key to getting rid of poverty. At present, it is approaching the final stage of poverty alleviation, and the dynamic management of poverty alleviation targets, striving for precision and precision, is the focus of the next stage of our province.

"The dynamic adjustment and labeling of poverty alleviation targets mainly completes poverty alleviation of poor households, withdrawal of poor villages, natural increase and natural decrease of family members of poor households (including poverty-stricken households)." According to the beginning of the year, the collection, updating and entry of information on poverty alleviation targets are mainly the collection and entry of basic information of family members of newly-added poor households, the updating of basic information of poor households (including poverty-stricken households) and poverty-stricken villages (including exit villages), and the verification, collection and entry of information on poverty-stricken households (including poverty-stricken households over the years).

It is necessary not only to adjust in time, but also to ensure accuracy. Data quality is the lifeline of establishing a card, which not only affects the analysis, judgment and macro-decision of the situation of poverty alleviation, but also affects the quality of poverty alleviation.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Provincial Bureau of Poverty Alleviation and Development, next year, the state will organize a census of all poverty-stricken counties, and the basic basis of the census is to file data, so it is extremely urgent to completely solve the data quality problem.

The meeting proposed that problems such as inaccuracy and inaccuracy found in major investigations should be actively rectified and revised in the national system; Print the basic information of poor households and the comparison table of assistance measures through the information system, carry out information collection at home, and verify and approve the data of the filing card; If it needs to be revised after verification and approval, it should be improved in the information system.

"The directors of poverty alleviation offices in cities, counties and cities should take the verification and approval (dynamic adjustment) of poverty alleviation data as the’ first priority’ in their daily work." At the beginning of the year, it was emphasized that when talking about the problems existing in poverty alleviation, we should use the results of "big investigation" in a unified way and resolutely put an end to the phenomenon of "one set of data for one department". "All counties and cities should pay attention to data quality and make the data consistent and logical." (Reporter   Houchong)

microblog comment

The "key year" should be strictly tested.

2019 is a very crucial year. This year’s work has been done, and next year’s poverty alleviation will have a more solid foundation.

How to ensure that this year’s work is in place? Assessment is an important link.

Is the "two guarantees and three guarantees" in place? What is the effect of industrial development? How is the assistance work going? Have poor households, poor villages and poor counties reached the standard of poverty alleviation? Is poverty exit in line with the procedure? This series of question marks need to be straightened in the assessment.

Looking back on the assessment of poverty alleviation in our province in the past two years, the careful work of investigators is impressive. Some investigators go straight to the kitchen after entering the house to see if there is safe drinking water; Some repeatedly check the data in the poverty alleviation manual; If the poor people are not at home, the investigators will try their best to contact each other for telephone verification.

It can be said that the more we get rid of poverty, the more we face "hard bones", and we need to strictly assess and evaluate the work, so as to really "feel the pulse" for getting rid of poverty. Only in this way can we have a bottom in our hearts and ensure that Sichuan and the whole country will build a well-off society in an all-round way at the end of next year. (Luan xiaojing)

　　Original title: Influenza enters the high-risk season, and experts remind patients with symptoms to take antiviral treatment as soon as possible. No new strains of respiratory infectious diseases have been found in this city.

　　The city has entered the flu season, slightly later than in previous years. On December 24th, Li Dong, chief physician of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, introduced that the main prevalent strain at present is influenza A (H1N1), and most people with normal immune function can heal themselves. At present, no "new strains" of respiratory infectious diseases have been found. He reminded the public to pay attention to protection, vaccinate in time, and patients with symptoms should receive antiviral treatment as soon as possible.

　　Old people and children are high-risk groups.

　　November to March is the high season of influenza in northern China. The high incidence period in 2024 came late, and it began to gradually enter the popular season in December. The monitoring results show that the main strain of this epidemic is influenza A (H1N1).

　　Li Dong once said that after the onset of influenza, respiratory symptoms such as fever, sore throat and cough often occur, as well as systemic symptoms such as headache and body aches. "Although the symptoms are more serious than other respiratory infections, influenza is a self-limiting disease. Most people with normal immune function can heal themselves, and the course of disease is generally 5 to 7 days."

　　The elderly, infants, pregnant women, patients with basic diseases, obese people and other people with low immunity are high-risk people who are seriously ill after being infected with influenza virus. Li Dong once said: "Vulnerable people are more likely to cause pneumonia or related complications after infection, which may also cause fluctuations in the original basic diseases and increase the possibility of hospitalization." Early antiviral treatment can shorten the course of disease.

　　Li Dong once said that antiviral drugs used to treat influenza have the best effect within 48 hours after symptoms appear. Using antiviral drugs as early as possible can shorten the course of disease and reduce the risk of serious illness and infection to people around. It is suggested that people who have been exposed to flu-like symptoms and those with severe high risk should be treated with antiviral therapy as soon as possible, and early detection, diagnosis and treatment should be carried out.

　　Li Dong once reminded that oseltamivir can be used for prevention after unprotected close contact with influenza cases. Citizens can also keep antipyretic and analgesic drugs at home. But don’t repeat the medication. Be sure to read the instructions carefully and follow the doctor’s advice when taking medicine. Once the patient has a high fever, or symptoms such as severe cough, breathlessness, listlessness, etc., and still does not improve after 5 days of onset, complications and secondary infections may occur, so it is necessary to seek medical attention in time.

　　"Sometimes clinicians will arrange antiviral treatment while some high-risk people have symptoms and wait for the test results. Please understand the doctor’s advice and actively cooperate with the treatment." Li Dong once said that influenza vaccination or early antiviral treatment can reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications after the diagnosis of influenza in the elderly and reduce the probability of hospitalization.

　　Vulnerable people should be vaccinated every year.

　　At about 13: 00 on December 24, in the fever clinic building of You ‘an Hospital, three patients with fever were waiting for treatment. A female patient reported that she had coughed for 3 days and had fever for 1 day. According to the test results, the attending doctor suggested that she stop taking antibiotics by herself. "The test results will be available before noon tomorrow, and you can check the results on the mobile phone. If it is positive, we will inform the medical advice by phone in time. "

　　Li Dong once said that since the middle and late December, the number of influenza cases in this city has increased significantly, but it still declined compared with 2023 and the year before. At present, the patients with respiratory infectious diseases in outpatient and emergency departments are mainly influenza; Among the hospitalized patients, the patients over 60 years old are mostly influenza patients, and the patients over 60 years old are mostly rhinovirus and pneumonia patients. "The number of patients has increased, but the growth of critically ill inpatients is not obvious."

　　He called on the public to be vaccinated in time, especially the vulnerable people should be vaccinated every year, and it is also necessary for people who have been infected with the flu to be vaccinated. Li Dong once said: "New Year’s Day and Spring Festival are approaching. As people visit relatives and friends and travel more, they may be exposed to more influenza strains. Vaccination will have a protective effect."

　　Hot spot response

　　Respiratory viruses can also cause dizziness.

　　Some citizens have reported that a "new strain" with dizziness has appeared recently. Is it true?

　　Li Dong once said that no new strains of respiratory infectious diseases have been found. Individuals infected with respiratory virus have different manifestations. Dizziness, headache, fatigue and muscle soreness are all common symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases. This is a systemic symptom caused by the virus spreading to various parts with blood circulation after a large number of copies, and it is also a self-protection mechanism after the immune system recognizes the virus.

　　Protection suggestion

　　Do a good job of home isolation after catching the flu.

