Bidding collusion, subcontracting … Jiangxi announced 10 illegal cases in the field of housing municipal engineering

  In order to further rectify and standardize the market order of housing construction and municipal infrastructure projects in Jiangxi Province, create an open, fair and just competitive environment in the construction market, promote the sustained and healthy development of the construction market in Jiangxi Province, and give full play to the warning and education role of typical cases, Jiangxi announced 10 typical cases of illegal and illegal bidding, affiliated subcontracting and illegal subcontracting in the field of housing municipal projects in this province.

  1. Four people, including Zhou, Guo Mobo, Liao and Guo Momiao, were affiliated with Shichang Construction Group Co., Ltd. and other 92 enterprises to bid for collusion.

  In March, 2020, the construction unit, Yin Luling Construction Investment Co., Ltd. of Jingkai District, Ji ‘an City, published the tender announcement of the project of industrial supporting service center in the eastern part of Jinggangshan Economic Development Zone on the public resource trading network of Ji ‘an City. Four people, including Zhou, Guo Mobo, Liao and Guo Momiao, take each company as 2— At the price of 30,000 yuan, 92 companies including Shichang Construction Group Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Sixth Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. and Yuxuan Jianye Group Co., Ltd. were invited to participate in the bidding of this project, and Shichang Construction Group Co., Ltd. won the bid with 141,981,819.66 yuan. After winning the bid, Liao sold the construction right of the project to Luo Mogen at 7% of the winning bid, that is, 9.8 million yuan. Among them, Zhou earned 7.25 million yuan, Liao earned 1.3 million yuan, Guo Momiao earned 750,000 yuan and Guo Mobo earned 500,000 yuan.

  Processing result:Ji ‘an County People’s Court ruled that four defendants, including Zhou, Guo Mobo, Liao and Guo Momiao, committed the crime of colluding in bidding, sentenced them to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from 8 months to 6 months in criminal detention, and fined them RMB 200,000. The illegal proceeds from the sale of the winning project of 9.8 million yuan and the introduction fee charged by Shichang Construction Group and other companies have been confiscated and turned over to the state treasury. Other enterprise courts have handled the case separately.

  2. Jiangxi Zhenghua Engineering Project Management Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Jiangxin Engineering Supervision Co., Ltd. and Jiangxi Construction Engineering Construction Supervision Co., Ltd. colluded in bidding cases for many times.

  From January 2018 to August 2019, Jiangxi Zhenghua Engineering Project Management Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Jiangxin Engineering Supervision Co., Ltd. and Jiangxi Construction Engineering Construction Supervision Co., Ltd. participated in the bidding of 27 projects, including the project supervision of Building 2 of China Energy Conservation International Center in Nanchang High-tech Zone. The machine code of their bidding documents is the same as the uploaded IP address, which is suspected of colluding with each other. On October 16, 2019, Nanchang Urban and Rural Construction Bureau filed a case against the above three units for alleged collusion in bidding. After investigation, there is collusion in the bidding of 12 projects participated by Jiangxi Zhenghua Engineering Project Management Co., Ltd.; There are collusive bidding behaviors in 21 projects participated by Jiangxi Jiangxin Engineering Supervision Co., Ltd.; There are collusive bidding behaviors in 27 projects participated by Jiangxi Construction Engineering Supervision Co., Ltd..

  Processing result:Nanchang Urban and Rural Construction Bureau cancelled the bidding qualifications of the above three companies to participate in the projects that must be tendered according to law within two years and made an announcement, and imposed a fine of RMB 192,896.88 on Jiangxi Construction Engineering Supervision Co., Ltd., a fine of RMB 17,633.34 on Xu Mouying, a person in charge directly responsible for the unit, a fine of RMB 980 yuan on Guo Mouping and a fine of RMB 600 yuan on Jiang Mouxi. A fine of RMB 118,376.48 was imposed on Jiangxi Jiangxin Engineering Supervision Co., Ltd., and a fine of RMB 11,761.31 was imposed on Zheng, the person in charge directly responsible for the unit; Jiangxi Zhenghua Engineering Project Management Group Co., Ltd. was fined 93,650.4 yuan, and Jiang Moxi, the person in charge directly responsible for the unit, was fined 9339.43 yuan. Another Jiang Moxi was sentenced to 6 months’ imprisonment and fined 50,000 yuan for the crime of colluding in bidding.

  3. Huacheng Boyuan Engineering Technology Group Co., Ltd. and Nanchang Urban Planning and Design Research Institute colluded in bidding for the new project of Nanchang Women and Children Social Service Center.

  In June 2019, when Huacheng Boyuan Engineering Technology Group Co., Ltd. and Nanchang Urban Planning and Design Research Institute participated in the bidding for the new engineering design project of Nanchang Women and Children Social Service Center, the sunshine analysis in the submitted bidding documents was similar and they were suspected of colluding with each other. On July 19, 2019, Nanchang Urban and Rural Construction Bureau filed a case against Huacheng Boyuan Engineering Technology Group Co., Ltd. and Nanchang Urban Planning and Design Research Institute for alleged collusion in bidding. After investigation, Huacheng Boyuan Engineering Technology Group Co., Ltd. and Nanchang Urban Planning and Design Research Institute entrusted the same person to prepare the bidding documents when they participated in the bidding for the new engineering design project of Nanchang Women and Children Social Service Center, which was regarded as collusion bidding.

  Processing result:Nanchang Urban and Rural Construction Bureau imposed a fine of RMB 23,843 on Huacheng Boyuan Engineering Technology Group Co., Ltd., a fine of RMB 2,384 on Song, the person directly in charge of the unit, a fine of RMB 23,843 on Nanchang Urban Planning and Design Research Institute and a fine of RMB 2,384 on Wei Motong, the person directly in charge of the unit.

  4. The consortium of China Railway Tunnel Bureau Group Co., Ltd. and Beijing Urban Construction Design and Development Group Co., Ltd. colluded with the consortium of Jiangxi Guo Xin Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. and Jiangxi Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd.

  On September 30th, 2020, in the evaluation of the qualification standard of the EPC project of Zhuangtang Middle School construction project in Fenyi County, the bid evaluation experts found that the names of the bidders on the cover of the qualification standard documents of the consortium of China Railway Tunnel Bureau Group Co., Ltd. and Beijing Urban Construction Design and Development Group Co., Ltd. were called the consortium of Jiangxi Guo Xin Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. and Jiangxi Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., another bidder. The Bid Evaluation Committee found that the two bidders were suspected of colluding in bidding, and the Fenyi County Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau filed an investigation according to law, and found that the two bidders had collusive bidding behavior.

  Processing result:The Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Fenyi County imposed a fine of RMB 1,092,500 on the consortium of China Railway Tunnel Bureau Group Co., Ltd. and Beijing Urban Construction Design and Development Group Co., Ltd. and the consortium of Jiangxi Guo Xin Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. and Jiangxi Construction Engineering Group Co., Ltd., and imposed a fine of RMB 54,625 on the persons in charge of China Railway Tunnel Bureau Group Co., Ltd. and Nie Moufeng of Jiangxi Guo Xin Construction Engineering Co., Ltd.

  V. Jiangxi Zhongqi Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. colluded with Jiangxi Jiutai Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Tenghan Construction Co., Ltd. and Jiangxi Yufa Construction Co., Ltd.

  On December 14th, 2020, during the evaluation of the Dingjiapeng renovation project in Xinyu City (the first bid section and the second bid section), it was found that Jiangxi Zhongqi Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. and Jiangxi Jiutai Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., Jiangxi Tenghan Construction Co., Ltd. and Jiangxi Yufa Construction Co., Ltd. had the same contents in the related quotation forms, such as the single project bidding price summary table, partial sub-projects, unit price measures project list and pricing table, and the comprehensive unit price sub-standard table, which were suspected of colluding with each other. Xinyu City Administration Bureau filed a case investigation according to law and found that the four enterprises had collusive bidding behavior.

  Processing result:Xinyu City Administration Bureau imposed a fine of RMB 873,850 on Jiangxi Zhongqi Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. and Jiangxi Jiutai Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. and a fine of RMB 473,450 on Jiangxi Tenghan Construction Co., Ltd. and Jiangxi Yufa Construction Co., Ltd. according to law.

  Six, the bid evaluation expert Xia Mou (former deputy stationmaster of Fuzhou Building Comprehensive Management Station) accepted bribes from many bidding companies.

  Xia Mou, the former bid evaluation expert (former deputy stationmaster of Fuzhou Building Comprehensive Management Station), accepted the request of Zeng Mouming, the business director of Jiangxi Ansha Engineering Supervision Cost Consulting Co., Ltd., to help his company win the bid in September 2017, and accepted Zeng Mouming’s 15,000 yuan; In August 2018, during the evaluation of the supervision bid of Yongfeng No.2 Middle School Project in Ji ‘an City, I accepted the request of Zeng Moming, the business director of Jiangxi Ansha Engineering Supervision Cost Consulting Co., Ltd., to help his company win the bid, and accepted 20,000 yuan from Zeng Moming; On November 1, 2018, when participating in the bid evaluation of Dongjie Mingzhu Construction Project in Guangfeng District, Shangrao City, Wu Mou Zhong, the head of Shangrao Company of Jiangxi Xinding Construction Consulting Co., Ltd., received 200,000 yuan, and provided assistance to Jiangxi Xinding Construction Consulting Co., Ltd. during the bid evaluation process. Because Xia illegally accepted 235,000 yuan from others in bid evaluation activities and sought benefits for others, the amount was huge, which constituted the crime of accepting bribes by non-state organs.

  In addition, in the second half of 2017, Xia received 86,000 yuan from Zeng Mouming, the business leader of Jiangxi Ansha Engineering Supervision Cost Consulting Co., Ltd., to provide assistance for the four engineering evaluation city quality engineering awards of Jinxi County Chengxi Ecological High-tech Industrial Park supervised by the company: Jingyi Road, Weier Road, Weisan Road and the student dormitory of the Municipal Sports School; In June, 2018, he received Feng Mou and RMB 120,000 from the production manager of Nanfeng County No.2 Waterworks Project to evaluate the "2018 Jiangxi Building Structure Demonstration Project Award" for the water supply project of Nanfeng County No.2 Waterworks (Chengdong Waterworks). In January 2019, he received 33,000 yuan from Lou Molin, the person in charge of woodworking subcontracting of Jinxi Grand Theatre construction project, to provide assistance for the evaluation of "2018 Jiangxi Architectural Structure Demonstration Project Award" for Jinxi Grand Theatre construction project. Xia took advantage of his position as deputy stationmaster of Fuzhou Building Comprehensive Management Station to illegally collect 239,000 yuan from others and seek benefits for others. The amount is huge, and his behavior constitutes a crime of accepting bribes.

  Processing result:Xia was convicted of accepting bribes and was sentenced to one year and ten months in prison and fined RMB 100,000.

  Seven, China Overseas Communications Construction Co., Ltd. in Jiujiang Bilingual School Phase II construction project to provide false performance bidding case.

  On April 18th, 2020, the second-phase construction project of Jiujiang Bilingual School was opened in Jiujiang Public Resources Trading Center, and 220 construction units participated in the bidding. Among them, the "Special Seal for the Record of Tangshan Construction Project Bidding Office" in the performance materials provided by China Overseas Communications Construction Co., Ltd. was fraudulent, and it was entrusted by the Balihu Branch of Jiujiang Public Security Bureau to identify and issue a judicial appraisal opinion, and the seal was identified as a fake seal.

  Processing result:According to law, the Construction Environmental Protection Bureau of Jiujiang Economic and Technological Development Zone cancelled the bidding qualification of China Overseas Communications Construction Co., Ltd. to participate in the project subject to tender according to law within three years in Jiujiang Economic Development Zone, and imposed a fine of RMB 261,485.65.

  Eight, Zeng Molin, Yang Mougan, Liao Mogui and other three people affiliated with Jiangxi Taibei Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. participated in the bidding case of Qiushan Science Park municipal garden supporting project in Ganzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone.

  Jiangxi Taibei Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "Jiangxi Taibei Company") signed the Office Operation Agreement with Zeng Molin and Yang Mougan on March 31, 2020, and established Ganzhou Office. On December 7 and 14, 2020, the Housing and Construction Bureau of Ganzhou Economic Development Zone received a complaint report from the complainant Liao Mogui, reflecting that he contacted Yang Mougan, the operator of Ganzhou office of Jiangxi Taibei Company, on September 20, 2020, and issued a letter of introduction from Jiangxi Taibei Company to participate in the bidding for the municipal garden supporting project of Qiushan Science and Technology Park in Ganzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone, and paid the bid guarantee fee and letter of introduction fee (totaling 4,900.00 yuan) After winning the bid, Jiangxi Taibei Company refused to issue a power of attorney and sign an internal management contract to the complainant, and heard that Jiangxi Taibei Company had sold the project to others, so it submitted a complaint to the Housing and Construction Bureau of Ganzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone. It has been verified that Jiangxi Taibei Company has lent qualification certificates or otherwise allowed others to undertake projects in the name of the company. Zeng Molin, Yang Mougan, Liao Mogui and other three people have participated in the bidding of the project with the qualification of Jiangxi Taibei Company.

  Processing result:The Housing and Construction Bureau of Ganzhou Economic and Technological Development Zone cancelled the qualification of winning the bid of Jiangxi Taibei Company and imposed a fine of RMB 481,127.63. Liao Mogui, Yang Mougan and Zeng Molin were jointly fined RMB 192,451.05.

  9. Jiangxi Baohui Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. illegally subcontracted the decoration project of "Three Centers" in Shicheng County.

  In September 2018, Jiangxi Baohui Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. illegally subcontracted the renovation project of "Three Centers" in Shicheng County (Shicheng Footwear Testing Center, Shicheng Industrial Design Center and Shicheng Human Resources Service Center) to four people including Chen Mou Rong, Huang, Wu Mou and Huang Moujun. Will the footwear testing center 1— The fire protection project on the 6th floor was illegally subcontracted to unqualified Chen Mou Rong, with a total construction price of 800,000 yuan; The interior decoration and TV curtain wall decoration of the exhibition hall with a building area of about 1000 square meters were illegally subcontracted to unqualified Huang, with a total construction price of 2.243 million yuan; Will be a building area of about 4500 square meters of 5-mdash; The interior decoration project on the 6th floor was illegally subcontracted to unqualified Huang Moujun, with a total construction price of 5 million yuan; Will be a building area of about 8000 square meters of 1-mdash; The interior decoration of the 4th floor was illegally subcontracted to unqualified Wu Mou, with a total construction price of 9.1 million yuan. Jiangxi Baohui Construction Engineering Co., Ltd., as a project construction unit, illegally subcontracted the project to individuals for construction, which constituted illegal subcontracting.

  Processing result:Shicheng County Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau imposed an administrative penalty on Jiangxi Baohui Construction Engineering Co., Ltd. for illegal subcontracting according to law, and imposed a fine of RMB 102,858 on the company and RMB 6,171 on Xu Mouqing, the person in charge of the project.

  X. Pingxiang Anrui Construction Co., Ltd. illegally subcontracted 76 projects it undertook.

  From January 2018 to the end of June 2020, Pingxiang Anrui Construction Co., Ltd. illegally subcontracted 76 projects it contracted to other construction units or individuals by signing internal project economic responsibility contracts (agreements) with other construction enterprises and individuals, and charged management fees of 3,834,700 yuan according to the proportions of 12%, 15% and 20% of the contract amount, involving a project amount of 322,989,000 yuan.

  Processing result:The Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Anyuan District of Pingxiang City imposed an administrative penalty on Pingxiang Anrui Construction Co., Ltd., and turned over all the management fees illegally collected by the company to the finance, and imposed a fine of 2,583,900 yuan according to 0.8% of the project amount. (General Desk reporter Fan Cunbao Shi Kun)

Special planning | RTS life-and-death quality assurance and safety of power exchange

Quality Assurance and Power Exchange Safety Chapter

  In the investigation of power exchange, we can see that among the options that think the biggest problem of power exchange is what, 36.95% people choose the quality assurance problem as the most concerned issue. During the investigation and interview, it is generally believed that the battery replaced by your own car will be an old battery or a battery with signs of attenuation. It will affect the cruising range or cause vehicle damage. On the issues of quality assurance and power exchange safety, this paper makes an all-round analysis in the chapter of quality assurance and power exchange safety in "RTS for Power Exchange" specially planned by Sina Automobile.

Special planning | RTS life-and-death quality assurance and safety of power exchange

  The state has issued relevant testing and construction standards for batteries, charging piles and stations of new energy vehicles.

  The national testing standards for new energy electric vehicles include complete vehicles, parts, interfaces and facilities. The power batteries of new energy electric vehicles belong to the category of spare parts. For the testing of power batteries for new energy electric vehicles, the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine of China and the National Standardization Administration of China jointly issued six national standards on May 15th, 2015, which were fully implemented in 2016.