　　Li Dong once suggested that citizens should develop good hygiene habits such as washing hands frequently. Pay attention to cough etiquette; Wear masks scientifically, especially in high-risk places with poor air circulation and crowded people. After being infected with the flu, it is necessary to isolate at home, pay attention to opening windows and ventilation, and reduce contact with family members. When caring for patients, pay attention to keeping a distance and wearing a mask. (Sun Leqi)

Several main statistics of the results of the second national population census

(1964)

　　 (1) Total population

　　　 At 24: 00 on June 30, 1964, the national population was 723,070,269. The population of 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions (Tianjin was then affiliated to Hebei Province) and active servicemen was 694,581,759, including 356,517,011 men, accounting for 51.33%; There are 338,064,748 women, accounting for 48.67%. The population of Taiwan Province, Hong Kong and Macao compatriots and overseas Chinese is 28,488,510.

　　　 The population of each province, city and autonomous region is as follows: (unit: people)

　　　 Beijing 7,568,495
　　　 Hebei Province 45,687,781
　　　 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 12,348,638
　　　 Shanxi Province 18,015,067
　　　 Liaoning Province 26,946,200
　　　 Jilin Province 15,668,663
　　　 Heilongjiang Province 20,118,271
　　　 Shanghai 10,816,458
　　　 Jiangsu Province 44,504,608
　　　 Zhejiang Province 28,318,573
　　　 Anhui Province 31,241,657
　　　 Jiangxi Province 21,068,019
　　　 Fujian Province 16,757,223
　　　 Shandong Province 55,519,038
　　　 Guangdong Province 42,800,849
　　　 Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 20,845,017
　　　 Hunan Province 37,182,286
　　　 Hubei Province 33,709,344
　　　 Henan Province 50,325,511
　　　 Sichuan Province 67,956,490
　　　 Yunnan Province 20,509,525
　　　 Guizhou Province 17,140,521
　　　 Xizang Autonomous Region 1,251,225
　　　 Shaanxi Province 20,766,915
　　　 Gansu Province 12,630,569
　　　 Qinghai Province 2,145,604
　　　 Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 7,270,067

　　 (2) Population of all ethnic groups

　　　 On June 30, 1964, there were 651,296,368 Han people in 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, accounting for 94.22% of the total population. The population of ethnic minorities is 39,883,909, accounting for 5.78%.

　　　 Ethnic groups with a population of more than one million are: Mongolian 1,965,766; 4,473,147 Hui people: 2,501,174 Tibetans; 3,996,311 Uighurs; 2,782,088 Miao people; 3,380,960 Yi people; 8,386,140 Zhuang people; 1,348,055 Buyi people; 1,339,569 Koreans; There are 2,695,675 Manchu people.

　　 (3) Population age

　　　 On June 30, 1964, the working-age population in China (men aged 16 to 59 and women aged 16 to 54) was 341,491,424, accounting for 49.17% of the total population.

　　　 The population under the age of 1 to 14 is 280,671,035, accounting for 40.4% of the total population. Among them: 114,287,925 school-age children aged 7 to 12; There are 135,422,127 children under 6 years old. The population over 61 is 38,171,010, accounting for 5.5% of the total population. There are 4,900 people over 100 years old (2,134 men and 2,766 women). The highest age is 150 years old, and there is one person.

　　 (4) Education level of the population

　　　 On June 30, 1964, among the population of 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, there were 2,875,401 people with university education, 9,116,831 people with high school education, 32,346,788 people with junior high school education and 195,824,459 people with primary school education.

　

　　On February 27th, the Pterosaur Ⅱ UAV developed by aviation industry corporation of china Chengdu Aircraft Design and Research Institute successfully made its first flight, which not only has multiple characteristics such as high cost performance, long endurance and multi-purpose, but also is suitable for military, police and civilian fields.

　　All four engines of the large-scale amphibious aircraft AG600 (Jiaolong 600) for fire fighting and water rescue were successfully tested for the first time, which laid a solid foundation for the next first flight. The aircraft was equipped with a communication and navigation system developed by CLP Avionics Co., Ltd.

　　The deep connection and transformation between "people joining the army" and "military conversion to the people" has stimulated the vitality of enterprise development and innovative achievements have emerged continuously. As an important bearing area of national defense science and technology industry, Chengdu has formed a relatively complete industrial cluster in aviation, aerospace, information security, military electronics, nuclear energy and nuclear technology applications, electromechanical equipment and materials, and has strong industrial strength.

　　Based on its own advantages, Chengdu will further implement innovation-driven and integration of defense and civilian technologies, and cultivate and develop the national defense science and technology industry as a high-end growth industry. According to integration of defense and civilian technologies’s industrial development plan, Chengdu will vigorously develop integration of defense and civilian technologies industrial cluster park as the starting point, accelerate the reform and innovation of integration of defense and civilian technologies mechanism system, and open up the innovation channel of integration of defense and civilian technologies; We will focus on building a "1+N" industrial system in integration of defense and civilian technologies, and strive to cultivate 100 billion-level clusters by 2025.

　　Breaking institutional barriers and stimulating endogenous vitality of both military and civilian sides

　　Sichuan Province has been listed as one of the experimental areas to systematically promote comprehensive innovation and reform. To shoulder the heavy responsibility of being the first city in Sichuan, Chengdu must open up an innovation channel for deep integration of military and civilian, and set an example for accumulating experience for comprehensive innovation and reform.

　　In Chengdu Kaitian Electronics Co., Ltd., several young R&D personnel are preparing to start a business by using AVIC’s joint creation platform. The military technology based on Kaitian Electronics’ sensors for decades has set foot in the civil security industry, which is also a transformation growth point of Kaitian Electronics.

　　"The integration of military products and civilian products is very different, and it is necessary to reform the mechanism and system, and even many aspects such as product modeling and design concepts need to be changed." The relevant person in charge of Kaitian Electronics said that introducing strategic investors to form joint-stock companies and accelerating the reform of institutional mechanisms have also become one of the key directions of the company’s future efforts.

　　Breaking the shackles of institutional mechanisms and giving full play to the role of the market can stimulate the endogenous vitality of both the military and the people. "integration of defense and civilian technologies involves many fields, such as industry, science and technology, military affairs and education. It is a complex systematic project. There are different management systems and mechanisms between military and civilian enterprises, and institutional mechanisms and technologies cannot be well integrated." The relevant person in charge of the Municipal Economic and Information Committee also said that to promote the development of integration of defense and civilian technologies, it is necessary to fundamentally solve these problems.

　　Taking accelerating institutional innovation as a breakthrough, Chengdu focuses on key projects, focusing on screening major projects in integration of defense and civilian technologies with large investment, strong driving ability and leading technical level, and strengthening follow-up; Actively implement the strategic agreement with the military industry group and promote the signing of a number of projects; Through the project guidance, actively guide social resources to participate in the reform of mixed ownership of military industry, give full play to the advantages of flexible system and mechanism, rapid decision-making and strong financial strength of private enterprises, and explore the development model of integration of defense and civilian technologies in which civilian enterprises participate in the reorganization and restructuring of military enterprises by means of equity participation, holding and acquisition.

　　In order to accelerate the deep integration of military and civilian and promote the industrial development of integration of defense and civilian technologies, in the second half of last year, the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Industrial Development of integration of defense and civilian technologies in Chengdu" and "Several Policies and Measures for Chengdu to Accelerate the Industrial Development of integration of defense and civilian technologies" were successively issued, which clarified the development direction and put forward the goal of building a national integration of defense and civilian technologies Innovation Demonstration Zone, "by the end of the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan, the income from the main business of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s industry exceeded 150 billion yuan".

　　The support of relevant policies has stimulated the vitality of enterprise development: Sichuan Haite High-tech Co., Ltd. actively participated in the reform of mixed ownership of state-owned enterprises, successfully invested in Chengdu Jiashi Technology, a subsidiary of 29 CLP, and established Haiwei Huaxin Company to enter the field of semiconductor integrated circuit chip manufacturing and build a world-leading compound integrated circuit production line; Sichuan Chuanda Zhisheng Software Co., Ltd. took the shareholding system reform as an opportunity to form a set of mechanism suitable for the industrialization of scientific and technological innovation achievements, featuring the deep integration of Industry-University-Research, and embarked on a new way to transform scientific and technological achievements in colleges and universities into national defense scientific and technological strength; AVIC Chengfei Civil Aircraft not only manufactures the nose for the domestic large aircraft C919, but also actively participates in the development and production of the front and rear boarding gates of Airbus A320 series aircraft …

　　Planning and building characteristic industrial parks to expand the industrial spatial development pattern of integration of defense and civilian technologies.

　　In August last year, a comprehensive strategic cooperation agreement between Chengdu and Beihang University was formally signed, involving seven projects with a total contracted amount of 11.4 billion yuan. According to the agreement, Chengdu, Beihang University, xihua university and other universities and research institutions will give full play to their advantages in location, resources, technology and talents, and strive to build an international innovation port in the west of Beihang University with "one body and two wings".

　　Among them, "integration" means that Beihang cooperates with Chengdu Tianfu New District to focus on building an international innovation port in the west of Beihang, including Beihang Innovation Research Institute, Beihang Innovation Science and Technology Park, Beihang Chengdu Graduate School and Beihang Tianfu International Exchange Center; The "two wings" are to build the Chengdu Aeronautical Power Innovation Research Institute of Beihang University (Blue Power Silicon Valley) and the Chengdu Aeroengine Industrial Base of Beihang University.

　　Industrial park is the carrier support of industrial development. All new projects in cooperation with Beihang University will also be located in integration of defense and civilian technologies Industrial Park planned by Chengdu. At present, Chengdu has started and completed the integration of defense and civilian technologies Innovation Industrial Park in Tianfu New District, integration of defense and civilian technologies Aviation Industrial Base in Xindu District, Pengzhou integration of defense and civilian technologies Aviation Power Industrial Park, and the aviation industrial park construction schemes in Shuangliu District, Hi-tech Zone, Qingyang District and Jintang County have also been completed. The construction of six provincial-level integration of defense and civilian technologies industrial bases undertaken by Chengdu, namely, the complete aircraft industrial base, the nuclear power industrial base, the information security industrial base of China Dianke (Chengdu), the "Yinhe 596" industrial base, the Shuangliu industrial base of the Western Institute and the aerospace high-tech industrial park, are all progressing in an orderly manner.

　　According to the plan, Chengdu will focus on the key areas of integration of defense and civilian technologies’s industrial development, such as aviation, information security, military electronics, nuclear energy and nuclear technology application, mechanical and electrical equipment, new materials and other fields, and plan to build a number of industrial parks with integration of defense and civilian technologies characteristics and industrial bases supported by major projects of leading enterprises, initially forming a spatial development pattern with reasonable layout, multi-park support and coordinated promotion.

　　After years of development, the pattern of mutual support and transformation of military and civilian technologies and capabilities in Chengdu has initially appeared, with the main body of military industry becoming more and more lean, the scientific research capability becoming stronger and stronger, and the level constantly improving; While participate extensively in that scientific research and production of weapons and equipment, civilian enterprise have brought the market mechanism into the field of military industry, showing their ability to compete with the existing military industry, and a scientific research and production system characterized by high technology is bee established.　

Author | Yifei

Do you prefer to brush videos on your mobile phone or watch videos on the big screen?

At the watermelon PLAY Curiosity Conference held yesterday, Ren Lifeng, President of Watermelon Video, delivered a speech entitledMulti-screen era of Chinese videoThe speech.

Why do you say "Chinese video" is on fire? Ren Lifeng believes that this is due toDiversification of broadcasting channels.At present, the mobile phone channel is close to the top, and new channels such as smart TV, TV set-top box and tablet still have incremental space. People have not only watched videos on their mobile phones.

Take Mr. Li Yongle, a well-known creator of watermelon video, for example. In the past month, the amount of his video played on TV has surpassed that on mobile APP, with the former playing 26.63 million a month and the latter 23.29 million.

Tuyuan Watermelon PLAY Curiosity Conference

Smart TV has the advantages of image quality and size, which can effectively enhance the user’s visual experience. In the past, TV platforms mainly focused on movies and dramas, and now it is expected to expand into the field of medium and short videos.

Users can brush videos on their mobile phones and watch videos on the big screen, and new user habits are being developed.

Obviously, watermelon video doesn’t want to miss the popularity of this new channel.

Fresh Time TV: Watermelon Video on TV

In June 2019, Watermelon Video cooperated with China Digital Media to launch "Fresh Time TV" for smart TV. Users can download and use it directly on smart TV.

Fresh Time TV’s homepage hastwentyA column,Only the three columns of "watching blockbusters", "cartoons" and "documentaries" are long video columns, and the rest are short video columns.The layout of the waterfall program list and the playing window is basically copied from the interface of the mobile phone. Users can switch videos directly with the remote control, and like, follow and collect them. The page also displays data such as the amount of play and the number of fans.

Judging from the video content, Fresh Time TV is the main one.Horizontal screen videoOnly the video content in the "Small Video" column is vertical. This is the same as the development route of watermelon video APP focusing on video for more than 3 minutes. The horizontal video has a high adaptability on the TV side, so the content on the APP side can be directly migrated to the TV side.

It can be seen from some recent actions that watermelon video intends to accelerate the promotion of "Fresh Time TV".On May 1st this year, National Film and Television IP Hi, Mom exclusively logged into Fresh Time TV, attracting viewers with the slogan "Free viewing within a limited time". This movie was only logged into the watermelon video mobile APP after 7 days. This is the first time that watermelon video puts the status of TV big screen in front of the mobile APP, which may be intended to fit the warm theme of the movie and render the atmosphere of family watching, but it can also glimpse the intention of watermelon video to drain the TV big screen.

China Guangshi Sophomore CSM once pointed out in the "Research Report on the User Value of Short Video in 2020": "With the continuous upgrading of technology, the interaction between large and small screens has become the norm, and the big screen of TV has become a new way to open short videos, among which the proportion of short video users who have used TV to watch short videos is about 55.8%." The entry of Internet short video APP conforms to this trend and accelerates the expansion of TV short video content ecology.

In addition to watermelon video, Aauto Quicker also launched the "Cloud Audio-visual Fast TV" application in April 2020. Since then, both short video platforms have landed on smart TV channels.

　How was the TV short video?

From the perspective of industry data, the head player of smart TV APP is still a long video platform, and the popularity of short video platform has not caught up. The "OTT Big Screen User Behavior Monthly Report in December 2020" released by Aowei Entertainment shows that the daily activities of the two short video platforms, China Digital Fresh Time TV and Cloud Audio-visual Fast TV, are only between 2 million and 3 million, while the top ones in the rankings are "Galaxy Kiwi Fruit" created by iQiyi and "CIBN Cool Meow Video" by Youku, both of which are mainly long video content such as dramas and movies.

The data shows that,TV short video is still in its infancy.For mobile short video apps that have entered the stock competition, the big TV screen may be able to give them new increments.

In the whole TV short video industry, the fresh time TV of watermelon video belongs to the content side.In addition to the content side, the industry also needs terminal manufacturers and licensees, all of which are indispensable.