Special planning | RTS life-and-death quality assurance and safety of power exchange

  There is no clear policy on the specific index range of battery quality assurance and attenuation. The battery core, connection board and circuit board are basically agreed according to the warranty of the car company. For example, BYD is a lifetime battery warranty; Roewe guarantees the battery attenuation; Beiqi New Energy has a lifetime warranty for some models’ batteries, and the batteries enjoy a trade-in discount; Jianghuai, Emgrand and Changan guarantee the battery for at least five years; Qichen reduces the repurchase fee by 10,000 for every 10% attenuation of the battery; The 8-year warranty of imported brand Tesla’s battery components is unlimited mileage.

  However, there is no clear numerical value for reference. If consumers have doubts about the battery life of the purchased vehicle, the battery attenuation range will be decided by the manufacturer. A brand needs to test the battery in the store and form a report, and then the manufacturer will decide whether the vehicle is in normal attenuation, and the battery is divided into "normal attenuation" and "abnormal attenuation", and "normal attenuation" is not covered by the lifetime warranty.

  According to the fact that the battery is shared with the battery, the battery is not actually a private part. In fact, it also reduces the time for rapid battery decay. According to the charging requirements of the battery in the power exchange station, the battery is uniformly charged in the constant temperature and humidity environment of the power exchange station by alternating current slow charging, so that the service life is prolonged and the loss is low. Moreover, people, batteries and cars are safer because of the operation of special personnel and robots. The battery pack can be guaranteed for 600,000 kilometers. The direct charging mode of electric vehicles, especially fast charging, is difficult to achieve attenuation of less than 20% in 8 years and 150 thousand kilometers.

Special planning | RTS life-and-death quality assurance and safety of power exchange

  Many consumers are puzzled, will there be old batteries installed in their cars, which will reduce the cruising range or cause problems in the vehicles? In fact, this problem, the power station is more worried than consumers about battery problems, or the situation of old batteries. According to Wei Lai Li Bin’s explanation, after each battery with low battery capacity is replaced in the power station, the battery detection system of the power station will be started to judge the "survival" state of this battery, and whether to save and continue to use this battery is equivalent to a "physical examination" of the battery every time it is replaced. The system will "take off the shelf" the battery that is not suitable for loading into the car, which is convenient for future use as an energy-eating battery. In this process, BAIC New Energy is also in use. Therefore, the battery in the battery replacement can be more "healthy" than in your own car.  

  In terms of power supply, the Specification for Power Supply System of Electric Vehicle Charging and Replacing Power Station issued by State Grid Corporation in August 2017 clearly stated that when enterprises build high/low voltage charging and replacing power stations, they need to build according to the approved design specifications for power distribution and transformation, and do a good job in the installation and operation of protective devices and related power supply design requirements. According to the scale and application situation of charging and replacing power stations, the standards of different load levels are constructed. According to the requirements, there are seven power supply design standards, including power supply requirements, power quality indicators, safety requirements, power metering, power supply monitoring functions and signs.

  After consulting a large number of materials, it is found that there is only one technical specification for the construction of power exchange station, which is the Technical Specification for the Operation Management System of Intelligent Charging and Switching Service Network for Electric Vehicles Based on the Internet of Things issued by State Grid Corporation in 2011, and the development plan of electric vehicles, the development plan of charging service network for electric vehicles in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of State Grid Corporation, is also released. At that time, the commercial operation mode of "mainly replacing electricity, supplemented by plug-in, centralized charging and unified distribution" was put forward, and the operation management system of intelligent charging and replacing service network was developed in a unified way, and the demonstration operation of charging and replacing network and battery leasing pilot were carried out. Since then, the relevant departments have failed to issue other specifications and standards for the field of electric vehicle replacement with rapid technological innovation. Until May 2012, the Development Plan of Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles (2012-2020) issued by the State Council proposed to explore new energy vehicles, battery leasing, charging and replacing services and other business models, and encouraged the establishment of independent charging and replacing enterprises to gradually realize the marketization and socialization of the construction and management of charging and replacing facilities.

  This development plan will push the field of power exchange to the market-oriented experimental period, that is, during this period, in 2016, the electric bus founded Aodong New Energy and cooperated with BAIC New Energy to promote electric taxis. Up to now, Aodong has built 81 power exchange stations in Beijing. By the end of 2017, AUTO will build and operate 130-150 power stations nationwide, which can serve 13,000-15,000 electric vehicles.

Special planning | RTS life-and-death quality assurance and safety of power exchange

  By summing up and drawing lessons from the failure of international power exchange stations, domestic power exchange stations have improved a lot in technology, such as high-power connectors. In 2016, this technology was applied in the cooperation between Aodong New Energy and BAIC New Energy to promote the replacement of electric taxis. In the 81 power exchange stations built in Beijing, Aodong New Energy adopts the high-voltage electrical connection technology with plane spring coil to solve the problem of high-power connection and ensure the follow-up when the car bumps.

  Weilai is more advanced. In order to solve the subtle problems in power exchange and ensure the unification of each power exchange, Weilai has specially developed a power exchange system, which covers an area of only three parking spaces and can replace the battery of an ES8 in just three minutes. This system is highly technical and has more than 300 patents.

Special planning | RTS life-and-death quality assurance and safety of power exchange

  However, although the technology has been improved, the power station is still limited by the weather, or it cannot be replaced or has minor defects. In the few days when the author made an unannounced visit, he caught up with the heavy rain in Beijing. Due to the accumulated water, the gap between Weilai Power Station and the ground was very small, and it was easy to cause the accumulated water to flood in in the case of heavy rain. Although Beiqi New Energy’s power exchange station is relatively high off the ground, the vehicles washed by rain water enter the power exchange station with rain water, which is easy to cause the sensor to get wet, resulting in the robot arm not being able to accurately aim at the battery shell screws, and the power exchange failed in the interview. Finally, after the position is determined by the naked eye of the staff, it is replaced in place again.

Special planning | RTS life-and-death quality assurance and safety of power exchange

  Through analysis, we know that changing the power station can delay the battery decay time and greatly improve the battery life. In addition, through the relevant national codes and standards, the standards of power station construction are also being improved. As far as the former Better Place and Tesla power stations are concerned, the technical level of power station in China has reached the leading position. Looking at the whole power exchange industry from the perspective of the safety of power exchange stations, consumers can be completely at ease. In the next article of "RTS for Power Exchange" specially planned by Sina Auto, we will analyze the parts that need to be improved from the operation of the power exchange station.

Seize the opportunity of digital economy development and strengthen the resilience of supply chain in Asia-Pacific region

  Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, November 2 (Reporter Pan Jie) Faced with the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic, how can the upstream and downstream supply chains in different areas of APEC economies achieve cross-border coordination and promote economic recovery and growth? At the APEC Forum on Strengthening Supply Chain Resilience and Promoting Economic Recovery held on the 2nd, many guests believed that we should seize the development opportunities brought by the digital economy and strengthen cooperation in e-commerce and digital trade development, so as to improve the resilience and vitality of the industrial chain and promote economic recovery and growth.

  "The epidemic has made us pay more attention to digital transformation, and also let us see the important role of digitalization in promoting trade facilitation." Rebecca Maria, Executive Director of APEC Secretariat, said that APEC member governments are expected to further strengthen investment in digitalization and innovation, deepen exchanges and cooperation, further enhance the level of trade liberalization and facilitation, and promote the continuous strengthening of supply chain resilience.

  Lu Mei, a senior APEC official in China and deputy director of the International Economic Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China, believes that developing the digital economy is a key opportunity to grasp the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation. It is necessary to keep up with the development trend of digital economy and promote the digital transformation and upgrading of traditional enterprises; Comprehensively and balancedly implement the APEC Internet and digital economy roadmap, and strengthen the interconnection in the digital age; Strengthen digital capacity building, focus on cooperation among women, small and medium-sized enterprises and agriculture, and bridge the digital divide.

  "We are willing to work with APEC members to actively participate in issues consultation and economic and trade cooperation in frontier areas such as digital economy, big data and artificial intelligence under the guidance of the 2040 APEC Boutragaya Vision, tap the potential of innovation growth, improve the innovation rules and institutional environment, deepen innovation exchanges and cooperation, promote the sharing of research and development results, and stimulate market vitality and social creativity to a greater extent." Lin Nianxiu, deputy director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said.

  Zhang Shaogang, vice president of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, said that the business community is a constructive force to enhance the resilience of the industrial chain and promote the recovery and growth of the world economy. It should seize the development opportunity of the digital economy, encourage the development and cooperation of e-commerce and digital trade, strengthen the cooperation of digital platforms in the supply chain, and enhance the intelligence level of the industrial chain supply chain.

  The forum was hosted by the National Development and Reform Commission. Representatives of the APEC Secretariat and Economic Commission, government officials of member economies, representatives of embassies and consulates, experts and scholars, entrepreneurs and other Chinese and foreign guests conducted in-depth exchanges and discussions on topics such as "maintaining the stable operation of the supply chain, supporting free and open trade", "smoothing the cross-border circulation of people and goods, strengthening the supply chain security system" and "applying digital technology and green technology to enhance the resilience of the supply chain".

Promote the prosperity and development of digital trade

  Digital trade has broken the time and space restrictions of traditional trade, and has had a profound impact on the mode, structure and rules of global trade, and has become an important force leading the growth of global trade.

  Single-hole endoscopic surgery robots, driverless cars, live e-commerce figures, etc. attract many viewers to stop; Cambodian longan has expanded its sales by using China e-commerce channels; Ethiopian coffee beans are transported to China through overseas warehouses, processed and packaged into ear-hanging coffee, and then sold by the live broadcast platform … … At the second Global Digital Trade Expo held not long ago, some new formats and models of digital trade were eye-catching, showing the vigorous vitality of digital trade.

  When the Chairman of the Supreme Leader sent a congratulatory letter to the Second Global Digital Trade Expo, he pointed out: "At present, global digital trade is booming and has become a new bright spot in international trade." More than 800 domestic and foreign digital trading enterprises participated in this fair, and more than 100 "digital new products" made their debut, and 32 projects were signed on site, with a total contracted amount of 155.85 billion yuan. Digital Trade Fair is a national, international and professional exhibition with the theme of digital trade, which builds a platform for global digital trade cooperation and sharing digital trade dividends, and shows more possibilities brought by the development of digital economy.

  With the rapid development of digital technology, digital trade is becoming a new trend of international trade development and a new growth point in the future. In recent years, China has attached great importance to the development of digital trade and achieved good results, and its international popularity and influence in the field of digital trade have been continuously improved. According to the China Digital Trade Development Report 2022 released by the Ministry of Commerce, in 2022, the import and export volume of digitally deliverable services in China was US$ 372.71 billion, up 3.4% year-on-year, and the scale reached a new record high. The import and export volume of cross-border e-commerce reached 2.11 trillion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 9.8%. This shows that China’s digital trade has great development potential. Conforming to the development trend of digital economy, strengthening international cooperation and jointly promoting global digital trade exchange and digital economy development will not only help promote the high-quality development of China’s economy, but also inject new momentum into international economic and trade cooperation.

  Under the background of the accelerated evolution of the world in the past century and the counter-current of economic globalization, developing digital trade is of great significance for creating new possibilities of international trade and maintaining economic globalization. Digital trade has broken the time and space restrictions of traditional trade, and has had a profound impact on the mode, structure and rules of global trade, and has become an important force leading the growth of global trade. Online platform and digital technology enable service providers to directly face the global market, opening up new trade space. For example, Beijing relies on Zhongguancun Software Park National Digital Service Export Base to build a "digital trade port" and promote international cooperation in digital trade. China has a huge amount of data resources and rich application scenarios of digital trade, and the development of digital trade has unique advantages. It is necessary to further optimize the network layout, improve the level of digital governance, and promote the high-quality development of digital trade.

  We should also see that there are still some problems and challenges in the development of digital trade in China, such as the imperfect data infrastructure, the need to improve the rules system, the need to upgrade the open platform, and the need to improve the competitiveness of business entities. In the next step, we should focus on solving the problems in the field of digital trade and strengthen international open cooperation. Accelerate the construction of data infrastructure, promote the interconnection of international data infrastructure, actively meet the requirements of international economic and trade rules, and constantly improve the digital trade rules system, so as to create a good environment and provide strong support for the development of digital trade.

  Put on AR glasses to challenge virtual darts, you can play the piano without a teacher, and play with AI chess robot & HELIP; … After visiting the number trade fair, some people described it as "Guo ‘ Future ’ One day. " In the digital age, digital trade will play a greater role. Making full use of the global digital trade Expo platform, discussing cooperation, promoting development together and sharing achievements will certainly make digital trade a new engine for common development and inject new momentum into world economic growth.

Monthly economic observation: national vegetable prices keep seasonal downward trend.

  CCTV News:What new changes have taken place in vegetable prices since May?

  In Beijing Xinfadi Market, merchant Jin Hao told reporters that since May, with the centralized harvest of vegetables in many places across the country, the price of vegetables in the Beijing market has dropped significantly.

  According to merchants, recently, many vegetables have been converted from greenhouse to open field production, and the production cost has been further reduced, which has promoted the decline of vegetable prices.

  Statistics show that the weighted average price of vegetables in Beijing Xinfadi Market in May was 1.06 yuan per catty, down 10% from April and 7.8% from the same period last year. Nationally, in May, the national average wholesale price of 28 kinds of vegetables monitored by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs was 1.95 yuan per catty, down 12% from the previous month and 5.1% from the same period last year. In terms of varieties, the prices of 22 kinds of vegetables decreased month-on-month, among which Chinese cabbage, young garlic and green pepper decreased by more than 20% month-on-month. From the weekly price, they decreased for 14 consecutive weeks.

Notice of Guangdong Provincial People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Implementation Plan of the State Council’s Policy and Measures to Stabilize the Economy.

Guangdong Provincial People’s Government on Printing and Distributing the Implementation of Guangdong Province

The State Council has solidly stabilized the economic package of policies and measures.

Notice of implementation plan

Yue Fu [2022] No.51

People’s governments at the local and municipal levels, departments and institutions directly under the provincial government:

  The "Implementation Plan for Guangdong Province to Implement the State Council’s" Package of Policies and Measures to Firmly Stabilize the Economy "is hereby printed and distributed to you, please implement it carefully. Problems encountered in the implementation, please report to the Provincial Development and Reform Commission.

people’s government of guangdong province

May 31, 2022

  (This article has been deleted)

Guangdong Province implements the State Council’s "Solidly Stabilizing the Economy"

Implementation plan of a package of policy measures

  In order to thoroughly implement the important instructions of the Supreme Leader General Secretary on "the epidemic situation should be prevented, the economy should be stabilized, and the development should be safe", and promote the implementation of the State Council’s "A Package of Policies and Measures to Stabilize the Economy" in our province, the following implementation plan is formulated in combination with deepening the implementation of a series of policies and measures to stabilize the growth since the beginning of this year, and accelerating the greater policy effect.

  I. Fiscal policy

  (1) Further intensify the implementation of the VAT credit and tax refund policy.

  1. Strictly implement the tax refund policies for six industries, such as manufacturing, scientific research and technical services, electricity, heat, gas and water production and supply, software and information technology services, ecological protection and environmental management, civil aviation transportation, warehousing and postal services, to ensure that the stock tax allowance is fully refunded and the incremental tax allowance is fully refunded monthly. Take effective measures to speed up the process, and on the basis of taxpayers’ voluntary application, centralized refund of the remaining tax credits of micro-enterprises and small enterprises before June 30. Qualified medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises in manufacturing and other industries may apply to the competent tax authorities for a one-time refund of the stock tax allowance from the tax declaration period in May and June this year.

  2. Closely connect with enterprises in seven newly-added industries, such as wholesale and retail, agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, fishery, accommodation and catering, residents’ service, repair and other services, education, health and social work, culture, sports and entertainment, and implement the policy of full monthly incremental refund and one-time full refund of the remaining tax credits, and make good preparations in advance to ensure that they are put in place at the first time. Strengthen tax refund risk prevention and severely punish tax evasion and tax fraud according to law.

  (2) Accelerate the progress of fiscal expenditure.

  3. All localities and departments should speed up the progress of budget implementation, speed up the allocation of funds in charge, and speed up the payment of physical workload, which involves capital construction and government procurement, and should perform relevant procedures and do a good job in ensuring the relevant elements to ensure that funds can be spent once issued.