Terminal manufacturers are also innovating in line with the trend of TV short video.For example, Konka, a smart TV terminal manufacturer, launched a short video product "Shake Screen" in December 2019, which is dedicated to improving the operating experience of short videos. "Shaking Screen" is also building its own content system. At present, the video content deposited has reached 1 million hours, and it is drained by popular movies such as My People My Homeland.

The licensee is the top priority of the whole industry.In 2009, in order to regulate the development of Internet TV, the State Administration of Radio, Film and Television began to issue TV licenses to TV groups. The State Administration of Radio, Film and Television has issued Internet TV licenses twice, and will not issue them in the future. The existing seven licensees are Guangdong CIBN, Galaxy Internet GITV, BesTV BESTV, China Digital TV, Southern Media, Mango TV and ICNTV. Internet TV products must cooperate with any of the seven licensees before they can broadcast content on TV.

Fresh Time TV is a cooperation with China Digital TV. Huashu TV was founded by Zhejiang Radio and Television, Hangzhou Wenguang Group and Ningbo Radio and Television, and has been invested by Ali. In April 2021, Fresh Time TV also signed a contract with Fujian Radio and Television, and users can watch the content of Fresh Time directly on Fujian Radio and Television Network TV.

At present, the business models of TV short video applications such as Fresh Time TV and Cloud Audio-visual Fast TV are still unclear. However, applications that focus on long videos and series movies, such as Galaxy Kiwi, have explored business models. Duan Youqiao, senior vice president of iQiyi, once proposedThree business models:First, diverse and interactive focus advertising, second, user members pay, and third, realizing around IP. All three business models are likely to migrate to short video platforms.

Users’ demands for TV short videos

Tencent Media Research Institute released a research report in April 2020, and investigated the pain points of users of smart TV short videos to 4364 users. The report pointed out: Long advertising time, poor remote control experience, and difficulty in finding video portals are the top three reasons why users are dissatisfied with TV short videos. In addition, there are pain points such as insufficient video clarity and slow update of TV content.

From the user’s experience, although the TV big screen and the mobile phone screen are both interactive screens, there is still a big gap in the specific operation. The touch experience of the mobile phone is different from the remote control of the TV. The latter is obviously not as flexible as the former and has a lot of room for improvement.

In addition, it is worth noting that the survey shows thatMore than one third of users watch TV short videos alone.The users who watch smart TV alone account for only 16% of the total users, and the former is 2.3 times that of the latter. It can be seen that although 83% of smart TVs are placed in the living room, short-sightedness still tends to be a tool for individuals to pass the time, and the personalized distribution mode on the mobile phone side is not suitable for family scenes.

For this pain point,Perhaps Ren Lifeng’s "Chinese video" strategy can effectively deal with it.. He pointed out that the classic programs we used to watch on old TV, such as Animal World and I Love My Family, all lasted for 1-30 minutes. These programs are suitable for many people to watch together, which is very suitable for the family living room scene.

It seems that watermelon video has found that supporting professional content that the public likes is an important way for short video platforms to adapt to home TV scenes.

At the watermelon PLAY conference, Xian Yubo, the head of watermelon content ecology, proposed to support Chinese video creation.Chinese video partner program”。 He pointed out that TV traffic has become a source that cannot be ignored, and the partnership plan will not only support mobile works, but also achieve "multi-screen coverage".

Under the background that the content of short video platform is richer, it is bound to differentiate the content that is more suitable for TV screen and the content that is more suitable for mobile phone screen. Nowadays, the competition of short video on mobile phone screen has fallen into the Red Sea, and the complete TV short video ecology has not yet formed. Perhaps, smart TV will become the next soil for short video platforms.

At that time, the rapid rise of Tik Tok and Aauto Quicker,It is largely due to the exploration of the 9: 16 vertical screen content mode.. Facts have proved that one-handed mobile phone browsing vertical screen content can best meet people’s real needs in the fast-paced era and stimulate users’ "addiction". After Jikuai swept through the short video industry, traditional video portals such as "Youaiteng" began to accelerate the layout of 9: 16 vertical screen content, but the market has been set, and it is too late.

Smart TV, a new channel, is on the rise, and the previous experience and lessons on the mobile side cannot be ignored. It is foreseeable that whoever can explore the TV short video mode that can attract users the most as soon as possible will occupy the forefront in this industry.

Watermelon video is determined to support the content of "Chinese video", which is an obvious signal: they want to attack the city and plunder the pool on TV media.

IT House May 3 news In response to recent questions from netizens about the reading contract and whether it is completely free, the new team of Reading Group also answered related questions through the official WeChat WeChat official account yesterday.

IT House learned that the contract that attracted widespread attention was launched in September 2019, and the new management team of Reading said that they would communicate with the writers and modify the contract accordingly. In response to the rumor that "all reading is free", the reading team said that this statement is "impossible and unrealistic, please don’t believe it".

Respond to the original:

Dear fellow writers:

Hello everyone! We are very concerned about the reading contract that has been discussed and questioned by everyone since April 28 and whether it is completely free. We also explain it to you here:

1. At present, the contract we are discussing is a contract that was launched in September 2019, not a new contract that was launched on April 28, 2020 as rumored by the outside world.

2. As a new management team on April 27th, 2020, we received many criticisms and opinions on this old contract. We attach great importance to it and have begun to re-examine it. We will have extensive communication with writers, and we will make corresponding amendments to unreasonable terms. Please rest assured.

3. From the beginning of the new team, we firmly believe that we must consolidate and maintain the payment model and explore innovative models. It is impossible and unrealistic to say that "all free reading" is carried out in reading articles rumored by the outside world. Please don’t believe it.

4. Wechat reading is one of the partners of reading channels. About the limited-time free operation of WeChat reading for reading copyright content, which everyone is concerned about, it is the improper operation of the channel itself and the management error of our channel work. We have communicated with WeChat Reading and reached a consensus that the operation activity has been offline and will not have any impact on the author’s income.

5. Writers are the foundation of reading platform. Content ecology is not only for reading, but also for everyone. Now everyone’s opinions and criticisms are not overnight, so it is a very important gain to know everyone’s true feelings. On May 3rd, we will announce the arrangement of a series of talks between the new management and writers, hoping to get your outspoken suggestions on the development of reading and discuss the future together.

After fumbling all the way to today, we have made mistakes and detours. We will face the challenge and hope to create a common future with you.

Cheng Wu, Hou Xiaonan and the New Reading Team

2020-5-2

Disclaimer: This article creates original translated articles for Flint. Individuals are welcome to forward and share them. Reprinting on websites and WeChat official account requires authorization.

I. Literature sources

Taubenberger J　K, Morens D　M. 1918 influenza: the mother of all pandemics[J]. Emerging infectious diseases, 2006, 12(1):15-22.

The literature was published in the American CDC academic journal Emerging Infectious Diseases, January 2006, Volume 12, No.1, with the title "1918 Influenza: Mother of All Pandemic Diseases". （ www.cdc.gov/eid）

II. Introduction to the author

Dr. Taubenberger: Director of Molecular Pathology, United States Army Pathology Institute, Rockville, Maryland. The research direction is the molecular pathophysiology and evolution of influenza virus.