  4. Increase the vitality of clearing the carry-over balance funds. Except for emergency relief, factual settlement and other funds, the undistributed budget funds of the current year and the unused carry-over funds of the previous year before the end of September will be recovered for overall financial use. The balance of funds and carry-over funds that have not been used for two consecutive years will be cleared up and recovered in time. Can not be used according to the original purpose of the year to arrange funds, unified by the financial sector for recovery or adjustment for economic and social development in urgent need of support. Strengthen the management of the actual fund account of the unit, and clean up the stock funds and turn them over to the finance in strict accordance with the regulations.

  5. Strengthen the monitoring of treasury funds, do a good job in fund scheduling and strengthen the guarantee of treasury funds in combination with the needs of tax refund and project construction, and include the special funds to support tax refund in the direct scope to ensure that the tax refund funds are in place in time and in full.

  (3) Accelerate the issuance and use of local government special bonds and expand the scope of support.

  6. Accelerate the issuance of special bonds issued by the central government this year, and basically complete the issuance before the end of June. According to the requirement that this year’s special bonds are basically used up before the end of August, we will speed up the progress of special bond expenditures, and strive to start all the issued special bond projects before the end of June.

  7. Strengthen the penetrating monitoring of special bonds, distinguish the use of project tracking funds, report the use of special bond expenditures every month, schedule the progress of special bond projects every half month, and coordinate and solve problems encountered in project construction in a timely manner.

  8. For projects where it is difficult to continue the construction and implementation in the short term and other reasons, the idle funds will be adjusted according to procedures for other mature projects that meet the requirements.

  9. For cities with slow progress in the use of special debt expenditure, the actual expenditure amount will be recovered according to a certain proportion, and transferred to cities with good management and effective demand for remaining project funds across regions.

  10. Under the premise of compliance with laws and controllable risks, guide commercial banks to provide supporting financing support for qualified special bond project construction entities, and effectively link credit funds with special bond funds.

  11. Closely follow the national policy of appropriately expanding the field of special bond support, accelerate the planning and reserve of a number of special bond projects around new infrastructure, new energy projects, public services, renovation of old public facilities, consumption infrastructure and other fields, do the preliminary work of the project in advance, and do a good job in the declaration of project reserves in our province in time.

  (4) Make good use of government financing guarantees and other policies.

  12. Reduce the burden of financing guarantee fees for small and micro enterprises, and subsidize the financing guarantee business of small and micro enterprises with a single-family guarantee amount of less than 10 million yuan and an average annualized guarantee rate of less than or equal to 1% for the government financing guarantee institutions in Jiangmen, Huizhou, Zhaoqing and eastern Guangdong, western Guangdong and northern Guangdong.

  13. Optimize the compensation mechanism and fee reduction subsidy mechanism for financing re-guarantee. For the financing guarantee business of small and micro enterprises that the provincial financing re-guarantee institutions are included in the credit scope of the national financing guarantee fund this year, the actual compensation loss will be fully compensated, and the re-guarantee fee will be fully subsidized.

  14. Reward and supplement the government financing guarantee institutions that cooperate with the national financing guarantee fund on a large scale, and support more cooperative financing guarantee institutions to focus on supporting small-scale agriculture.

  15. Improve the agricultural credit guarantee system, increase the capital of the provincial agricultural financing guarantee institutions by 200 million yuan, further amplify the effect of supporting agriculture, and increase the annualized guaranteed loan balance by 1 billion yuan. Strengthen the risk sharing and compensation mechanism of agricultural credit to ensure that the guarantee rate actually borne by the loan subject does not exceed 0.8%.

  16. Expand the coverage of export credit insurance, support more than 12,000 foreign trade enterprises throughout the year, expand industrial chain underwriting, deepen tripartite cooperation between banks and insurance companies, innovate policy financing products, and realize short-term insurance policy financing to increase credit coverage by more than 60 billion yuan.

  (V) Increase government procurement to support SMEs.

  17. Implement the government procurement policy to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, reasonably divide the procurement packages for government procurement projects according to the project characteristics, professional types and professional fields, actively expand consortium bidding and subcontracting of large enterprises, and lower the participation threshold of small and medium-sized enterprises.

  18. Strengthen the evaluation of government procurement projects of budget units at all levels, and reserve the procurement share for small and medium-sized enterprises: small procurement projects (goods and services procurement projects below 2 million yuan, engineering procurement projects below 4 million yuan) are all reserved for small and medium-sized enterprises in principle; For procurement projects exceeding the aforementioned amount, more than 40% of the procurement projects are reserved for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the proportion reserved for small and micro enterprises is not less than 70%.

  19. Implement national requirements and increase the price deduction ratio for small and micro enterprises from 6%-10% to 10%-20%. When reviewing procurement projects or procurement packages that have not clearly reserved shares, encourage small and micro enterprises to deduct the price or increase the price score according to the upper limit.

  (six) the implementation of social security fees deferred payment policy.

  20. To implement the requirements of national policies, under the premise of ensuring that all social insurance benefits are paid in full and on time, all small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households that have temporary difficulties in production and operation affected by the epidemic in eligible areas will be deferred in stages, and the deferral period will be implemented in stages until the end of this year.

  21. On the basis of the implementation of three policies of phased holdover of social insurance premiums for five poverty-stricken industries, such as catering, retail, tourism, civil aviation and highway, waterway and railway transportation, in accordance with the provisions of national policies, other poverty-stricken industries that have been severely affected by the epidemic, experienced difficulties in production and operation in a large area of the industry and are in line with the guidance of national industrial policies will be expanded to implement holdover policies, and the period of holdover of old-age insurance will be extended by stages to the end of this year.

  22. Implement social security payment subsidies for small and micro enterprises in manufacturing industry. This year, small and low-profit manufacturing enterprises registered and continuously operated in the province will be subsidized according to a certain proportion of the unit payment of basic old-age insurance premiums for enterprise employees. Subsidy funds that meet the requirements of the tax law are managed as non-taxable income, and are used by enterprises for social security contributions, employee benefits and other expenses.

  23. Simplify the handling process of social security fee holdover, clarify the identification standards for small and medium-sized enterprises and areas affected by the epidemic, implement the notification commitment system for applicable conditions such as production and operation difficulties, and promote the realization of holdover.

  (7) Increase the support for stabilizing posts.

  24. Optimize the implementation of the unemployment insurance return policy, and further increase the return ratio. Large enterprises will return 50% of the unemployment insurance premiums actually paid by enterprises and their employees last year, and small and medium-sized enterprises will return 90% of the unemployment insurance premiums actually paid by enterprises and their employees last year. Social organizations, foundations, social service agencies, law firms, accounting firms, and individual industrial and commercial households insured in the form of units shall refer to the implementation, and the policy implementation period is up to the end of this year. Large enterprises that have been returned by 30% before will make up the difference in time.

  25. Broaden the benefit range of unemployment insurance subsidies for staying in work, and expand the benefit range of one-time training subsidies for staying in work from small and medium-sized enterprises in areas with medium and high-risk epidemics to large enterprises, as well as enterprises in catering, retail, tourism, civil aviation and highway, waterway and railway transportation in areas without medium and high-risk epidemics. The implementation period is up to the end of this year.

  26. If an enterprise recruits college graduates in the graduation year, signs labor contracts and participates in unemployment insurance, it will issue a one-time job expansion subsidy according to the standard of 1,500 yuan per person, which will not be enjoyed repeatedly with the one-time employment subsidy. The funds will be charged from the unemployment insurance fund, and the implementation period will be up to the end of this year.

  Second, monetary and financial policies

  (eight) to encourage small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households, truck drivers loans and personal housing and consumer loans affected by the epidemic to implement deferred debt service.

  27. Guide commercial banks and other financial institutions to continue to negotiate independently with small and medium-sized enterprises (including small and medium-sized enterprise owners), individual industrial and commercial households, truck drivers, etc. according to the principle of marketization, and postpone the repayment of principal and interest for their loans, so as to make efforts to delay the repayment. In principle, the date of this round of repayment of principal and interest shall not exceed the end of this year.

  28. Docking and promoting the financial subsidiaries of central automobile enterprises and municipal automobile enterprises to play a leading and exemplary role, and giving a six-month extension of debt service support to commercial truck consumer loans issued before June 30 this year.

  29. For people who are hospitalized or isolated due to infection in COVID-19, who are isolated and observed by the epidemic or who have lost their sources of income, guide financial institutions to flexibly adjust the repayment plan by reasonably delaying the repayment time, extending the loan term and delaying the repayment of the principal.

  30. Insist on substantive risk judgment of deferred loans, and do not downgrade the loan risk classification solely due to epidemic factors, which will not affect the credit record and exempt the penalty interest.

  31. Optimize the financial services of local financial organizations to key industries, small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households affected by the epidemic. Encourage small loan companies to lower the loan interest rate, reduce the formalities fee, appropriately postpone or extend the loan, exempt the penalty interest and improve the loan renewal arrangement for enterprises and individuals that are greatly affected by the epidemic. Pawnshops are encouraged not to blindly deal with the overdue pawnbrokers who are greatly affected by the epidemic and cannot be redeemed or renewed in time, and to reduce the overdue penalty interest. For those pawnbrokers who have the demand for renewal, they can accept the renewal first, appropriately extend the period for pawnbrokers to pay the interest in the previous period and the comprehensive fee for renewal in the current period, and appropriately reduce the pawn fee rate. For leased enterprises that are greatly affected by the epidemic, financial leasing companies are encouraged to adjust their repayment plans and reduce rental interest and penalty interest. Commercial factoring companies are encouraged to appropriately reduce the financing interest rate, extend the factoring financing period and reduce the penalty interest for small and medium-sized enterprises that are greatly affected by the epidemic.

  (nine) increase the support of small and micro loans.

  32. Actively strive for the country to increase the amount of re-loans for supporting agriculture and supporting small businesses. We will implement the policy requirements of the state to double the amount and support ratio of universal micro-credit support tools this year, and better guide and support local corporate banks to issue universal micro-credit loans.

  33. The implementation of "first-time borrowers" loan discount subsidies, small and micro enterprises that applied for loans for the first time in local corporate financial institutions from April 1 to June 30 this year will be given a discount subsidy of not more than 1%, and the time limit for subsidies will be appropriately extended depending on the discount effect.

  34. Guide financial institutions and state-owned enterprises to support financing such as accounts receivable pledge of small and medium-sized enterprises. From January 1 this year to June 30, 2023, the core enterprises in the supply chain that meet the requirements to help small and medium-sized enterprises realize accounts receivable financing will be confirmed online through the accounts receivable financing service platform, and will be rewarded according to the amount that the annualized amount of accounts receivable financing does not exceed 1%. Establish a credit and bond financing docking mechanism to guide financial institutions to quickly respond to the financing needs of the core of the industrial chain and supporting enterprises. Promote core enterprises to issue supply chain bills to pay the accounts of upstream enterprises, and encourage financial institutions to provide supply chain accounts receivable financing services in accordance with laws and regulations. Encourage qualified cities to provide financing subsidies or incentives for core enterprises and financial institutions to carry out supply chain finance.

  35. Standardize and deepen the innovation of supply chain finance, actively play the role of provincial "small and medium-sized financing" and other supply chain platforms, strengthen data cooperation with "core" enterprises in the industrial chain, empower the credit of upstream and downstream SMEs based on real business data, facilitate the financing of SMEs, effectively shorten the account period of accounts receivable and prevent high-interest arbitrage.

  36. Encourage the development of credit insurance for accounts receivable of small and medium-sized enterprises, increase policy support, encourage qualified areas to give enterprise premium subsidies appropriately, and establish a risk sharing mechanism. Guide qualified insurance institutions to increase product innovation and help reduce the overdue pressure of accounts receivable of small and medium-sized enterprises. Guide the industry to intensify efforts to explore the cooperation between banks and insurance companies.

  37. Implement the financial innovation promotion plan for intellectual property rights, promote the mixed pledge of intellectual property rights and pledge financing in new areas such as layout design of integrated circuits and intellectual property rights of data, and raise more than 50 billion yuan during the year.

  38. Shorten the acceptance period of commercial bills in accordance with regulations and increase the support for rediscounting.

  39. We will continue to guide the financial system to reduce fees and make profits to the real economy. For local corporate financial institutions that issue small and micro loans, the central financial management department will give incentive funds at 2% of the incremental balance of small and micro loans.

  40. Urge financial institutions and local financial organizations to make interest rates and fees open and transparent, intensify law enforcement inspection, and resolutely investigate and deal with illegal charges by financial institutions and local financial organizations according to law. Continue to monitor the investment of funds released by financial institutions since 2021, and guide financial institutions to actively use the funds for RRR reduction to increase support for small and micro enterprises and private enterprises.

  (10) Continue to push the real loan interest rate down steadily.

  41. Give full play to the role of the market interest rate pricing self-discipline mechanism, and continuously release the reform efficiency of the loan market quotation rate (LPR) formation mechanism. Give play to the role of market-oriented adjustment mechanism of deposit interest rate, and guide financial institutions to transmit the effect of deposit interest rate decline to the loan side.

  (eleven) improve the efficiency of capital market financing.

  42. Relying on the information system of Guangdong capital market cultivation, increase the reserves of enterprises to be listed, formulate financing plans for domestic and overseas listing of enterprises in the province and industrial corporate bonds, and implement one-stop service for enterprises to issue bonds on the market.

  43. Encourage qualified platform enterprises to publicly offer shares and go public overseas according to laws and regulations. Encourage high-quality brokers in the province with subsidiaries in Hong Kong, such as GF Securities, to increase their services for listing in Hong Kong, and strengthen the professional guidance and in-depth cultivation of IPO enterprises in Hong Kong stocks.

  44. Continue to support and encourage financial institutions to issue financial bonds, and make good use of the green channels of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers", small and micro enterprises, green and dual-innovation financial bonds to provide financing support for enterprises in key areas. Support key enterprises greatly affected by the epidemic to use the "green channel" provided by China Association of Interbank Market Dealers and Inter-bank Market Clearing House Co., Ltd. to issue bonds. Support small and medium-sized enterprises on cross-border e-commerce platforms to raise funds from the bond market through standardized bills.

  45. Support Shenzhen Stock Exchange to build a trading platform for intellectual property rights and scientific and technological achievements, support Guangdong regional equity market to speed up the construction of "special board for scientific and technological innovation", "special board for specialization and special innovation" and "rural revitalization board", and build a centralized custody platform for unlisted securities and a comprehensive cultivation platform for enterprises to be listed.

  46. Accelerate the pilot of private equity fund share transfer.

  (twelve) increase financial institutions’ support for infrastructure construction and major projects.

  47. Support banking institutions to accurately connect 1570 key projects and 103 key projects in Guangdong Province and industrial gradient transfer projects in the Pearl River Delta, increase credit supply and flexibly innovate financial work without adding hidden debts.

  48. Under the premise of compliance with laws and regulations, support insurance funds to invest in major infrastructure construction and people’s livelihood projects such as transportation, energy, water conservancy and environmental protection through debt plans, equity plans and public offerings of REITs.

  Third, the policy of stabilizing investment and promoting consumption

  (thirteen) to accelerate the construction of provincial key projects.

  49. Set up a special class for parallel examination and approval of major provincial projects, sort out the list of key security projects according to the principle of starting work in the near future and forming physical workload as soon as possible, optimize the link and timing of project examination and approval, strengthen communication and coordination with national ministries and commissions, do a good job in coordination with the special headquarters of major provincial projects, strongly supervise the linkage between provinces and cities, and speed up and increase efficiency to carry out project examination and approval.

  50. Give full play to the overall coordination role of the special headquarters of major projects in six provinces, dynamically compile and adjust the list of key projects in the province every quarter, and implement "wall chart operations". Urge cities to refer to the practice of the province, establish and improve the headquarters of major construction projects in this city, and determine their respective key projects. Provincial key projects in accordance with the "projects under construction completed more than 120% of the investment plan throughout the year, and all planned new projects started before the end of the year" goal, to speed up the construction.

  51. Before the state approves the achievements of ecological protection red line in our province, if the construction project involves the occupation of ecological protection red line (land) and the unavoidable demonstration has been organized at the time of land pre-examination, the type of ecological protection red line occupied at the time of land approval remains unchanged and the area does not exceed 10% of the pre-examination occupied area, in principle, the unavoidable demonstration of ecological protection red line can no longer be carried out. The indicators of land use and forest use required for the construction of key projects in the province are coordinated and solved at the provincial level.

  52. Implement measures such as exempting construction projects from EIA procedures, informing commitment system for examination and approval, and simplifying the contents of EIA preparation according to laws and regulations; For construction projects that have the conditions to start construction and have the conditions to start construction as soon as possible, the EIA will be accepted first, and technical review will be organized, and the requirements will be approved after completion.

  (fourteen) to promote a number of proven water conservancy projects.

  53. This year, another batch of major water resources allocation, backbone flood control and disaster reduction, reinforcement of dangerous reservoirs, supporting the continuous construction of irrigation areas and water-saving renovation projects that have been included in the planning and are ripe will be started, so as to effectively improve water resources security and disaster prevention and reduction capabilities. Focus on promoting the construction of Guangdong water resources allocation project around Beibu Gulf and Guangdong water resources optimal allocation project as soon as possible, and strive to start construction of Mingxi Reservoir in Shenzhen before the end of this year. We will introduce the incentive and compensation policy for centralized water supply in rural areas, and promote the upgrading and transformation project of "three similarities and five transformations" in rural water supply.

  54. Accelerate the preliminary work of major water conservancy projects, such as the water supply integration project of the Pearl River, the Greater Bay Area dike consolidation and upgrading project, the upward movement of the Dongjiang water intake, the Xijiang Dawan water control project, the ecological control and guidance project of Sixianjiao and Tianhe Nanhua, the Pearl River Delta and estuary regulation project, the Leizhou Peninsula irrigation project and the Lighthouse Basin irrigation project, and speed up the project approval, so as to lay the foundation for the early start of construction.

  (fifteen) to accelerate the investment in transportation infrastructure.

  55. Improve the fast-track from Greater Bay Area to neighboring provinces and regions via Guangdong, West Guangdong and North Guangdong, speed up the construction of Guangzhou-Zhanjiang high-speed railway, Guangzhou-Shantou high-speed railway and shenyang-haikou expressway reconstruction and expansion project, and start the construction of Hezhan Railway and Ruimei Railway. Accelerate the construction of cross-river and sea-crossing projects such as the Shenzhen-China Passage, the Shiziyang Passage and the Huang Mao Sea Passage, speed up the preliminary work of the Lianhuashan Passage, and carry out the preliminary study of the Qiongzhou Strait Cross-sea Passage.

  56. Accelerate the construction of major airport projects such as the third phase expansion of Guangzhou Baiyun Airport, the third runway expansion of Shenzhen Airport, the reconstruction and expansion of Zhuhai Airport, and the reconstruction and expansion of Huizhou Airport, and step up the preparatory work for the Pearl River Delta hub (Guangzhou New Airport). We will promote the construction of specialized docks, deep-water berths and deep-water waterways in important port areas of coastal and inland ports, and promote the introduction of port-dredging railways in qualified ports.

  57. Accelerate the start of the whole line of Shenjiang high-speed railway and the construction of Zhuzhao high-speed railway, Guangfo ring road and other projects, promote the preliminary work of Guangzhou railway hub energy level upgrading project, Shenzhen hub Xili station, Guangzhou-Zhuhai (Macao) high-speed railway, Shenhui intercity and Guangfo-Jiangzhu intercity, support Guangzhou and Shenzhen to start a new round of urban rail transit construction planning and approval, and accelerate the construction of "Greater Bay Area on track". Construction of the inter-city railway in eastern Guangdong started in an all-round way. We will continue to speed up the upgrading of rural roads, rebuild 6,900 kilometers of rural roads and 420 dilapidated bridges annually, and implement 2,330 kilometers of rural road safety and life protection projects.

  (sixteen) according to local conditions to continue to promote the construction of urban underground utility tunnel.

  58. Work together to promote the construction of pipe corridors in the renovation of old urban pipe networks, actively develop trunk and branch pipe corridors in new urban areas according to functional requirements, rationally arrange pipe corridor systems, and coordinate the laying of various pipelines.

  59. Implement the entrance fee policy, take various measures to solve the problem of investment and financing obstruction, and promote the implementation of a number of qualified underground utility tunnel projects.

  (seventeen) to stabilize and expand private investment.

  60. Closely follow the preparation of national major infrastructure development plans, plan and reserve a number of major infrastructure projects in a targeted manner, and do in-depth and practical preparatory work. Solidly promote the pilot of high-quality development of infrastructure. Linking up and promoting the construction and implementation of 102 major Guangdong-related projects in the "14th Five-Year Plan", optimizing the examination and approval procedures for warehousing projects, increasing financial support, giving priority to the allocation of factor indicators, and encouraging and attracting more social capital to participate in major projects.

  61. Support tackling key basic products and technologies, give preference to consortia of large, medium and small enterprises in bidding projects of supply chain industry chain, and encourage private enterprises to give full play to their own advantages to participate in tackling key problems. Promote qualified enterprises in the province to actively declare "little giant" enterprises specializing in special innovation.

  62. Further intensify technological transformation, accelerate the technological transformation of 8,500 industrial enterprises, and add 1,500 industrial enterprises to digital transformation in the second quarter. Accelerate the construction of digital government, develop Xinchuang industry, and enhance the breadth and depth of the application of Xinchuang products and services in the daily office, business system and important infrastructure of party and government organs. Give further play to the role of Guangdong Innovation Industry Alliance, build a standard and unified innovation guarantee service system, build a whole chain innovation ecological release and supply-demand docking channel, and form a cluster scale effect.

  63. Encourage private investment to focus on urban infrastructure and participate in project construction in key areas through a comprehensive development model. Use investment subsidies, capital injection and other means to enhance the attractiveness of infrastructure projects to private investment. Regularly promote projects that are attractive to private capital. Support private investment projects to participate in the real estate investment trust funds (REITs) pilot projects in the infrastructure sector, and standardize and orderly promote government and social capital cooperation (PPP). Sort out and release a number of application scenarios and investment opportunities, and guide social capital to invest more in areas that are beneficial to the national economy and people’s livelihood.

  (eighteen) to promote the healthy development of platform economy.

  64. Formulate Compliance Guidelines for Operators of Platform Enterprises to promote enterprises to operate in compliance with laws and regulations, maintain market competition order, protect the legitimate rights and interests of small and medium-sized enterprises and consumers, and promote the healthy development of platform economy through fair competition.

  65. Give full play to the role of the platform economy in stabilizing employment, stabilize the development expectations of platform enterprises and their symbiotic small and medium-sized enterprises, and use the development of platform enterprises to drive small and medium-sized enterprises to bail out. Subsidize the e-commerce platform for small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households to reduce online store deposits, publicity and promotion services. Encourage e-commerce platforms to provide traffic support for SMEs and subsidize the cost of participating in online promotion activities.

  66. Guide platform enterprises to do a good job in the online and offline linkage of the "last mile" of epidemic prevention materials and important livelihood commodities in epidemic prevention and control, and include relevant platform enterprises in the white list of guarantee and supply enterprises. Encourage platform enterprises to accelerate technological breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, cloud computing, blockchain, operating systems, processors and other fields.

  (nineteen) steadily increase consumption in various fields such as automobiles and home appliances.

  67. Carry out the special action of automobile trade-in, and give a subsidy of 3,000-10,000 yuan/vehicle to those who scrap or transfer old cars with Guangdong license plates under their personal names, and at the same time buy new cars with trade-in promotion models in the province and put them on the license in the province. Encourage the purchase of new energy vehicles, and give 8,000 yuan/vehicle subsidy to individual consumers who purchase new energy vehicles within the scope of trade-in promotion models in the province before June 30 this year.

  68. Further optimize the management of car use, increase the car purchase indicators in Guangzhou and Shenzhen on the original basis, and no new measures to restrict car purchase shall be introduced in various places. We will fully implement the policy of removing the restrictions on the movement of used cars, and remove the restrictions on the movement of small non-operating used cars that meet the national five emission standards. The policy of "light vehicles that use the national five emission standards in the Pearl River Delta region can be moved to each other" will continue to be implemented after its expiration on June 30, 2023, and the regulations on the registration, filing and vehicle transaction registration of used car market entities will be improved. Support Guangzhou and Shenzhen to increase the turnover index of used cars and simplify the procedures and requirements for using the turnover index of used cars. Support Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Dongguan to carry out parallel import business of complete vehicles, and implement the national requirements on improving the environmental protection information disclosure system for parallel imported vehicles. Fully implement the support policy of reducing vehicle purchase tax for passenger cars below a certain displacement. Implement refined management of pickup trucks entering the city and study further relaxing the restrictions on pickup trucks entering the city.

  69. Full implementation of the national "one license for all" measures for small and micro non-operating passenger cars, the implementation of car licensing in the province directly by resident ID cards (except for cities that implement the incremental index control of passenger cars), and relaxation of the conditions for the floating population to buy cars in our province.

  70. Optimize the investment and construction operation mode of charging piles (stations) for new energy vehicles, improve the construction standards of charging infrastructure and parking facilities, and introduce local standards for the construction of urban parking facilities. If charging facilities are installed in existing parking spaces, planning, land use and construction permit procedures are exempted, and property service enterprises are urged to cooperate with the construction of charging facilities to gradually realize full coverage of charging facilities in all communities and operating parking lots. Accelerate the construction of charging piles (stations) in areas such as expressway service areas and passenger transport hubs. More than 20,000 public charging piles will be built this year, basically achieving 100% full coverage of charging facilities in expressway service areas in the province.

  71. Municipalities are encouraged to organize production and sales enterprises such as household appliances to launch activities to benefit the people and promote consumption, focusing on encouraging the promotion of green smart household appliances, smart phones and wearable devices, and promoting the upgrading of household appliances in our province. All localities have adopted the incentive policy that enterprises make more profits and the government supports them, formulated specific assessment methods and evaluation mechanisms, and increased support for related production and sales enterprises. The city that has achieved remarkable results in promoting consumption will be rewarded according to its sales performance.

  72. Encourage producers, traders and consumers to jointly promote consumption. Encourage home appliance manufacturers to carry out recycling target responsibility system actions, and guide financial institutions to improve their financial service capabilities to better meet the needs of consumption upgrading.

  73. Encourage all localities to issue consumer vouchers, Huimin vouchers, etc. for consumption in retail, catering, cultural tourism, accommodation and sports, and activate the consumer market. The province implements a reward and compensation policy for local consumption promotion actions. The province has set up a "prize invoice" fund of 30 million yuan to carry out "prize invoice" activities in the whole province according to the invoice amount around the fields of retail, catering, cultural tourism, accommodation and sports, so as to enhance the vitality of market consumption. The activity period is until the end of the year.

  Fourth, the policy of ensuring food and energy security

  (twenty) improve and perfect policies such as grain income security.

  74. Accelerate the payment of subsidies for the protection of cultivated land fertility, and timely issue the second batch of agricultural subsidies to make up for the decline in grain income caused by rising costs. We will introduce a policy of rewarding and subsidizing the rehabilitation of abandoned farmland to ensure stable grain production and increase production. Further strengthen the record management of grain purchase, do a good job in grain market purchase, and continue to deepen the cooperation between grain production and marketing. According to the market situation, start the implementation plan of the minimum purchase price in time, and implement the relevant policy requirements of the national minimum purchase price of rice.

  75. Do a good job in ensuring the supply of agricultural materials, strive for the country to increase the reserve and delivery of chemical fertilizers in our province, and actively cooperate with the import of potash fertilizer.

  (twenty-one) to promote the implementation of a number of energy projects.

  76. Support coal, gas and pumped storage power stations with a total of 8.88 million kilowatts of backbone power supply projects and 26 power grid projects will be completed and put into operation this year. This year, the installed power supply is 13 million kilowatts.

  77. Strive for state support to add a number of supportive and regulatory clean coal-fired power projects into the national power planning.

  78. Do a good job in the site acceptance and project owner allocation of newly-added provincial-administered sea areas, and promote the approval of offshore wind power projects as soon as possible. This year, the newly-added grid-connected installed capacity of offshore wind power exceeds 1 million kilowatts. Adhere to both centralized and distributed development and accelerate the construction of a number of photovoltaic power generation projects. Accelerate the power generation projects such as China Resources Xijiang, Zhanjiang Jingxin and Dongguan Hong Mei. Promote the second phase of Meizhou pumped storage project to start as soon as possible; Accelerate the preliminary work of four pumped storage projects in Zhaoqing, Shanwei, Yunfu and Huizhou, and promote nuclear power construction in a safe and orderly manner.

  (twenty-two) to improve the capacity and level of coal reserves.

  79. Pay close attention to signing and implementing coal supply contracts to ensure the supply of coal through multiple channels. Implement local reserve responsibilities, establish a mechanism for the use of coal reserves, and strengthen the transportation capacity guarantee that is compatible with coal reserves.

  (twenty-three) to strengthen the reserve capacity of crude oil and other energy resources.

  80. Improve the gas storage service market, and establish and improve the natural gas storage system with the organic combination and complementary linkage of government reserves and enterprise reserves. Accelerate the construction of natural gas peak-shaving gas storage, and study and reserve a number of LNG gas storage projects in key consumption areas.

  81. Actively implement national and provincial oil reserves and promote corporate social responsibility reserves. Support the construction of commercial reserve bases.

  V. Policies for ensuring the stability of supply chain in industrial chain

  (twenty-four) to reduce the cost of water and electricity network for market players.

  82. Fully implement the policy of "non-stop supply of water, electricity and gas in arrears" for small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households affected by the epidemic, set up a six-month fee deferral period, and encourage cities to further extend it according to local conditions, and waive the overdue fine during the deferral period. Encourage qualified cities to implement the policy of subsidizing water, electricity and other expenses of small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households.

  83. Clean up and standardize the charges of industries such as urban water supply, power supply and gas supply, cancel unreasonable charges, standardize government pricing and operators’ price charges, and implement list management of retained charges.

  84. In line with national requirements, the average tariff of broadband and private lines for small and medium-sized enterprises will be reduced by another 10% this year.

  85. Fully implement letter of guarantee (insurance) instead of cash to pay the deposit for bidding, performance and project quality in the bidding field, and encourage tenderers to exempt bidders from bid guarantee for small and medium-sized enterprises.

  (twenty-five) to promote the phased reduction of housing rents in the main market.

  86. Implement the national housing rent reduction and exemption policy for small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households in the service industry. This year, small and micro enterprises in the service industry, small and micro enterprises in the manufacturing industry and individual industrial and commercial households in the county-level administrative areas (Dongguan City and Zhongshan City are located in the administrative areas of their towns and streets) that are listed as high-risk areas in the epidemic situation will be exempted from rent for six months, while other areas will be exempted from rent for three months.

  87. If the lessor waives the rent, it can waive the property tax and urban land use tax in the current year according to the regulations. If rent reduction affects the performance of state-owned enterprises and institutions, it shall be recognized according to the actual situation in the assessment. Encourage financial institutions to give preferential interest rate pledge loans and other support to lessors who reduce or exempt rents as needed.

  88. Non-state-owned houses can enjoy the same preferential policies as mentioned in the preceding paragraph. All localities can co-ordinate all kinds of funds and give appropriate assistance to small and micro enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households in the service industry that rent non-state-owned houses. Encourage non-state-owned housing rental entities to share the losses caused by the epidemic reasonably on the basis of equal consultation.

  89. Municipalities are encouraged to focus on the construction of standard factory buildings in industrial parks and industrial clusters, and to speed up the procedures of construction application and confirmation. Industrial property rights are registered and transferred by building and floor as the basic units according to regulations, and they are allowed to make mortgage loans by building and floor. Small and medium-sized enterprises that rent standard factories in industrial parks and industrial clusters will be given rent holdover or reduction support, and municipalities will give subsidies to the lessors of standard factories to reduce their rental income. Encourage state-owned technology enterprise incubation carriers and university science parks to implement preferential measures such as moderate rent reduction and exemption for small and micro start-ups and excellent teams. Encourage cities to combine their own reality and take more pragmatic measures to promote the reduction and exemption of housing rents in market entities.

  (twenty-six) to increase the relief support for civil aviation and other industries that are greatly affected by the epidemic.

  90. While making good use of special refinancing loans supported by the state for clean and efficient utilization of coal, transportation and logistics, scientific and technological innovation, and universal pension, we will increase the amount of emergency loans for civil aviation, and appropriately expand the scope of support according to national requirements to support aviation enterprises in difficulty to tide over the difficulties.

  91. Promote banking financial institutions to strengthen information sharing with local government departments, and strengthen comprehensive financial services such as credit and settlement for hub airports under the premise of controllable risks. Encourage banking financial institutions to increase credit support for airports and airlines in the province. Encourage qualified airports and airlines in the province to issue corporate credit bonds and broaden diversified financing channels. Provide convenient services for airports and airlines in the province seriously affected by the epidemic to register and issue debt financing tools.

  92. Conditional cities shall, according to actual needs, co-ordinate transfer payments from higher authorities and local financial resources to support the development of airlines and airports with heavy epidemic prevention and control tasks, operational difficulties and large funding gaps.

  93. Increase support for the construction of civil aviation infrastructure projects in the province (preliminary work), and encourage qualified cities to give discount subsidies to loan funds for civil aviation infrastructure projects.

  94. Actively strive for central financial funds such as the Civil Aviation Development Fund, and focus on supporting civil aviation infrastructure construction, safety capacity building, operation of small and medium-sized airports, and route network expansion in the province.