Dr Morens: epidemiologist, working for the American institute of allergy and infectious diseases. His research interests are emerging infectious diseases, virology, tropical medicine and medical history.

foreword

From 1918 to 1919, Spanish influenza caused about 50 million deaths in the world, and it is still an ominous haze of public health. There are still many unanswered questions about the origin, such as unusual epidemiological characteristics and main pathogenic factors. Although we are now trying to overcome the spread of pandemics such as H5N1 or other viruses, the impact of the 1918 influenza on public health is still uncertain. The information of the 1918 influenza is still being updated, such as sequencing the whole genome from the autopsy in the archives, but the virus genome alone cannot answer the key questions. To understand the 1918 flu and its impact on the future, we need detailed experiments and in-depth historical analysis. Tip: The number of words in the full text is 7279, and it takes an average of 15 minutes to finish reading.

background

During the 1918-1919 flu, about one third of the world’s population (about 500 million people) was infected and developed clinical symptoms. The pandemic is more serious than expected. Compared with the mortality rate of other pandemics (< 0.1%), the mortality rate of influenza in 1918 was > 2.5%. It is estimated that the total death toll is about 50 million, and the pessimistic view is as high as 100 million.

The influence of 1918 influenza was not limited to 1918-1919. Since then, almost all influenza A (except avian influenza virus, such as H5N1 and H7N7) in the world are descendants of 1918 influenza virus, including drifting H1N1, recombinant H2N2 and H3N2. The latter is the integration of the key genes of the 1918 influenza by the later avian influenza, thus expressing new proteins. It can be said that the 1918 flu is the mother of all pandemics.In 1918, it was unclear how human influenza was related to avian influenza and swine flu. Although the clinical and epidemiological characteristics are similar to those of influenza pandemics in 1889, 1847 or even earlier, the high mortality rate makes many people wonder whether it should be called influenza. This problem was not solved until 1930, when the influenza virus (now called H1N1) was isolated from pigs, and later it was also isolated from humans. Seroepidemiological studies soon linked the virus with the 1918 flu. Subsequent research shows that the offspring of 1918 virus has always existed in pigs, and may still appear in humans continuously, experiencing the continuous iteration of antigenic drift, and leading to an annual epidemic outbreak until the 1950s. In 1957, a new H _ H2N2 epidemic (namely "Asian influenza") began to appear, and the H1N1 virus, the offspring of the 1918 virus, completely disappeared from the human circulation, although the related pedigree was still attached to pigs. But in 1977, it suddenly "reappeared" from the laboratory freezer and began to be popular among humans.
In 2006, two natural lineages and two recombinant lineages of the offspring of 1918 virus became popular: human H1N1, swine H1N1 (swine flu), recombinant human H3N2 and recombinant swine H3N2, but none of the offspring was close to the pathogenicity of 1918 virus. Swine strains H1N1 and H3N2 rarely infect humans, while the morbidity/mortality of human strains H1N1 and H3N2 are lower than that of 1918 virus.In fact, the fatality rate of natural H1N1 is even lower than that of H3N2 (prevalent since 1968). The H1N1 and H3N2 viruses originated from the 1918 influenza have been prevalent all over the world for 29 years, and there are almost no signs of extinction.

First, try to understand what happened?

By the early 1990s, 75 years of research had failed to answer the most basic question of the 1918 flu: Why was it so deadly? People didn’t isolate any virus from the 1918 influenza epidemic, but their descendants continued to invade humans slightly. A follow-up survey of influenza epidemic in the 1920s showed that in the years after 1918, influenza epidemic became an annual epidemic with low mortality due to gene drift. Did one genetic event greatly reduce the pathogenicity of the 1918 virus, and then another genetic event turned the 1918 virus into a weaker H1N1 virus?

In 1995, a scientific team determined the autopsy materials of influenza in the autumn of 1918 from the archives, and began a long sequencing experiment on small RNA virus fragments, so as to deduce the whole genome of the 1918 virus. At present, the whole genome of one virus and partial gene sequences of four other viruses have been determined. The above experiments and a series of other articles related to 1918 virus have confirmed that 1918 virus is most likely the ancestor of human/pig H1N1, H3N2 and extinct H2N2. No mutation related to the genome of 1918 virus has been found in other highly pathogenic influenza viruses of human or animals, but the continuous study on virulence factors has produced some interesting results. Nevertheless, the 1918 gene sequence data can not answer the origin and epidemiological characteristics of the virus.

Second,When and where did the 1918 flu begin to spread?

Before and after 1918, most influenza pandemics originated in Asia and spread all over the world.During the 12-month period from 1918 to 1919, the 1918 flu spread more or less simultaneously from three regions: Europe, Asia and North America (the first wave is thought to have started in the United States in March 1918). Historical and epidemiological data are not enough to identify the geographical origin of the virus, and the recent 1918 gene system research can not analyze the geographical origin.

Although there was no national influenza disease reporting system in 1918, and the diagnostic criteria for influenza and pneumonia were not clear, since December 1915, there was an epidemic of respiratory diseases in the United States, and the mortality rate of influenza and pneumonia rose sharply in 1915 and 1916, and then decreased slightly in 1917. The first wave of influenza pandemic appeared in the spring of 1918, and the second wave and the third wave of influenza pandemic with higher mortality rate appeared in the autumn of 1918 and the winter of 1919 respectively, as shown in Figure 1.

Is it possible that the weak-adaptability H1N1 virus had spread in 1915, and although there were some serious diseases, it had not caused a pandemic?At that time, data consistent with this was also reported from European military camps, but the opposite conclusion was given: if the virus strain with new hemagglutinin (HA) affected the mortality rate of influenza and pneumonia in the United States, it should have caused a pandemic long ago, and someone should be immunized or at least partially immunized by 1918. It is difficult to determine that the "pioneer" events of the 1918 flu came from 1915, 1916 or even early 1918.

Figure 1 Three waves of epidemics: the weekly mortality rate of influenza and pneumonia in Britain from 1918 to 1919.

Another unique feature of the 1918 influenza pandemic was that people and pigs were infected almost at the same time.The 1918 virus probably expressed a new subtype of antigenicity, which led to the low immunity of most people and pigs. Recently published genetic studies show that hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminic acid (NA) expressed by the 1918 virus gene were probably derived from the avian influenza virus shortly before the start of the pandemic, and the precursor virus failed to spread widely in humans or pigs for decades. More recent reports of the virus gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the virus also support this conclusion. Regression analysis of human/swine flu sequences from 1930 to the present shows that the precursor of 1918 virus first spread in humans from 1915 to 1918. Therefore, the precursor of the 1918 virus may have spread widely among humans before 1918, and so far no research has directly indicated the transition from any bird. In a word, its origin is still confusing.

Are the three waves of epidemics from the same virus?

Historical records since the 16th century show that a new influenza pandemic may occur at any time of the year, which is not necessarily the regular pattern in winter every year, because the behavior pattern most likely from the new influenza has been found among infected people. After that, these pandemic viruses began to drift in the face of the selective pressure of population immunity, and eventually the pattern of annual epidemic recurrence was triggered by drifting virus mutants.

During the 1918-1919 pandemic, the first spring tide began in March 1918 and spread to the United States, Europe and even Asia in different degrees in the next six months. The prevalence rate was very high, but the mortality rate in most areas was not significantly higher than the normal value. The second wave of autumn tide began in September-November, 1918, and it spread rapidly around the world and was fatal. The third wave of epidemic began in early 1919. According to the clinical similarity, some contemporary observers have come to the conclusion at the beginning that the three epidemics should be caused by the same disease: the mild symptoms in the three epidemics are the same, and they have the typical flu characteristics of the 1889 pandemic and earlier pandemics. However, in retrospect, there are few cases in which the first wave of spring tide developed rapidly from simple influenza to fatal pneumonia, and fatal pneumonia is the symbol of the last two waves of epidemic tide; Comparatively speaking, the frequency of complex, serious and fatal cases in the last two waves will be higher.