  95. Strengthen the capacity building of epidemic prevention support for inbound flights, fully support airlines to resume international flights, and create conditions for facilitating personnel exchanges and foreign economic and trade exchanges and cooperation. Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai and other cities will introduce new passenger and freight route subsidy policies as soon as possible, and the cities that have promised to give route subsidies should allocate the subsidy funds in full and on time.

  96. Encourage port enterprises to reduce or exempt cargo storage fees in a specific period, encourage shipping companies to reduce or exempt container demurrage fees in a specific period, and advocate port-related enterprises to reduce or exempt logistics operation fees related to foreign trade import and export.

  97. Guide financial institutions to actively use the RRR cut funds to support industries affected by the epidemic, such as cultural tourism, catering and accommodation. Local authorities in charge of accommodation, catering, wholesale and retail, cultural tourism, civil aviation, highway, waterway and railway transportation put forward a list of bail-out enterprises, and reported it to local financial supervision departments for summary. Docking banks increased credit support and reasonably eased the financial pressure of enterprises through measures such as renewing loans and adjusting repayment arrangements.

  98. Guide financial institutions to strengthen information sharing with relevant management departments of the catering industry, and use data such as transaction flow, business premises lease and credit information held by relevant departments of small and medium-sized enterprises and individual industrial and commercial households to enhance risk pricing ability and issue more credit loans. Encourage qualified catering enterprises to issue corporate credit bonds and broaden diversified financing channels for catering enterprises.

  99. As a relief fund for cultural tourism enterprises, the provincial financial funds are mainly used to support cultural tourism enterprises such as key travel agencies, A-level tourist attractions, cultural and artistic troupes and performance venues in the province, as well as cultural tourism to promote consumption activities.

  (twenty-seven) optimize the policy of returning to work and reaching production.

  100. Strictly implement the epidemic prevention and control measures defined by the joint prevention and control mechanism of the State Council and the joint prevention and control mechanism of the province. Cities, counties, towns and villages should be consistent in the implementation standards and enforcement efforts, and shall not be enlarged and overweight at different levels without authorization. Low-risk places can’t restrict the flow of people at will, and places with epidemic situations can’t arbitrarily expand the scope to ban eating in restaurants and shut down production and business premises outside the "three areas".

  101. In high-risk areas of epidemic situation, it is necessary to establish and improve the "white list" system for key enterprises such as operation guarantee enterprises, epidemic prevention materials production enterprises, continuous production and operation enterprises, key enterprises in industrial chain and supply chain, key foreign trade enterprises and "specialized and innovative" small and medium-sized enterprises in accordance with national requirements, sum up and promote experiences and practices such as green channels in time, and refine the "white list" enterprise measures for practical services. Actively implement the linkage between provinces and departments and regional mutual recognition, and jointly promote the enterprises in the industrial chain supply chain to return to work and reach production.

  102. Actively guide all localities to implement territorial responsibilities, encourage qualified enterprises to carry out closed-loop production in the event of an epidemic, and ensure their stable production. In principle, it is not required to stop production. The government where the enterprise is located should give guidance on epidemic prevention and control, strengthen the services of returning employees, logistics support, upstream and downstream connection, and minimize the impact of the epidemic on the normal production and operation of the enterprise.

  103. Support industrial enterprises to increase production scheduling and improve capacity utilization efficiency on the premise of keeping the bottom line of epidemic prevention and control and safe production. Encourage large enterprises to bring small and medium-sized enterprises into the industrial chain and supply chain system through industrial ties, gathering and incubation, upstream and downstream support, division of labor and cooperation, and open application scenarios, and release product and service procurement plans to drive small and medium-sized enterprises to optimize production and operation and improve product quality.

  (twenty-eight) improve the traffic logistics policy.

  104. Completely cancel the epidemic prevention traffic restrictions on freight vehicles from areas with low epidemic risk, make efforts to break through the logistics bottleneck of manufacturing industry and speed up the turnover of finished goods inventory; It is not allowed to block or close highways, ordinary highways and waterway locks without authorization. It is strictly forbidden to isolate county and rural roads, and it is not allowed to shut down expressway service areas, ports and docks, railway stations and civil transport airports without authorization. It is strictly forbidden to restrict the normal flow of people in areas with low risk of epidemic situation.

  105. The vehicle passes for transportation of key materials in the epidemic-affected areas of industrial enterprises should be "applied for and issued" and "issued" to ensure the smooth logistics of key materials. For freight vehicles coming from or entering or leaving the city where the high-risk areas in the epidemic are located, the system of "taking, leaving and chasing" shall be implemented.

  106. Passenger and freight drivers, couriers and crew members go to free testing points in different places to carry out nucleic acid testing and antigen testing. The local government is regarded as a local resident and enjoys the same policy, and the required expenses are guaranteed by local finance.

  (twenty-nine) to increase overall support for logistics hubs and logistics enterprises.

  107. Actively strive for state support to build storage and transportation bases for bulk commodities such as coal, oil and gas, iron ore and grain in our province. Support Shenzhen to establish an offshore spot trading platform for agricultural products.

  108. Accelerate the construction of a national logistics hub and a backbone cold chain logistics base in our province. Promote the construction of emergency material reserve base. Guide and accelerate the development of multimodal transport integration and reduce the comprehensive freight cost.

  109. Further accelerate the construction of the supply chain system of agricultural products, improve the backbone network of agricultural products circulation, and accelerate the construction of the backbone network of cold chain logistics infrastructure for public agricultural products supply and marketing in Guangdong and the direct supply and distribution network for agricultural products with confidence.

  110. According to the national deployment, we will accelerate the construction of county-level commerce, and promote "one upward trend (agricultural products upward trend)" and "three downward trends (supply chain sinking, logistics distribution sinking, goods and services sinking)". Support the promotion of county circulation service network construction, build county collection and distribution centers, and lay out and build agricultural products Tiantou comprehensive service center. Encourage qualified cities to subsidize retail enterprises to expand the county market and sink quality goods and services.

  111. Actively fight for the special refinancing of national transportation and logistics, and promote the relevant enterprises in our province to be included in the white list and enjoy relevant funds and policy support. Support the financing of enterprises such as transportation and logistics, and increase the support of structural monetary policy tools to stabilize the supply chain.

  112. Support the construction of a number of small-scale refrigeration and fresh-keeping facilities in the main agricultural production areas and advantageous areas of characteristic agricultural products, and promote the construction of a number of cold chain distribution centers for production and marketing.

  (30) Accelerate major foreign investment projects and actively attract foreign investment.

  113. Accelerate the major foreign investment projects such as ExxonMobil Huizhou Ethylene Project, BASF (Guangdong) Integrated Base Project and China Shipping Shell Phase III, continuously carry out the "chain-length" investment promotion of 20 strategic industrial clusters, and institutionalize major investment promotion activities such as Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Global Investment Promotion Conference, Pearl River Delta and Guangdong, East and West Economic Cooperation and Exchange Conference. Plan to introduce a number of major foreign-funded projects, strive to be included in the special class of major national foreign-funded projects, and continue to follow up and provide good services.

  114. Fully implement the Catalogue of Industries Encouraged by Foreign Investment, and guide foreign investment to invest more in advanced manufacturing, scientific and technological innovation and other fields. Foreign-funded enterprises can go directly to the customs for relevant tax exemption and refund procedures based on the confirmation results of information on encouraged projects obtained from development, reform, commerce and other departments. Support foreign investors to set up high-tech R&D centers. For recognized foreign R&D centers, imported scientific and technological development supplies are exempted from import duties, import value-added tax and consumption tax.

  115. For foreign-funded R&D institutions identified as provincial-level new R&D institutions and postdoctoral workstations, as well as provincial-level enterprise technology center innovation platform construction projects that have passed the evaluation of foreign-funded R&D institutions, the provincial finance will give special funds in accordance with regulations. For the world’s top 500 enterprises and leading enterprises in the global industry, newly established foreign-funded R&D institutions with independent legal personality in Guangdong can be given key support in the form of "one project, one discussion".

  116. Further broaden the cross-border financing channels for enterprises, and support qualified high-tech and "specialized and innovative" enterprises to carry out pilot projects of foreign debt facilitation quotas.

  117. Give full play to the role of the through train mechanism of multinational corporations, and establish and improve the normal exchange mechanism with foreign business associations and foreign-funded enterprises in Guangdong. Actively connect with European, American, Japanese and Korean business associations and investment promotion institutions in China to organize a series of online and offline investment promotion activities.

  118. Study and improve the guidelines for epidemic prevention and control of key overseas personnel to facilitate foreign businessmen to come to Guangdong. Provide convenience for foreign employees and their families of foreign-funded enterprises stationed in Guangdong, global executives and professional technicians who carry out important business activities, and important overseas customers of foreign trade enterprises to come to China.

  VI. Policies to ensure basic livelihood

  (thirty-one) the implementation of housing provident fund phased support policy.

  119. Enterprises affected by the epidemic can apply for holdover of housing provident fund in accordance with regulations, and pay back after the expiration. During this period, the paid employees can normally withdraw and apply for housing provident fund loans, which is not affected by holdover.

  120 affected by the epidemic, the depositor can not repay the housing provident fund loan normally, not overdue, not as overdue records submitted to the credit department.

  121. According to the local rent level and reasonable rental area, all localities can increase the withdrawal amount of housing provident fund rental and support depositors to withdraw according to their needs.

  (thirty-two) improve the agricultural transfer population and rural labor employment and entrepreneurship support policies.

  122. Improve the incentive mechanism for the citizenization of the provincial financial and agricultural transfer population, and increase support for areas where the migrant agricultural transfer population across provinces and provinces has settled down. We will improve the mechanism that basic public services are linked to the permanent population and supplied by the permanent residence, so as to promote the non-permanent population to enjoy the same basic public services as the local registered population.

  123. New citizens who meet the requirements will be included in the scope of business guarantee loans. If new citizens are key groups that start their own businesses or start their own businesses within three years, they can apply for personal business guarantee loans with a maximum amount of 500,000 yuan. If the small and micro enterprises founded by new citizens meet the relevant conditions, they can apply for a guarantee loan of up to 5 million yuan for small and micro enterprises.

  124. According to the national spatial planning and the number of people who settled in cities in the previous year, the scale of new construction land in various cities and towns will be reasonably arranged. Improve the linkage mechanism between housing and land, effectively increase the supply of affordable rental housing, and accelerate the improvement of the urban housing security system.

  125. Broaden the local employment channels for rural laborers, hold the second Guangdong Rural Entrepreneurship Innovation Competition, build rural revitalization workshops according to local conditions, make good use of village-level public welfare posts, vigorously develop rural service industries, and encourage rural laborers to find employment locally and nearby. According to the national deployment, we will allocate 5% of the unemployment insurance fund balance to support vocational skills training, and further promote the three projects of "Cantonese cuisine master", "Guangdong mechanic" and "South Guangdong housekeeping" to improve the employment skills of workers and alleviate the structural labor shortage in enterprises.

  126. In the field of agricultural and rural infrastructure construction, we will promote the work-for-poverty program, and support high-standard farmland, rural human settlements improvement, ecological forestry, rural water supply and other projects to attract low-income groups to participate in the construction.

  (thirty-three) improve the social and people’s livelihood security measures.

  127. We will implement the linkage mechanism linking social assistance and security standards with rising prices, start eligible cities in time, and pay subsidies in full to ensure that low-income groups will not be affected by rising prices.

  128. Make good use of the relief subsidy funds allocated by the central and provincial governments, and distribute them in full and on time to the people who need help and assistance through the direct mechanism of financial funds. Reasonably raise the standard and expand the scope, improve the living assistance level of people in need, and include marginal families with minimum living guarantee and families with expenditure difficulties into the scope of social assistance. Carry out special actions to investigate and rescue special groups in difficult families, and improve the rescue management system and care service system.

  129. Co-ordinate relief resources, give precise subsidies according to the characteristics and needs of the recipients, cancel the restrictions on household registration and residence, and give temporary relief to people who have difficulties in their basic lives due to the epidemic from the place where the emergency occurred.

  130. Strengthen control in areas where local cluster epidemics occur, simultaneously promote epidemic prevention and control, and ensure the basic livelihood of the people, and do a good job in ensuring the supply and price stability of rice, flour, oil, vegetables, meat, eggs and milk. Strengthen the price monitoring of important materials for people’s livelihood. Encourage catering enterprises with good integrity to participate in catering services for the elderly. According to the principle of "guaranteed profit", all localities give appropriate support to the catering service for the elderly.

  131. Make overall plans for development and safety, carry out in-depth three-year operations of safety inspection and special rectification, solidly carry out the "two centralized management" of hazardous chemicals and gas safety and the special rectification of self-built houses, do a good job in the "100-day clearing operation" of the special rectification of safety production in industry and trade, systematically prevent and resolve safety risks in key industries such as road traffic, construction, hazardous chemicals, industry and trade, non-coal mines and gas, and continue to do a good job in three prevention work. We will implement a strong early warning, strong linkage and strong response mechanism, accelerate the construction of emergency rescue centers in the southeast region of the country, promote the construction of provincial aviation emergency rescue bases and provincial regional emergency rescue centers in an integrated manner, and continuously improve emergency rescue capabilities.

  VII. Job Requirements

  (1) Implementing territorial responsibility.Municipal governments should hold their ground and do their duty to implement it, combine local conditions, make greater efforts to implement the deployment requirements of the state and the province in the spirit of nailing nails, make efforts forward and moderately increase efforts to promote the implementation plan to be effective as soon as possible, and have greater policy effects on stabilizing the economy and helping enterprises bail out as soon as possible. It is necessary to increase publicity, raise awareness of policies to help enterprises bail out, promote the "precise push" and "free application and enjoyment" of policies to benefit enterprises and benefit the people, and help enterprises make full use of policies.

  (2) Strengthen guidance and coordination.The lead units in the province take overall responsibility for the implementation of the tasks led by them, and all the cooperating units cooperate closely in accordance with the division of responsibilities; In the near future, the lead units should pay close attention to the redeployment and implementation of the work in this field, strengthen the guidance on the implementation of the work in cities and counties, and coordinate and solve the problems encountered in a timely manner. Need to introduce supporting implementation rules, in principle, should be completed before the beginning of June this year.

  (3) Strengthen supervision and supervision.The provincial government supervision room should strengthen dynamic monitoring, comprehensively adopt the methods of "four noes and two straights" and unannounced visits to track and supervise the implementation of the work of various localities and departments, and promote the implementation of various policies and measures to the letter. Recently, it is necessary to carry out special inspections on the steady growth of relevant cities with reference to national practices and relevant provincial units, timely discover and reflect the problems encountered in the implementation of grassroots frontline, urge relevant departments to coordinate and support in a timely manner, and regularly report the implementation progress of the implementation plan to the provincial government.

Influenza enters the high season, and experts remind patients with symptoms to take antiviral treatment as soon as possible. No new strains of respiratory infectious diseases have been found in this c

  Original title: Influenza enters the high-risk season, and experts remind patients with symptoms to take antiviral treatment as soon as possible. No new strains of respiratory infectious diseases have been found in this city.

  The city has entered the flu season, slightly later than in previous years. On December 24th, Li Dong, chief physician of the Department of Infectious Diseases, Beijing You ‘an Hospital, introduced that the main prevalent strain at present is influenza A (H1N1), and most people with normal immune function can heal themselves. At present, no "new strains" of respiratory infectious diseases have been found. He reminded the public to pay attention to protection, vaccinate in time, and patients with symptoms should receive antiviral treatment as soon as possible.

  Old people and children are high-risk groups.

  November to March is the high season of influenza in northern China. The high incidence period in 2024 came late, and it began to gradually enter the popular season in December. The monitoring results show that the main strain of this epidemic is influenza A (H1N1).

  Li Dong once said that after the onset of influenza, respiratory symptoms such as fever, sore throat and cough often occur, as well as systemic symptoms such as headache and body aches. "Although the symptoms are more serious than other respiratory infections, influenza is a self-limiting disease. Most people with normal immune function can heal themselves, and the course of disease is generally 5 to 7 days."

  The elderly, infants, pregnant women, patients with basic diseases, obese people and other people with low immunity are high-risk people who are seriously ill after being infected with influenza virus. Li Dong once said: "Vulnerable people are more likely to cause pneumonia or related complications after infection, which may also cause fluctuations in the original basic diseases and increase the possibility of hospitalization." Early antiviral treatment can shorten the course of disease.

  Li Dong once said that antiviral drugs used to treat influenza have the best effect within 48 hours after symptoms appear. Using antiviral drugs as early as possible can shorten the course of disease and reduce the risk of serious illness and infection to people around. It is suggested that people who have been exposed to flu-like symptoms and those with severe high risk should be treated with antiviral therapy as soon as possible, and early detection, diagnosis and treatment should be carried out.

  Li Dong once reminded that oseltamivir can be used for prevention after unprotected close contact with influenza cases. Citizens can also keep antipyretic and analgesic drugs at home. But don’t repeat the medication. Be sure to read the instructions carefully and follow the doctor’s advice when taking medicine. Once the patient has a high fever, or symptoms such as severe cough, breathlessness, listlessness, etc., and still does not improve after 5 days of onset, complications and secondary infections may occur, so it is necessary to seek medical attention in time.

  "Sometimes clinicians will arrange antiviral treatment while some high-risk people have symptoms and wait for the test results. Please understand the doctor’s advice and actively cooperate with the treatment." Li Dong once said that influenza vaccination or early antiviral treatment can reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications after the diagnosis of influenza in the elderly and reduce the probability of hospitalization.

  Vulnerable people should be vaccinated every year.

  At about 13: 00 on December 24, in the fever clinic building of You ‘an Hospital, three patients with fever were waiting for treatment. A female patient reported that she had coughed for 3 days and had fever for 1 day. According to the test results, the attending doctor suggested that she stop taking antibiotics by herself. "The test results will be available before noon tomorrow, and you can check the results on the mobile phone. If it is positive, we will inform the medical advice by phone in time. "

  Li Dong once said that since the middle and late December, the number of influenza cases in this city has increased significantly, but it still declined compared with 2023 and the year before. At present, the patients with respiratory infectious diseases in outpatient and emergency departments are mainly influenza; Among the hospitalized patients, the patients over 60 years old are mostly influenza patients, and the patients over 60 years old are mostly rhinovirus and pneumonia patients. "The number of patients has increased, but the growth of critically ill inpatients is not obvious."

  He called on the public to be vaccinated in time, especially the vulnerable people should be vaccinated every year, and it is also necessary for people who have been infected with the flu to be vaccinated. Li Dong once said: "New Year’s Day and Spring Festival are approaching. As people visit relatives and friends and travel more, they may be exposed to more influenza strains. Vaccination will have a protective effect."

  Hot spot response

  Respiratory viruses can also cause dizziness.

  Some citizens have reported that a "new strain" with dizziness has appeared recently. Is it true?

  Li Dong once said that no new strains of respiratory infectious diseases have been found. Individuals infected with respiratory virus have different manifestations. Dizziness, headache, fatigue and muscle soreness are all common symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases. This is a systemic symptom caused by the virus spreading to various parts with blood circulation after a large number of copies, and it is also a self-protection mechanism after the immune system recognizes the virus.

  Protection suggestion

  Do a good job of home isolation after catching the flu.

  Li Dong once suggested that citizens should develop good hygiene habits such as washing hands frequently. Pay attention to cough etiquette; Wear masks scientifically, especially in high-risk places with poor air circulation and crowded people. After being infected with the flu, it is necessary to isolate at home, pay attention to opening windows and ventilation, and reduce contact with family members. When caring for patients, pay attention to keeping a distance and wearing a mask. (Sun Leqi)

Five departments issued "Guidelines for Enterprise Cancellation (revised in 2021)"

  According to the website of the General Administration of Market Supervision on the 29th, the General Administration of Market Supervision, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs and the State Administration of Taxation issued the announcement of the Guidelines for Enterprise Cancellation (Revised in 2021). The full text is as follows:

  Guidelines for Enterprise Cancellation (revised in 2021)

  First, the basic procedures for enterprises to withdraw from the market

  Usually, when an enterprise terminates its business activities and withdraws from the market, it needs to go through three main processes: resolution dissolution, liquidation distribution and cancellation of registration. Take a company as an example. According to the Company Law, before the company withdraws from the market and formally terminates, it must declare its dissolution, set up a liquidation team to carry out liquidation, clean up the company’s property, pay taxes, pay employees’ wages and social insurance fees, etc. After the liquidation, it should make a liquidation report, cancel the company registration and announce the company’s termination.

  Second, dissolution

  The dissolution of an enterprise is a legal act in which an enterprise stops its business activities and begins to enter liquidation procedures until it terminates its legal personality when there are legal reasons for dissolution.

  (1) voluntary dissolution.Refers to the dissolution of the company based on the will of the enterprise or shareholders. Take the company as an example, including: the business term stipulated in the articles of association expires or other reasons for dissolution stipulated in the articles of association appear; The shareholders’ meeting or the shareholders’ meeting decides to dissolve; Dissolution due to merger or division of the company, etc. Among them, the resolution of the shareholders’ meeting of a limited liability company on the dissolution of the company must be passed by shareholders representing more than 2/3 of the voting rights; A resolution on the dissolution of the company at the shareholders’ meeting of a joint-stock company must be passed by more than 2/3 of the voting rights held by the shareholders present at the meeting. The dissolution of a wholly state-owned company must be decided by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution; Among them, the dissolution of an important wholly state-owned company shall be audited by the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution and reported to the people’s government at the same level for approval.

  (2) Compulsory dissolution.It refers to the dissolution based on the decision and order of the relevant government organs or the court’s ruling, which is not based on the company or shareholders’ own wishes. It is usually divided into administrative decision dissolution and judicial decision dissolution. Administrative decision to dissolve, the company is ordered to be dissolved by the administrative authority ex officio because its behavior violates laws and regulations and harms social public interests or public order, including its business license revoked, ordered to close down or revoked according to law. If the judicial decision is dissolved due to serious difficulties in the company’s operation and management, and the continued existence will cause great losses to shareholders’ interests, which cannot be solved by other means, the shareholders holding more than 10% of all shareholders’ voting rights of the company shall file a lawsuit to the people’s court to dissolve the company and request the people’s court to dissolve it.

  Iii. liquidation

  After the company makes a resolution of dissolution, it shall be liquidated. The important content of company liquidation is to clean up the company’s assets, settle all debts and end all existing legal relationships. The purpose of liquidation is to protect the interests of creditors, shareholders and public interests. Except for dissolution due to merger or division, the company shall be liquidated at the time of dissolution.

  (1) Establish a liquidation group.The Company shall set up a liquidation group within 15 days from the date of dissolution, which shall be responsible for cleaning up the company’s property, creditor’s rights and debts. The liquidation group of a limited liability company is composed of shareholders of the company (if the shareholders of the company are legal persons, relevant personnel may be appointed to participate in the liquidation), and the liquidation group of a joint stock limited company is composed of directors or personnel determined by the shareholders’ meeting. If a liquidation group is not established for liquidation within the time limit, the creditor may apply to the people’s court to appoint relevant personnel to form a liquidation group for liquidation.

  (2) Publish the information of the liquidation group and the creditors’ announcement.Within 10 days from the date of establishment of the liquidation group, the applicant shall announce the information of the liquidation group through the national enterprise credit information publicity system. At the same time, the liquidation group shall notify creditors within 10 days from the date of its establishment, and publish creditors’ announcements through newspapers within 60 days according to law, or publish creditors’ announcements to the society free of charge through the national enterprise credit information publicity system for 45 days.

  (3) Carrying out liquidation activities.The liquidation group is responsible for clearing the company’s property and preparing the balance sheet and property list respectively; Handle the unfinished business of the company related to liquidation; Pay fines and penalties of administrative organs and judicial organs; Pay the taxes owed to the customs and tax authorities and the taxes generated in the liquidation process, and go through relevant procedures, including late payment fees, fines, payment of taxes that need to be paid in advance for the cancellation of customs supervision of goods with tax reduction or exemption, submission of relevant licenses that need to be reissued, cancellation and liquidation of enterprise income tax, settlement of land value-added tax, settlement of export tax refund (exemption), cancellation of invoices and tax control equipment, etc. Taxpayers who have tax-related violations shall accept punishment and pay fines; Clearing creditor’s rights and debts; Dispose of the company’s remaining property after paying off debts.

  (4) distributing the company’s property;After clearing up the company’s property, preparing the balance sheet and property list, the liquidation group shall formulate the liquidation plan and report it to the shareholders’ meeting, shareholders’ meeting or the people’s court for confirmation. After paying the liquidation expenses, employees’ wages, social insurance fees and statutory compensation, paying the taxes owed and paying off the company’s debts, the remaining property of the company shall be distributed according to the proportion of shareholders’ capital contribution in a limited liability company and the proportion of shares held by shareholders in a joint stock limited company. During the liquidation period, the company shall survive, but shall not carry out business activities unrelated to liquidation. The company’s property shall not be distributed to shareholders before it is paid off in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph.

  (5) Making a liquidation report.After the liquidation, the liquidation group shall prepare a liquidation report, submit it to the shareholders’ meeting, the shareholders’ meeting or the people’s court for confirmation, and submit it to the company registration authority to apply for cancellation of company registration and announce the termination of the company.

  Iv. cancellation of registration

  (1) Ordinary cancellation process

  The general cancellation process is applicable to all kinds of enterprises. After the liquidation, enterprises need to cancel tax registration, enterprise registration and social insurance registration respectively. Companies involved in customs declaration and other related businesses also need to handle matters such as filing and cancellation of customs declaration units.

  1. Apply for cancellation of tax registration.

  When a taxpayer applies to the tax department for cancellation, the tax department conducts a pre-inspection of tax cancellation to check whether the taxpayer has outstanding matters.

  (1) If taxpayers who have not handled tax-related matters take the initiative to go to the tax authorities for tax clearance, the tax authorities can immediately issue tax clearance documents according to the business license provided by the taxpayers.

  (2) Taxpayers who meet the conditions for immediate handling of vacancies, when handling tax cancellation, have complete information, and the tax authorities immediately issue tax clearance documents; If the information is not complete, the tax department can immediately issue a tax clearance document after making a promise. Taxpayers should complete the information and settle related matters according to the promised time limit. The specific tolerance conditions are:

  (1) taxpayers who have handled tax-related matters but have not received invoices (including invoices issued on behalf of them), have no tax arrears (late fees) and fines, and take the initiative to go to the tax authorities for tax clearance;

  ② Taxpayers who are not in the state of tax inspection, do not owe taxes (late fees) and fines, have paid off special VAT invoices and tax control equipment, and meet one of the following circumstances:

  ● Taxpayers with tax credit rating of A and B;

  ● M-level taxpayers whose tax credit rating of the holding parent company is Grade A;

  ● Enterprises founded by the provincial people’s government to introduce talents or industry leaders recognized by industry associations at or above the provincial level;

  ● Regular fixed individual industrial and commercial households that are not included in the tax credit rating evaluation;

  ● Taxpayers who have not reached the VAT tax threshold.

  (3) If the conditions for the immediate handling of the commitment system are not met (or if the conditions for the immediate handling of the commitment system are met, but the taxpayer is unwilling to commit), the tax department will issue a Notice of Tax Matters to the taxpayer (informing the taxpayer of the outstanding matters), and the taxpayer can apply for tax cancellation only after handling all the outstanding matters first.

  (4) If the manager of an enterprise declared bankrupt by a ruling of the people’s court applies for tax cancellation with a ruling of the people’s court to terminate the bankruptcy procedure, the tax department will immediately issue a tax clearance document.

  (5) Before the taxpayer handles the tax cancellation, it is not necessary to apply to the tax authorities for terminating the "Entrusted Deduction Agreement". After the tax authorities complete the tax cancellation, the entrusted deduction agreement will be automatically terminated.

  2. Apply for cancellation of enterprise registration.The liquidation group shall submit an application for cancellation of registration, resolutions of shareholders’ meeting, liquidation report and tax clearance certificate to the registration authority to apply for cancellation of registration. If the registration authority and the tax authority have shared the enterprise tax clearing information, the enterprise does not need to submit paper tax clearing documents; Those who have received the original and duplicate of the paper business license shall return the original and duplicate of the business license. When a wholly state-owned company applies for cancellation of registration, it shall also submit the decision of the state-owned assets supervision and administration institution. Among them, the approval documents of the people’s government at the same level shall also be submitted for the important wholly state-owned companies identified by the State Council. When an enterprise with a branch applies for cancellation of registration, it shall also submit the certificate of cancellation of registration of the branch.

  3. Apply for cancellation of social insurance registration.An enterprise shall, within 30 days from the date of cancellation of enterprise registration, submit an application for cancellation of social insurance registration and other relevant cancellation documents to the original social insurance registration institution, and go through the formalities for cancellation of social insurance registration. Before the cancellation of social insurance registration, the arrears of social insurance premiums shall be paid.

  4. Apply for the record cancellation of the customs declaration unit.Enterprises involved in customs declaration-related business can submit applications for cancellation of customs declaration units to the customs through the "single window" of international trade (http://www.singlewindow.cn) and "internet plus Customs" (http://online.customs.gov.cn), or through the cancellation "one-net" service platform networked by the market supervision department and the customs. For taxpayers who have filed with the customs and have tax arrears (including late fees) and fines and other tax-related matters that have not been settled, they should apply to the market supervision department for cancellation of enterprise registration after the customs declaration unit has filed for cancellation.

  (2) Simple cancellation process

  1. Applicable objects

  Market entities without creditor’s rights and debts or having paid off creditor’s rights and debts (except listed companies). When applying for simple cancellation of registration, market participants should not have debts such as unsettled liquidation expenses, employees’ wages, social insurance expenses, statutory compensation, and taxes payable (late fees and fines).

  In any of the following circumstances, the simple cancellation procedure is not applicable to an enterprise: it involves a foreign-invested enterprise that implements special access management measures as stipulated by the state; Being included in the list of abnormal business operations of enterprises or the list of serious illegal and untrustworthy enterprises; The stock right (investment interest) is frozen, pledged or mortgaged by movable property; Being under investigation or taking administrative enforcement, judicial assistance or being given administrative punishment; The unincorporated branch of the enterprise has not gone through the cancellation of registration; The summary cancellation procedure has been terminated; Laws, administrative regulations or the State Council decisions require approval before cancellation of registration; Other circumstances that do not apply to the simple cancellation of registration of enterprises.

  If an enterprise is "listed in the list of abnormal business operations", "its equity (investment interests) is frozen, pledged or mortgaged by movable property", and "the unincorporated branch of the enterprise has not cancelled its registration", it is not necessary to cancel the simple cancellation of registration. After the abnormal state disappears, it can apply for simple cancellation of registration through publicity again. If the letter and form of the letter of commitment are not standardized, the market supervision department will accept its simple cancellation application after the market subject makes corrections, and there is no need to re-publicize it.

  Taxpayers who meet the conditions of simple cancellation by the market supervision department, have not handled tax-related matters, have handled tax-related matters but have not received invoices (including invoicing), have no tax arrears (late fees) and fines, and have no other tax-related matters that have not been settled, are exempted from going to the tax department for tax clearance certificates, and can directly apply to the market supervision department for simple cancellation.

  2. Handling process

  (1) Enterprises that meet the applicable conditions log in and cancel the "One Network" service platform or the column of "Simple Cancellation Announcement" of the national enterprise credit information publicity system actively announce to the public the information such as the proposed application for simple cancellation registration and the commitment of all investors, and the publicity period is 20 days.

  (2) During the publicity period, relevant interested parties and relevant government departments can raise objections and briefly state the reasons through the function of "Objection Message" in the column of "Simple Cancellation Announcement" of the national enterprise credit information publicity system. After the publicity period, the publicity system will no longer accept objections.

  (3) After the tax authorities obtain the information pushed by the market supervision department to apply for simple cancellation of registration through information sharing, they should check the tax information system to verify the relevant tax-related situation in accordance with the prescribed procedures and requirements, and the tax authorities will not raise any objection to taxpayers who are shown by the inquiry system as follows: First, taxpayers who have not handled tax-related matters; Second, taxpayers who have handled tax-related matters but have not received invoices (including invoices), have no tax arrears (late fees) and fines, and have no other tax-related matters that have not been settled; The third is the taxpayer who has completed the tax clearance procedures such as paying off the invoice and settling the tax payable at the time of inquiry.

  (4) After the expiration of the publicity period, if there is no objection within the publicity period, the enterprise shall handle the simple cancellation of registration with the registration authority within 20 days from the date of the expiration of the publicity period. If it is not handled at the expiration date, the registration authority may extend the time limit according to the actual situation, and the maximum extension period shall not exceed 30 days. After publicity, enterprises shall not engage in production and business activities unrelated to cancellation.