It is unprecedented for three large-scale epidemics to occur in a year. To some extent, the antigenic drift of the virus is the reason why it keeps recurring every year, and an antigenic virus variant appears about every 2 ~ 3 years. If there is no drift characteristic, once the immunity of human/livestock reaches the critical threshold, the influenza virus may disappear, and under this critical threshold, the further spread of the virus is limited. For decades, people have been speculating about the time and space between influenza pandemics. In addition to human/livestock immune restrictions, the factors of virus transmission include low ambient temperature, nasal cavity temperature (which is beneficial to heat-labile viruses, such as influenza), suitable humidity, indoor congestion and poor ventilation.
However, none of the above factors can explain the three waves of epidemic in 1918-1919, which occurred in spring and summer, summer and autumn and winter respectively. The first two waves occur at the time of unfavorable influenza transmission every year; The second wave broke out in the northern hemisphere/southern hemisphere from September to November; In addition, the period between epidemic tides is so short that it is almost impossible to detect in some areas. It is difficult for epidemiology to explain the sharp decline of cases between the first wave and the second wave, and the sharp rise of cases between the second wave and the third wave. Even assuming that the acquired immunity after infection is short-lived, there are too few susceptible people to maintain the spread at one point. How can a new explosive pandemic be triggered in a few weeks? Will the virus mutate completely at the same time in almost a short time around the world?
However, according to scientific experience, it takes several years for influenza virus to spread globally, not just a few weeks. Moreover, even the mutant that has drifted will take several months to spread around the world. Other influenza pandemics have not been reported continuously within one year. For example, the 1889 flu began in the late spring of 1889, and it took several months to spread around the world, reaching its peak in northern Europe and the United States in late 1889 or early 1890; The second recurrence occurred in late spring of 1891 (one year late) and the third in early 1892. Like the 1918 flu, more people died when the second epidemic wave recurred, but the spread time of the three epidemics in 1889-1892 was more than three years, while the spread time of the successive epidemics in 1918-1919 was compressed to August-September.The ability of the 1918 influenza to rapidly develop a continuous pandemic is still unknown. Because the autopsy materials we identified only came from the second wave of 1918 influenza, it is inconclusive whether the first wave or the third wave also came from the same virus or mutant. The experimental data show that the second wave of infected people may have obtained immune protection during the third wave of epidemic, but the data is not enough to support whether the second/third wave of infected people obtained immune protection from the first wave of epidemic, nor can they answer the question whether the three waves of epidemic came from the same virus or mutant. Only by getting the RNA positive samples of infected people before 1918 and the three waves of epidemic in 1918 can we answer this question.

4. Did the 1918 virus host come from animals?

The data of 1918 virus gene sequence shows that the whole genome may be new to human beings in 1918 or not long ago. It was not produced by recombining one or more new genes from previous viruses (unlike the 1957 or 1968 epidemic). On the contrary, the 1918 virus seems to be derived from an unknown source of avian influenza virus (eight gene fragments are different from the current avian influenza genes). The gene sequence of influenza virus collected from wild bird specimens around 1918 is not much different from that of today’s avian influenza virus, which indicates that even for a long time, the antigenic changes of avian influenza virus may hardly occur in natural reservoir.

For example, the sequence of 1918 nucleoprotein (NP) gene is similar to the virus in wild birds in amino acid level, but it is very different in nucleotide level, which indicates that the source of 1918 nucleoprotein is far from the virus nucleoprotein in wild birds at present. One way to check the evolutionary distance of genes is to compare the ratio of synonymous nucleotides to non-synonymous nucleotides. Synonymous substitution means that the nucleotide change in the sequence will not lead to amino acid substitution; Non-synonymous substitution means that nucleotide changes will lead to amino acid substitution. Generally speaking, viruses under immune drift pressure or adapting to new hosts show a larger proportion of non-synonymous mutations, while viruses under minimal pressure mainly accumulate synonymous substitutions, which are considered to reflect the evolutionary distance.

Because the 1918 influenza virus gene fragments known from wild birds have more synonymous substitutions than expected, they are unlikely to come directly from viruses similar to avian influenza virus. One of them is particularly obvious. When people check the 4-fold degenerate codons (a subset of synonymous substitutions), they find that the third codon can replace any of the 4 nucleotides without changing the amino acids. At the same time, although the 1918 virus has been adapted to the intermediate host of human/pig for many years, the amino acid level of its sequence is still very small compared with that of wild birds. One possible explanation is that these abnormal gene fragments were obtained from an unidentified influenza virus database.All these findings lead to a question: Where did the 1918 virus come from?

Contrary to the 1918 virus, the gene fragments of the recombinant viruses of 1957 and 1968 influenza were from Eurasian avian influenza virus. Both human viruses are produced by the same mechanism: it is the recombination of Eurasian avian influenza virus and the previously popular human H1N1 virus. To prove the origin of the 1918 virus, samples more similar to the 1918 virus sequence are needed: samples before the 1918 virus epidemic and wild epidemic samples.

5. What is the biological basis of the pathogenicity of the 1918 virus?

Single gene sequence analysis can not provide the cause of pathogenicity of 1918 virus. Through a series of in vitro/animal model experiments, the researchers tried to model the virulence of the virus constructed by reverse gene.

Influenza virus infection requires HA protein to bind to sialic acid receptors on the surface of host cells.However, the configuration of HA receptor binding site of influenza virus suitable for avian infection is different from that of influenza virus suitable for human infection. Avian influenza virus preferentially binds sialic acid receptor with α(2-3) linked sugar; Human influenza virus is considered to preferentially use α(2-6) linked sugar. This avian receptor configuration can be transformed into infection only by changing one amino acid, while the HA protein of five sequenced 1918 viruses has this change, which is probably a key step to adapt to human hosts. There is also a second possibility that three of the five sequenced 1918 viruses have another change in their HA sequence that enhances the binding of human receptors.

This means that at least two H1N1 receptor-binding mutants spread in 1918: one shows high affinity with human receptor and the other shows mixed high affinity with avian/human receptor. But there is no geographical or chronological indication that one of the variants is the precursor of the other.Did these viruses have the same transmission ability in 1918, did they have the same replication pattern in the respiratory tree, and did they spread the same virus in the first and third epidemics? Are unknown.

In a series of in vivo experiments, recombinant genes containing gene fragments 1 and 5 of 1918 virus have been produced. These recombinants with 1918 HA/NA showed high pathogenicity in mice. In addition, the microarray analysis of gene expression in lung tissue of these mice showed that cell apoptosis, tissue damage and oxidation were all related to the expression of such genes. These findings are unexpected, because the virus with 1918 gene has not adapted to mice; The control group (mice infected with other modern human viruses) showed little pathogenicity and virus replication. Mice infected with 1918 HA/NA recombinant showed necrosis of bronchial and alveolar epithelium and obvious inflammatory infiltration in their lungs, which indicated that 1918 HA (and possibly NA) contained pathogenic factors for mice. It is not clear whether the pathogenicity of mice can effectively simulate the pathogenicity of humans, and the potential role of other 1918 single or combined proteins is not clear. The researchers plan to further draw the genetic basis of the toxicity of the 1918 virus on other animal models. These experiments may help to determine the pathogenic components of the 1918 virus, but it is impossible to determine whether it is the main factor in the death pattern of the 1918 influenza.

Why did the 1918 virus kill so many healthy young people?