  3. Simple cancellation of individual industrial and commercial households

  Individual industrial and commercial households registered after the implementation of the "integration of two certificates" reform of business license and tax registration certificate need not submit a letter of commitment or publicize it if they cancel their registration through summary procedures. After the individual industrial and commercial households submit the application for simple cancellation of registration, the market supervision department shall, within one working day, push the relevant information about the individual industrial and commercial households’ application for simple cancellation of registration to the tax authorities at the same level through the provincial unified credit information sharing and exchange platform, government information platform and inter-departmental data interface (collectively referred to as the information sharing and exchange platform), and the tax authorities will give feedback on whether they agree to simple cancellation within 10 days. If there is no objection to the tax authorities, the market supervision department shall handle the simple cancellation of registration in time. For details, please refer to the Notice of State Taxation Administration of The People’s Republic of China, General Administration of Market Supervision on Further Improving the Simple Cancellation Registration and Convenient Market Exit of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (Guo Shi Jian Zhu Fa [2021] No.45).

  V. Guidelines for handling special circumstances

  (1) There are problems such as shareholders’ loss of contact and non-cooperation.If it is difficult to cancel the limited liability company due to the loss of shareholders’ association or non-cooperation, all shareholders shall be notified in writing and in newspapers (or the national enterprise credit information publicity system), and a shareholders’ meeting shall be held to form a resolution in accordance with the voting ratio stipulated by laws and articles of association, and a liquidation group shall be established, and then an application for cancellation of registration shall be made to the enterprise registration authority.

  (2) There is a problem that enterprises cannot organize liquidation by themselves.For a company that has been dissolved, but the investors with liquidation obligations refuse to perform the liquidation obligations or cannot set up a liquidation group for liquidation due to the inability to get in touch, the relevant shareholders or creditors may apply to the people’s court to appoint relevant personnel to form a liquidation group for liquidation in accordance with the provisions of the Company Law. After clearing up the company’s assets, compiling the balance sheet and list of assets, the liquidation group finds that the company’s assets are insufficient to pay off debts, and shall apply to the people’s court for bankruptcy according to law. If the people’s court ruled that compulsory liquidation or bankruptcy was declared, the enterprise liquidation group and the bankruptcy administrator may directly apply to the registration authority for cancellation of registration with the ruling of the people’s court to terminate the compulsory liquidation procedure or the bankruptcy procedure.

  (3) The business license and official seal are lost.For enterprises that have lost their business licenses, they can apply to the enterprise registration authority for cancellation with the announcement of the loss of licenses publicized by themselves in the national enterprise credit information publicity system, without applying for a new business license. Where the official seal is lost, it shall be signed and sealed by all shareholders or signed and confirmed by the person in charge of the liquidation group. For an unincorporated enterprise as a legal person, the legal representative of the superior competent unit shall sign and affix the official seal of the superior competent unit for confirmation, and the relevant cancellation materials may not be affixed with the official seal.

  (4) The shareholder (investor) has been cancelled.For an enterprise whose shareholders (investors) have cancelled but failed to clean up the foreign investment, and the invested enterprise cannot cancel, if its shareholders (investors) have a superior competent unit, the superior competent unit of the cancelled enterprise shall handle the relevant cancellation procedures in accordance with the regulations; If the cancelled enterprise has a legal successor, the successor may apply for it in accordance with the relevant provisions; If the cancelled enterprise has no legal successor, the shareholder (investor) registered at the time of cancellation of the cancelled enterprise shall apply for handling.

  (5) Other issues.

  1. For enterprises whose business licenses loaded with unified social credit codes have been revoked without replacement, the market supervision department has assigned codes to such enterprises, and enterprises can use their unified social credit codes to handle cancellation business in relevant departments without replacing their business licenses loaded with unified social credit codes.

  2. A taxpayer whose business license is revoked by the registration authority or whose registration is revoked by other authorities shall, within 15 days from the date when the business license is revoked or its registration is revoked, apply to the original tax registration authority for tax cancellation.

  3. Before going through the tax cancellation, taxpayers in abnormal tax state need to remove the abnormal state and go through the tax declaration formalities. In case of any of the following circumstances, the tax authorities may print the corresponding tax types and the relevant additional Confirmation Form for Batch Zero Declaration, which will be processed in batches after being confirmed by taxpayers:

  (1) During the abnormal state, the value-added tax, consumption tax and related additional declarations that need to be reissued are all zero declarations;

  (2) During the abnormal state, the monthly (quarterly) advance payment of enterprise income tax required to be reissued is zero, and there is no situation to make up for the previous losses.

  VI. Prompt for Cancellation of Legal Liability

  (1) When the company is liquidated, the liquidation group fails to perform the obligation of notification and announcement in accordance with the regulations, resulting in creditors’ failure to declare their claims in time and not being paid off, and the members of the liquidation group shall be liable for the losses caused thereby. (According to Article 11 of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC))

  (2) If the liquidation group’s execution of unconfirmed liquidation plan causes losses to the company or creditors, and the company, shareholders or creditors claim that the members of the liquidation group shall be liable for compensation, the people’s court shall support it according to law. (According to Article 15 of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC))

  (3) If the shareholders of a limited liability company, the directors and controlling shareholders of a joint stock limited company fail to set up a liquidation group to start liquidation within the statutory time limit, resulting in the depreciation, loss, damage or loss of the company’s property, and the creditors claim that they are liable for the company’s debts within the scope of losses, the people’s court shall support them according to law. (According to the provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (II), Paragraph 1 of Article 18)

  (4) If the shareholders of a limited liability company, directors and controlling shareholders of a joint stock limited company fail to perform their obligations, resulting in the loss of the company’s main property, account books, important documents, etc., and the creditors claim that they are jointly and severally liable for the company’s debts, the people’s court shall support them according to law. (According to the provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (II), Paragraph 2 of Article 18)

  (5) If the shareholders of a limited liability company, the directors and controlling shareholders of a joint stock limited company and the actual controller of the company maliciously dispose of the company’s property after the dissolution of the company, causing losses to creditors, or defrauding the company registration authority to cancel the registration of a legal person with a false liquidation report without liquidation according to law, and the creditors claim that they should bear corresponding liability for compensation for the company’s debts, the people’s court shall support them according to law. (According to Article 19 of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC))

  (6) The company shall apply for cancellation of registration after liquidation according to law. If the company cancels its registration without liquidation, which makes it impossible for the company to liquidate, and the creditors claim that the shareholders of a limited liability company, the directors and controlling shareholders of a joint stock limited company, and the actual controller of the company shall be liable for paying off the debts of the company, the people’s court shall support it according to law. (According to the provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (II), Paragraph 1 of Article 20)

  (7) If the company goes through the cancellation of registration without liquidation according to law, and the shareholders or the third party promise to be liable for the company’s debts when the company registration authority goes through the cancellation of registration, and the creditors claim that they should bear corresponding civil liabilities for the company’s debts, the people’s court shall support them according to law. (According to the provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (II), Paragraph 2 of Article 20)

  (8) When the company’s property is insufficient to pay off the debts, if the creditors claim that the shareholders who have not paid their capital contributions, and other shareholders or promoters at the time of the establishment of the company shall bear joint and several liabilities for paying off the debts of the company within the scope of unpaid capital contributions, the people’s court shall support them according to law. (According to the provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (II), Paragraph 2 of Article 22)

  (9) If a member of the liquidation group violates laws, administrative regulations or the company’s articles of association and causes losses to the company or creditors, the people’s court shall support him according to law. (According to the provisions of the Supreme People’s Court on Several Issues Concerning the Application of the Company Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) (II), Paragraph 1 of Article 23)

  (10) If an enterprise conceals the real situation or practices fraud in the cancellation of registration, the registration authority may cancel the cancellation of registration according to law, and at the same time, the enterprise will be included in the list of enterprises that are seriously illegal and untrustworthy, and will be publicized through the national enterprise credit information publicity system. Relevant interested parties can claim their corresponding rights through civil litigation. (According to Article 64 of the Regulations on the Administration of Company Registration and Article 10, paragraph 2, of the Measures for the Administration of the List of Serious Violations and Dishonesty in Market Supervision and Management)

  (eleven) the taxpayer fails to declare the cancellation of tax within the prescribed time limit, and the tax authorities shall order it to make corrections within a time limit and may impose a fine of less than two thousand yuan; If the circumstances are serious, a fine of not less than two thousand yuan but not more than ten thousand yuan shall be imposed. (According to Paragraph 1 of Article 60 of the Law on the Administration of Tax Collection)

  (12) A taxpayer who forges, alters, conceals or destroys account books and vouchers without authorization, or overstretches expenditures or omits or understates income in account books, or refuses to declare or makes false tax returns after being notified by the tax authorities, and fails to pay or underpays the tax payable, is tax evasion. If a taxpayer evades taxes, the tax authorities shall recover the taxes and late fees that he fails to pay or underpays, and impose a fine of not less than 50% but not more than five times the taxes that he fails to pay or underpays; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law. (According to the first paragraph of Article 63 of the Law on the Administration of Tax Collection)

Data of the Second National Population Census

Several main statistics of the results of the second national population census


(1964)


   (1) Total population


    At 24: 00 on June 30, 1964, the national population was 723,070,269. The population of 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions (Tianjin was then affiliated to Hebei Province) and active servicemen was 694,581,759, including 356,517,011 men, accounting for 51.33%; There are 338,064,748 women, accounting for 48.67%. The population of Taiwan Province, Hong Kong and Macao compatriots and overseas Chinese is 28,488,510.


    The population of each province, city and autonomous region is as follows: (unit: people)


    Beijing 7,568,495
    Hebei Province 45,687,781
    Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region 12,348,638
    Shanxi Province 18,015,067
    Liaoning Province 26,946,200
    Jilin Province 15,668,663
    Heilongjiang Province 20,118,271
    Shanghai 10,816,458
    Jiangsu Province 44,504,608
    Zhejiang Province 28,318,573
    Anhui Province 31,241,657
    Jiangxi Province 21,068,019
    Fujian Province 16,757,223
    Shandong Province 55,519,038
    Guangdong Province 42,800,849
    Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region 20,845,017
    Hunan Province 37,182,286
    Hubei Province 33,709,344
    Henan Province 50,325,511
    Sichuan Province 67,956,490
    Yunnan Province 20,509,525
    Guizhou Province 17,140,521
    Xizang Autonomous Region 1,251,225
    Shaanxi Province 20,766,915
    Gansu Province 12,630,569
    Qinghai Province 2,145,604
    Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region 7,270,067


   (2) Population of all ethnic groups


    On June 30, 1964, there were 651,296,368 Han people in 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, accounting for 94.22% of the total population. The population of ethnic minorities is 39,883,909, accounting for 5.78%.


    Ethnic groups with a population of more than one million are: Mongolian 1,965,766; 4,473,147 Hui people: 2,501,174 Tibetans; 3,996,311 Uighurs; 2,782,088 Miao people; 3,380,960 Yi people; 8,386,140 Zhuang people; 1,348,055 Buyi people; 1,339,569 Koreans; There are 2,695,675 Manchu people.


   (3) Population age


    On June 30, 1964, the working-age population in China (men aged 16 to 59 and women aged 16 to 54) was 341,491,424, accounting for 49.17% of the total population.


    The population under the age of 1 to 14 is 280,671,035, accounting for 40.4% of the total population. Among them: 114,287,925 school-age children aged 7 to 12; There are 135,422,127 children under 6 years old. The population over 61 is 38,171,010, accounting for 5.5% of the total population. There are 4,900 people over 100 years old (2,134 men and 2,766 women). The highest age is 150 years old, and there is one person.


   (4) Education level of the population


    On June 30, 1964, among the population of 28 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions, there were 2,875,401 people with university education, 9,116,831 people with high school education, 32,346,788 people with junior high school education and 195,824,459 people with primary school education.


 

1918 influenza: the mother of all pandemics

Disclaimer: This article creates original translated articles for Flint. Individuals are welcome to forward and share them. Reprinting on websites and WeChat official account requires authorization.

I. Literature sources

Taubenberger J K, Morens D M. 1918 influenza: the mother of all pandemics[J]. Emerging infectious diseases, 2006, 12(1):15-22.

The literature was published in the American CDC academic journal Emerging Infectious Diseases, January 2006, Volume 12, No.1, with the title "1918 Influenza: Mother of All Pandemic Diseases". ( www.cdc.gov/eid)

II. Introduction to the author

Dr. Taubenberger: Director of Molecular Pathology, United States Army Pathology Institute, Rockville, Maryland. The research direction is the molecular pathophysiology and evolution of influenza virus.

Dr Morens: epidemiologist, working for the American institute of allergy and infectious diseases. His research interests are emerging infectious diseases, virology, tropical medicine and medical history.

foreword

From 1918 to 1919, Spanish influenza caused about 50 million deaths in the world, and it is still an ominous haze of public health. There are still many unanswered questions about the origin, such as unusual epidemiological characteristics and main pathogenic factors. Although we are now trying to overcome the spread of pandemics such as H5N1 or other viruses, the impact of the 1918 influenza on public health is still uncertain. The information of the 1918 influenza is still being updated, such as sequencing the whole genome from the autopsy in the archives, but the virus genome alone cannot answer the key questions. To understand the 1918 flu and its impact on the future, we need detailed experiments and in-depth historical analysis. Tip: The number of words in the full text is 7279, and it takes an average of 15 minutes to finish reading.

background

During the 1918-1919 flu, about one third of the world’s population (about 500 million people) was infected and developed clinical symptoms. The pandemic is more serious than expected. Compared with the mortality rate of other pandemics (< 0.1%), the mortality rate of influenza in 1918 was > 2.5%. It is estimated that the total death toll is about 50 million, and the pessimistic view is as high as 100 million.

The influence of 1918 influenza was not limited to 1918-1919. Since then, almost all influenza A (except avian influenza virus, such as H5N1 and H7N7) in the world are descendants of 1918 influenza virus, including drifting H1N1, recombinant H2N2 and H3N2. The latter is the integration of the key genes of the 1918 influenza by the later avian influenza, thus expressing new proteins. It can be said that the 1918 flu is the mother of all pandemics.In 1918, it was unclear how human influenza was related to avian influenza and swine flu. Although the clinical and epidemiological characteristics are similar to those of influenza pandemics in 1889, 1847 or even earlier, the high mortality rate makes many people wonder whether it should be called influenza. This problem was not solved until 1930, when the influenza virus (now called H1N1) was isolated from pigs, and later it was also isolated from humans. Seroepidemiological studies soon linked the virus with the 1918 flu. Subsequent research shows that the offspring of 1918 virus has always existed in pigs, and may still appear in humans continuously, experiencing the continuous iteration of antigenic drift, and leading to an annual epidemic outbreak until the 1950s. In 1957, a new H _ H2N2 epidemic (namely "Asian influenza") began to appear, and the H1N1 virus, the offspring of the 1918 virus, completely disappeared from the human circulation, although the related pedigree was still attached to pigs. But in 1977, it suddenly "reappeared" from the laboratory freezer and began to be popular among humans.
In 2006, two natural lineages and two recombinant lineages of the offspring of 1918 virus became popular: human H1N1, swine H1N1 (swine flu), recombinant human H3N2 and recombinant swine H3N2, but none of the offspring was close to the pathogenicity of 1918 virus. Swine strains H1N1 and H3N2 rarely infect humans, while the morbidity/mortality of human strains H1N1 and H3N2 are lower than that of 1918 virus.In fact, the fatality rate of natural H1N1 is even lower than that of H3N2 (prevalent since 1968). The H1N1 and H3N2 viruses originated from the 1918 influenza have been prevalent all over the world for 29 years, and there are almost no signs of extinction.

First, try to understand what happened?

By the early 1990s, 75 years of research had failed to answer the most basic question of the 1918 flu: Why was it so deadly? People didn’t isolate any virus from the 1918 influenza epidemic, but their descendants continued to invade humans slightly. A follow-up survey of influenza epidemic in the 1920s showed that in the years after 1918, influenza epidemic became an annual epidemic with low mortality due to gene drift. Did one genetic event greatly reduce the pathogenicity of the 1918 virus, and then another genetic event turned the 1918 virus into a weaker H1N1 virus?

In 1995, a scientific team determined the autopsy materials of influenza in the autumn of 1918 from the archives, and began a long sequencing experiment on small RNA virus fragments, so as to deduce the whole genome of the 1918 virus. At present, the whole genome of one virus and partial gene sequences of four other viruses have been determined. The above experiments and a series of other articles related to 1918 virus have confirmed that 1918 virus is most likely the ancestor of human/pig H1N1, H3N2 and extinct H2N2. No mutation related to the genome of 1918 virus has been found in other highly pathogenic influenza viruses of human or animals, but the continuous study on virulence factors has produced some interesting results. Nevertheless, the 1918 gene sequence data can not answer the origin and epidemiological characteristics of the virus.

Second,When and where did the 1918 flu begin to spread?

Before and after 1918, most influenza pandemics originated in Asia and spread all over the world.During the 12-month period from 1918 to 1919, the 1918 flu spread more or less simultaneously from three regions: Europe, Asia and North America (the first wave is thought to have started in the United States in March 1918). Historical and epidemiological data are not enough to identify the geographical origin of the virus, and the recent 1918 gene system research can not analyze the geographical origin.