From the historical experience, the flu death curve by age has been U-shaped for at least 150 years (Figure 2), which shows the peak of death in childhood and old age, and the death rate in the middle age group is lower. On the contrary, the 1918 flu showed a unique pattern, a "W-shaped" curve that had never been recorded, and there was another death peak among people aged about 20-40.During 1918-1919, the mortality rate of people aged 15-34 suffering from influenza and pneumonia was more than 20 times higher than in previous years. Nearly half of the 1918 flu deaths came from people aged 20-40, which was unique to the 1918 flu.

Another unique point is that the mortality rate of people under 65 years old is much higher than that of people over 65 years old, and it accounts for 99% of the flu deaths in 1918. In comparison, the mortality rate of people under 65 years old accounted for 36% of the 1957 H2N2 influenza and 48% of the 1968 H3N2 influenza.

　

Figure 2 Mortality rate of influenza and pneumonia per 100,000 population of all ages in the United States from 1911 to 1918.

Further dividing the influenza mortality curve by age, we can clearly see that the prevalence rate of people under 35 years old is very high (Figure 3-a), but there is still a W-shaped death peak among young people, which is obviously different from the U-shaped curve of influenza in 1928-1929 (Figure 3-c). The same 1918 flu, the prevalence rate of 5 ~ 14 years old is also high, but the mortality rate is much lower (Figure 3-a/b). In order to explain this model, we must jump out of the host and environmental factors and look further, which may include immunopathological factors (such as increased antibody-dependent infection associated with virus exposure) and other risk factors (such as concurrent infection, drugs used and environmental factors). See figure 3.

Fig. 3 Community survey results of American public health institutions in 8 states in 1918.
Note: Figures A, B and C show the prevalence rate, mortality rate and mortality rate of influenza and pneumonia in different age groups respectively.

There is a theory that can partially explain these findings. The 1918 virus is highly toxic, but for patients born before 1889, that is, people who are over 35 years old and have been exposed to the virus at that time, they have obtained partial immune protection against the 1918 virus. But there is a paradox in this theory: this nameless virus precursor must have appeared before 1889, and then reappeared 30 years later, but no trace has been found today.

Epidemiological data collected from 1900 to 1918 provided good evidence for the emergence of a new antigenic virus in 1918. It shows that from 1900 to 1917, the age group of 5 to 15 years old accounted for 11% of the total number of influenza cases, while the age group over 65 years old accounted for 6% of the total number of influenza cases. However, in 1918, the age group of 5-15 years jumped to 25% of the total number of influenza cases, while the age group over 65 years accounted for only 0.6% of the total number of influenza cases. This is consistent with the results of protective immunity obtained by previous exposure to the same or related viruses, and the mortality data is also consistent. In 1918, the number of deaths from influenza and pneumonia in the age group over 75 was less than that in 1911-1917 before the pandemic. At the other end of the age group (Figure 2), the infant mortality rate in 1918 was similar to other pandemic patterns.

Will the 1918 flu reappear? If so, what should I do?

As far as the course of disease and pathology are concerned, the 1918 influenza pandemic is different from the historical pandemic only in degree, not in species.Despite the large number of deaths worldwide, most infected people (> 95% from industrialized countries) are mild, which is not much different from today’s influenza. In addition, the experimental results of recombinant influenza virus containing 1918 virus gene show that 1918 virus and 1918-like virus are as sensitive to the anti-influenza drugs rimantadine and oseltamivir (approved by FDA) as other typical influenza viruses.

However, the 1918 flu has some characteristics of its own: in particular, the mortality rate is 5 ~ 20 times higher than expected. From the clinical and pathological point of view, these high mortality rates seem to be caused by many factors, including a higher proportion of severe respiratory infections (organ failure not caused by influenza); In addition, death cases are concentrated in an unusually young age group; Finally, in 1918, three influenza epidemics appeared one after another at an unusually rapid speed. Each feature may reflect the genetic characteristics of the 1918 virus, but to understand them, it is necessary to check the host and environment.

Until we can’t determine which factors lead to the influenza pandemic and high mortality rate, these can only be guesses. We can only come to the conclusion that since it has happened before, similar conditions may lead to the same serious pandemic.

Like the virus in 1918, H5N1 is an avian virus, although it is a distant relative. The reasons for the evolutionary path of the 1918 pandemic are completely unknown, but it seems to be different from the current H5N1 situation in many aspects. No matter the 1918 pandemic or any other infectious disease pandemic, there is no historical data showing the existence of a pandemic "precursor virus", which led to the outbreak of highly pathogenic infection in poultry; There is no historical data to prove that highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, including other virus subtypes such as H5N1, can cause human epidemics, let alone pandemics.

Effective human-to-human transmission is the main prerequisite for the emergence of pandemic.Although the adaptation of influenza viruses to human cells (such as receptor binding) has begun to be understood at the molecular level, how various influenza viruses adapt to humans is not completely clear at present. In 1918, the virus acquired the characteristics of adapting to human beings, but at present, we have no way to know whether the H5N1 virus will acquire the ability of human-to-human transmission in a parallel process. Although the data about the 1918 virus has increased geometrically in the past ten years, we don’t know much more about the 2006 influenza pandemic than about the risk of the 1976 H1N1 "swine flu" epidemic.

Even with modern antiviral drugs, vaccines, and knowledge of infectious disease prevention, if there is another virus like 1918, it may still kill more than 100 million people all over the world. An outbreak of a pandemic virus with high pathogenicity potential, such as the recent H5N1 virus, may cause more deaths.

No matter the virus, host or environmental factors, the virus of the first wave in 1918 had nothing to do with the abnormal pathogenicity of the second and third waves. And more, identify the virulence models of the first wave of influenza RNA positive cases from different gene sequences; Identification of human influenza RNA samples before 1918 is helpful to understand the time when the 1918 virus appeared; The observation and sequencing of a large number of animal influenza viruses will help us to understand the genetic basis of adapting to the host and the natural reservoir range of influenza. Generally speaking, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the 1918 influenza from the aspects of history, epidemiology and biology in order to answer many unsolved mysteries.

Acknowledgement:This article was reviewed by Dr. Zhu Xun, a famous immunologist and an expert of the former National New Drug Advisory Committee. I sincerely thank Mr. Zhu for his careful guidance!

Translation: Shi Junxin　

Editor: Ginger

　　BEIJING, April 24 (Xinhua) On the morning of the 24th, the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council held a regular press conference. Spokesperson Ma Guang Xiao answered reporters’ questions on the recent 2020 election in Taiwan Province, Tsai Ing-Wen’s "Taiwan independence" remarks, cross-strait exchanges, and the draft amendment to the Regulations on People’s Relations across the Taiwan Strait. Ma Xiaoguang said that the mainland has never intervened in the elections in Taiwan Province, and the Democratic Progressive Party authorities have constantly obstructed and restricted the exchanges and contacts between compatriots on both sides of the strait, suppressed the voice calling for cross-strait reunification, raised cross-strait opposition, and exposed its true features of seeking one-party interests and seeking "Taiwan independence".

　　Profile photo: Guo Taiming, chairman of Taiwan Province Hon Hai Group, decided to participate in the primary election of 2020. Zhongxin.com reporter Li Junshe

　　[Talking about the 2020 election: the statement of "mainland intervention" is sheer nonsense]

　　Tsai Ing-Wen said a few days ago that in the "general election" in 2020, Kuomintang candidates appeared in South Korea’s Yu and Guo Taiming successively. She did not believe that the mainland did not intervene. Ma Xiaoguang said that we have emphasized many times that we have never been involved in elections in Taiwan Province. Democratic Progressive Party authorities are used to spreading slanderous words and spreading rumors to discredit the mainland. The question of Taiwan Province is an internal affair of China, and no external interference is allowed. The so-called "mainland intervention" is sheer nonsense with ulterior motives.