Although there was no national influenza disease reporting system in 1918, and the diagnostic criteria for influenza and pneumonia were not clear, since December 1915, there was an epidemic of respiratory diseases in the United States, and the mortality rate of influenza and pneumonia rose sharply in 1915 and 1916, and then decreased slightly in 1917. The first wave of influenza pandemic appeared in the spring of 1918, and the second wave and the third wave of influenza pandemic with higher mortality rate appeared in the autumn of 1918 and the winter of 1919 respectively, as shown in Figure 1.

Is it possible that the weak-adaptability H1N1 virus had spread in 1915, and although there were some serious diseases, it had not caused a pandemic?At that time, data consistent with this was also reported from European military camps, but the opposite conclusion was given: if the virus strain with new hemagglutinin (HA) affected the mortality rate of influenza and pneumonia in the United States, it should have caused a pandemic long ago, and someone should be immunized or at least partially immunized by 1918. It is difficult to determine that the "pioneer" events of the 1918 flu came from 1915, 1916 or even early 1918.

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Figure 1 Three waves of epidemics: the weekly mortality rate of influenza and pneumonia in Britain from 1918 to 1919.

Another unique feature of the 1918 influenza pandemic was that people and pigs were infected almost at the same time.The 1918 virus probably expressed a new subtype of antigenicity, which led to the low immunity of most people and pigs. Recently published genetic studies show that hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminic acid (NA) expressed by the 1918 virus gene were probably derived from the avian influenza virus shortly before the start of the pandemic, and the precursor virus failed to spread widely in humans or pigs for decades. More recent reports of the virus gene sequence and phylogenetic analysis of the virus also support this conclusion. Regression analysis of human/swine flu sequences from 1930 to the present shows that the precursor of 1918 virus first spread in humans from 1915 to 1918. Therefore, the precursor of the 1918 virus may have spread widely among humans before 1918, and so far no research has directly indicated the transition from any bird. In a word, its origin is still confusing.

Are the three waves of epidemics from the same virus?

Historical records since the 16th century show that a new influenza pandemic may occur at any time of the year, which is not necessarily the regular pattern in winter every year, because the behavior pattern most likely from the new influenza has been found among infected people. After that, these pandemic viruses began to drift in the face of the selective pressure of population immunity, and eventually the pattern of annual epidemic recurrence was triggered by drifting virus mutants.

During the 1918-1919 pandemic, the first spring tide began in March 1918 and spread to the United States, Europe and even Asia in different degrees in the next six months. The prevalence rate was very high, but the mortality rate in most areas was not significantly higher than the normal value. The second wave of autumn tide began in September-November, 1918, and it spread rapidly around the world and was fatal. The third wave of epidemic began in early 1919. According to the clinical similarity, some contemporary observers have come to the conclusion at the beginning that the three epidemics should be caused by the same disease: the mild symptoms in the three epidemics are the same, and they have the typical flu characteristics of the 1889 pandemic and earlier pandemics. However, in retrospect, there are few cases in which the first wave of spring tide developed rapidly from simple influenza to fatal pneumonia, and fatal pneumonia is the symbol of the last two waves of epidemic tide; Comparatively speaking, the frequency of complex, serious and fatal cases in the last two waves will be higher.

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It is unprecedented for three large-scale epidemics to occur in a year. To some extent, the antigenic drift of the virus is the reason why it keeps recurring every year, and an antigenic virus variant appears about every 2 ~ 3 years. If there is no drift characteristic, once the immunity of human/livestock reaches the critical threshold, the influenza virus may disappear, and under this critical threshold, the further spread of the virus is limited. For decades, people have been speculating about the time and space between influenza pandemics. In addition to human/livestock immune restrictions, the factors of virus transmission include low ambient temperature, nasal cavity temperature (which is beneficial to heat-labile viruses, such as influenza), suitable humidity, indoor congestion and poor ventilation.
However, none of the above factors can explain the three waves of epidemic in 1918-1919, which occurred in spring and summer, summer and autumn and winter respectively. The first two waves occur at the time of unfavorable influenza transmission every year; The second wave broke out in the northern hemisphere/southern hemisphere from September to November; In addition, the period between epidemic tides is so short that it is almost impossible to detect in some areas. It is difficult for epidemiology to explain the sharp decline of cases between the first wave and the second wave, and the sharp rise of cases between the second wave and the third wave. Even assuming that the acquired immunity after infection is short-lived, there are too few susceptible people to maintain the spread at one point. How can a new explosive pandemic be triggered in a few weeks? Will the virus mutate completely at the same time in almost a short time around the world?
However, according to scientific experience, it takes several years for influenza virus to spread globally, not just a few weeks. Moreover, even the mutant that has drifted will take several months to spread around the world. Other influenza pandemics have not been reported continuously within one year. For example, the 1889 flu began in the late spring of 1889, and it took several months to spread around the world, reaching its peak in northern Europe and the United States in late 1889 or early 1890; The second recurrence occurred in late spring of 1891 (one year late) and the third in early 1892. Like the 1918 flu, more people died when the second epidemic wave recurred, but the spread time of the three epidemics in 1889-1892 was more than three years, while the spread time of the successive epidemics in 1918-1919 was compressed to August-September.The ability of the 1918 influenza to rapidly develop a continuous pandemic is still unknown. Because the autopsy materials we identified only came from the second wave of 1918 influenza, it is inconclusive whether the first wave or the third wave also came from the same virus or mutant. The experimental data show that the second wave of infected people may have obtained immune protection during the third wave of epidemic, but the data is not enough to support whether the second/third wave of infected people obtained immune protection from the first wave of epidemic, nor can they answer the question whether the three waves of epidemic came from the same virus or mutant. Only by getting the RNA positive samples of infected people before 1918 and the three waves of epidemic in 1918 can we answer this question.

4. Did the 1918 virus host come from animals?

The data of 1918 virus gene sequence shows that the whole genome may be new to human beings in 1918 or not long ago. It was not produced by recombining one or more new genes from previous viruses (unlike the 1957 or 1968 epidemic). On the contrary, the 1918 virus seems to be derived from an unknown source of avian influenza virus (eight gene fragments are different from the current avian influenza genes). The gene sequence of influenza virus collected from wild bird specimens around 1918 is not much different from that of today’s avian influenza virus, which indicates that even for a long time, the antigenic changes of avian influenza virus may hardly occur in natural reservoir.

For example, the sequence of 1918 nucleoprotein (NP) gene is similar to the virus in wild birds in amino acid level, but it is very different in nucleotide level, which indicates that the source of 1918 nucleoprotein is far from the virus nucleoprotein in wild birds at present. One way to check the evolutionary distance of genes is to compare the ratio of synonymous nucleotides to non-synonymous nucleotides. Synonymous substitution means that the nucleotide change in the sequence will not lead to amino acid substitution; Non-synonymous substitution means that nucleotide changes will lead to amino acid substitution. Generally speaking, viruses under immune drift pressure or adapting to new hosts show a larger proportion of non-synonymous mutations, while viruses under minimal pressure mainly accumulate synonymous substitutions, which are considered to reflect the evolutionary distance.

Because the 1918 influenza virus gene fragments known from wild birds have more synonymous substitutions than expected, they are unlikely to come directly from viruses similar to avian influenza virus. One of them is particularly obvious. When people check the 4-fold degenerate codons (a subset of synonymous substitutions), they find that the third codon can replace any of the 4 nucleotides without changing the amino acids. At the same time, although the 1918 virus has been adapted to the intermediate host of human/pig for many years, the amino acid level of its sequence is still very small compared with that of wild birds. One possible explanation is that these abnormal gene fragments were obtained from an unidentified influenza virus database.All these findings lead to a question: Where did the 1918 virus come from?

Contrary to the 1918 virus, the gene fragments of the recombinant viruses of 1957 and 1968 influenza were from Eurasian avian influenza virus. Both human viruses are produced by the same mechanism: it is the recombination of Eurasian avian influenza virus and the previously popular human H1N1 virus. To prove the origin of the 1918 virus, samples more similar to the 1918 virus sequence are needed: samples before the 1918 virus epidemic and wild epidemic samples.

5. What is the biological basis of the pathogenicity of the 1918 virus?

Single gene sequence analysis can not provide the cause of pathogenicity of 1918 virus. Through a series of in vitro/animal model experiments, the researchers tried to model the virulence of the virus constructed by reverse gene.

Influenza virus infection requires HA protein to bind to sialic acid receptors on the surface of host cells.However, the configuration of HA receptor binding site of influenza virus suitable for avian infection is different from that of influenza virus suitable for human infection. Avian influenza virus preferentially binds sialic acid receptor with α(2-3) linked sugar; Human influenza virus is considered to preferentially use α(2-6) linked sugar. This avian receptor configuration can be transformed into infection only by changing one amino acid, while the HA protein of five sequenced 1918 viruses has this change, which is probably a key step to adapt to human hosts. There is also a second possibility that three of the five sequenced 1918 viruses have another change in their HA sequence that enhances the binding of human receptors.

This means that at least two H1N1 receptor-binding mutants spread in 1918: one shows high affinity with human receptor and the other shows mixed high affinity with avian/human receptor. But there is no geographical or chronological indication that one of the variants is the precursor of the other.Did these viruses have the same transmission ability in 1918, did they have the same replication pattern in the respiratory tree, and did they spread the same virus in the first and third epidemics? Are unknown.

In a series of in vivo experiments, recombinant genes containing gene fragments 1 and 5 of 1918 virus have been produced. These recombinants with 1918 HA/NA showed high pathogenicity in mice. In addition, the microarray analysis of gene expression in lung tissue of these mice showed that cell apoptosis, tissue damage and oxidation were all related to the expression of such genes. These findings are unexpected, because the virus with 1918 gene has not adapted to mice; The control group (mice infected with other modern human viruses) showed little pathogenicity and virus replication. Mice infected with 1918 HA/NA recombinant showed necrosis of bronchial and alveolar epithelium and obvious inflammatory infiltration in their lungs, which indicated that 1918 HA (and possibly NA) contained pathogenic factors for mice. It is not clear whether the pathogenicity of mice can effectively simulate the pathogenicity of humans, and the potential role of other 1918 single or combined proteins is not clear. The researchers plan to further draw the genetic basis of the toxicity of the 1918 virus on other animal models. These experiments may help to determine the pathogenic components of the 1918 virus, but it is impossible to determine whether it is the main factor in the death pattern of the 1918 influenza.

Why did the 1918 virus kill so many healthy young people?

From the historical experience, the flu death curve by age has been U-shaped for at least 150 years (Figure 2), which shows the peak of death in childhood and old age, and the death rate in the middle age group is lower. On the contrary, the 1918 flu showed a unique pattern, a "W-shaped" curve that had never been recorded, and there was another death peak among people aged about 20-40.During 1918-1919, the mortality rate of people aged 15-34 suffering from influenza and pneumonia was more than 20 times higher than in previous years. Nearly half of the 1918 flu deaths came from people aged 20-40, which was unique to the 1918 flu.

Another unique point is that the mortality rate of people under 65 years old is much higher than that of people over 65 years old, and it accounts for 99% of the flu deaths in 1918. In comparison, the mortality rate of people under 65 years old accounted for 36% of the 1957 H2N2 influenza and 48% of the 1968 H3N2 influenza.

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Figure 2 Mortality rate of influenza and pneumonia per 100,000 population of all ages in the United States from 1911 to 1918.

Further dividing the influenza mortality curve by age, we can clearly see that the prevalence rate of people under 35 years old is very high (Figure 3-a), but there is still a W-shaped death peak among young people, which is obviously different from the U-shaped curve of influenza in 1928-1929 (Figure 3-c). The same 1918 flu, the prevalence rate of 5 ~ 14 years old is also high, but the mortality rate is much lower (Figure 3-a/b). In order to explain this model, we must jump out of the host and environmental factors and look further, which may include immunopathological factors (such as increased antibody-dependent infection associated with virus exposure) and other risk factors (such as concurrent infection, drugs used and environmental factors). See figure 3.

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Fig. 3 Community survey results of American public health institutions in 8 states in 1918.
Note: Figures A, B and C show the prevalence rate, mortality rate and mortality rate of influenza and pneumonia in different age groups respectively.

There is a theory that can partially explain these findings. The 1918 virus is highly toxic, but for patients born before 1889, that is, people who are over 35 years old and have been exposed to the virus at that time, they have obtained partial immune protection against the 1918 virus. But there is a paradox in this theory: this nameless virus precursor must have appeared before 1889, and then reappeared 30 years later, but no trace has been found today.

Epidemiological data collected from 1900 to 1918 provided good evidence for the emergence of a new antigenic virus in 1918. It shows that from 1900 to 1917, the age group of 5 to 15 years old accounted for 11% of the total number of influenza cases, while the age group over 65 years old accounted for 6% of the total number of influenza cases. However, in 1918, the age group of 5-15 years jumped to 25% of the total number of influenza cases, while the age group over 65 years accounted for only 0.6% of the total number of influenza cases. This is consistent with the results of protective immunity obtained by previous exposure to the same or related viruses, and the mortality data is also consistent. In 1918, the number of deaths from influenza and pneumonia in the age group over 75 was less than that in 1911-1917 before the pandemic. At the other end of the age group (Figure 2), the infant mortality rate in 1918 was similar to other pandemic patterns.

Will the 1918 flu reappear? If so, what should I do?

As far as the course of disease and pathology are concerned, the 1918 influenza pandemic is different from the historical pandemic only in degree, not in species.Despite the large number of deaths worldwide, most infected people (> 95% from industrialized countries) are mild, which is not much different from today’s influenza. In addition, the experimental results of recombinant influenza virus containing 1918 virus gene show that 1918 virus and 1918-like virus are as sensitive to the anti-influenza drugs rimantadine and oseltamivir (approved by FDA) as other typical influenza viruses.

However, the 1918 flu has some characteristics of its own: in particular, the mortality rate is 5 ~ 20 times higher than expected. From the clinical and pathological point of view, these high mortality rates seem to be caused by many factors, including a higher proportion of severe respiratory infections (organ failure not caused by influenza); In addition, death cases are concentrated in an unusually young age group; Finally, in 1918, three influenza epidemics appeared one after another at an unusually rapid speed. Each feature may reflect the genetic characteristics of the 1918 virus, but to understand them, it is necessary to check the host and environment.

Until we can’t determine which factors lead to the influenza pandemic and high mortality rate, these can only be guesses. We can only come to the conclusion that since it has happened before, similar conditions may lead to the same serious pandemic.

Like the virus in 1918, H5N1 is an avian virus, although it is a distant relative. The reasons for the evolutionary path of the 1918 pandemic are completely unknown, but it seems to be different from the current H5N1 situation in many aspects. No matter the 1918 pandemic or any other infectious disease pandemic, there is no historical data showing the existence of a pandemic "precursor virus", which led to the outbreak of highly pathogenic infection in poultry; There is no historical data to prove that highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus, including other virus subtypes such as H5N1, can cause human epidemics, let alone pandemics.

Effective human-to-human transmission is the main prerequisite for the emergence of pandemic.Although the adaptation of influenza viruses to human cells (such as receptor binding) has begun to be understood at the molecular level, how various influenza viruses adapt to humans is not completely clear at present. In 1918, the virus acquired the characteristics of adapting to human beings, but at present, we have no way to know whether the H5N1 virus will acquire the ability of human-to-human transmission in a parallel process. Although the data about the 1918 virus has increased geometrically in the past ten years, we don’t know much more about the 2006 influenza pandemic than about the risk of the 1976 H1N1 "swine flu" epidemic.

Even with modern antiviral drugs, vaccines, and knowledge of infectious disease prevention, if there is another virus like 1918, it may still kill more than 100 million people all over the world. An outbreak of a pandemic virus with high pathogenicity potential, such as the recent H5N1 virus, may cause more deaths.

No matter the virus, host or environmental factors, the virus of the first wave in 1918 had nothing to do with the abnormal pathogenicity of the second and third waves. And more, identify the virulence models of the first wave of influenza RNA positive cases from different gene sequences; Identification of human influenza RNA samples before 1918 is helpful to understand the time when the 1918 virus appeared; The observation and sequencing of a large number of animal influenza viruses will help us to understand the genetic basis of adapting to the host and the natural reservoir range of influenza. Generally speaking, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of the 1918 influenza from the aspects of history, epidemiology and biology in order to answer many unsolved mysteries.

Acknowledgement:This article was reviewed by Dr. Zhu Xun, a famous immunologist and an expert of the former National New Drug Advisory Committee. I sincerely thank Mr. Zhu for his careful guidance!

Translation: Shi Junxin 

Editor: Ginger