　　[Criticism of Tsai Ing-Wen’s "Taiwan independence" remarks: undermining the peaceful development of the two sides of the strait]

　　In an interview a few days ago, Tsai Ing-Wen declared that he did not accept the "1992 Consensus" and insisted on the so-called "sovereign independence", saying that "maintaining the status quo" means maintaining the so-called "independence" status quo. Ma Xiaoguang pointed out that the remarks made by the leader of the Democratic Progressive Party authorities were unsolicited, exposing a political plot to overthrow the common political foundation of the "1992 Consensus" and undermine the peaceful development of cross-strait relations, and fully demonstrating that the Democratic Progressive Party authorities are the makers of cross-strait conflicts, the saboteurs of peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait and the injurers of the interests of the people in Taiwan Province.

　　In addition, Li Yi, a mainland American scholar who was invited to visit Taiwan, was expelled from the country by the Taiwan authorities a few days ago. Tsai Ing-Wen said, "If people from mainland China come to Taiwan to promote &lsquo; One country, two systems &rsquo; 、&lsquo; Unification by force &rsquo; Wait, control measures should be taken to refuse entry when necessary. " Ma Xiaoguang said that for some time, the Democratic Progressive Party authorities have constantly obstructed and restricted the exchanges and contacts between compatriots on both sides of the strait, suppressed the voice calling for reunification on both sides of the strait, raised cross-strait opposition, and exposed their true colors of seeking one-party interests and "Taiwan independence".

　　On April 14th, local time, South Korea Yu, Mayor of Kaohsiung, Taiwan Province, delivered a speech in Los Angeles, talking about his political career. China News Service reporter Zhang Yushe

　　[Comment on South Korea’s remarks on Yu’s visit to the United States: Cross-strait affairs should be discussed by family members]

　　South Korea Yu said during his visit to the United States a few days ago, "Taiwan Province &lsquo; National defense &rsquo; Relying on the United States, technology depends on Japan, and the market depends on the mainland. " In this regard, Ma Guang Xiao emphasized that compatriots on both sides of the strait are a family, and cross-strait affairs are the family affairs of compatriots on both sides of the strait, which should be handled by family members through consultation. I hope all Chinese people, including Taiwan Province compatriots, will conform to the historical trend, share the national justice, firmly hold the national destiny in their own hands, and create a bright future for the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　[On the Draft Amendment to the Regulations on Cross-Strait People’s Relations: Ruining the Future of Taiwan Province]

　　The "Draft Amendment to the Regulations on People’s Relations between the Two Sides of the Taiwan Strait" recently passed by Taiwan’s administrative authorities, in which it is proposed to add that "the signing of political agreements through cross-strait negotiations should be subject to double deliberation and referendum by the legislature" and stipulate that "it shall not be an item of agreement". Ma Xiaoguang pointed out that the Democratic Progressive Party authorities violated the common aspiration of compatriots on both sides of the strait for peace and development for the sake of one party and one self-interest. The peaceful development of cross-strait relations is the common aspiration and common interest of compatriots on both sides of the strait. Everything that is beneficial to the interests of compatriots on both sides of the strait and the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation should be vigorously promoted.

　　On April 17th, Chief Executive Chui Sai On (right) of the Macao Special Administrative Region met with James Soong, Chairman of the People First Party, at the government headquarters. The two sides exchanged views on deepening exchanges and cooperation between the two places and promoting Taiwan Province compatriots to participate in the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the future. China News Agency issued Zhong Xin photo

　　[The Taiwan authorities distorted James Soong’s delegation’s visit to Hong Kong and Macao: obstructing exchanges and cooperation]

　　A few days ago, James Soong, Chairman of the People First Party, led a delegation to visit Hong Kong and Macao to enter the Liaison Office of the two places and met with the directors of the Liaison Office of the two places respectively. The Mainland Affairs Council claimed that the mainland arranged this trip with the intention of "united front" and eliminating the so-called "sovereignty of Taiwan Province". Ma Xiaoguang pointed out that James Soong led a delegation to visit Hong Kong and Macao, and the heads of the Liaison Offices in Hong Kong and Macao met with him respectively, which was a normal exchange. Democratic Progressive Party authorities distorted and slandered, fully exposing their attempts to obstruct cross-strait exchanges and cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao and harm the interests and well-being of compatriots.

　　On September 13, 2018, Luo Tianhao, a Taiwan compatriot who worked in chengdu normal university for five years, took over the residence permit of Taiwan Province residents from the staff. China News Service reporter An Yuan photo

　　[Taiwan people’s residence permit in the mainland has not been declared or the practice of being punished by the Taiwan authorities is unpopular]

　　A few days ago, the Taiwan Province Affairs Council worked out to issue an administrative order in the second half of the year, stipulating that people who receive mainland residence permits must declare voluntarily, or they will be punished. Ma Xiaoguang said that the mainland issued residence permits to Taiwan Province compatriots in order to meet the needs of Taiwan Province compatriots, which was a good thing to benefit Taiwan and the people, and was also welcomed by the vast number of Taiwan Province compatriots. For the sake of one-party interests, the Democratic Progressive Party authorities are everywhere against the interests of our compatriots in Taiwan Province and sabotage the good deeds of our compatriots in Taiwan Province. This is unpopular and will not succeed.

　　[The mayor of Taixian County came to the mainland to communicate and meet the needs of the people]

　　Recently, many county mayors in Taiwan Province visited the mainland for exchanges. Ma Xiaoguang pointed out that the mayor of Taiwan county came to the mainland to meet the needs of the people. We are willing to continue exchanges and cooperation with Taiwanese counties and cities in various fields on the basis of adhering to the "1992 Consensus" to enhance the well-being of Taiwan Province compatriots.

　　[Encourage Taiwanese enterprises to invest in the mainland without discrimination]

　　Want Want Group, a Taiwan-funded enterprise, has issued a statement to refute the report that it has received high government subsidies in the mainland and tried to "smear and discredit" the enterprise. Ma Xiaoguang said, over the years, we have encouraged and supported Taiwan-funded enterprises to invest and start businesses in the mainland, and taken active measures to provide them with various conveniences and equal treatment, so as to share the opportunities for development in the mainland and help them achieve greater and better development in the mainland. Our policy is inclusive, in accordance with laws and regulations, and all Taiwan Province enterprises are treated equally.

　　The 2019 China Beijing World Horticultural Exposition will be held in Yanqing, Beijing from April 29th to October 7th. China News Service reporter Hou Yushe

　　[Introduction to two activities: the Straits Forum is well prepared, and the Taiwan Province Garden of the World Expo has its own characteristics]

　　When introducing the situation of the 2019 Straits Forum, Ma Xiaoguang said that the 11th Straits Forum will be held in Fujian Province on June 15th, and will continue to focus on and serve grassroots people and youth groups. At present, all preparations are progressing smoothly. Taiwan Province compatriots are welcome to actively participate in this forum, and media friends on both sides of the strait are also welcome to report.

　　Regarding the 2019 China Beijing World Horticultural Exposition to be held in Yanqing District, Beijing on April 29th, Ma Xiaoguang said that at the invitation of the Beijing World Horticultural Exposition Bureau, Taiwan Province Garden covers an area of 2,000 square meters, which is divided into six landscape nodes: Xiangshan, Orchid, Time Road, Sun Moon Lake, farmland and mountain top. The garden is very attractive with Taiwan Province characteristics.