In May, in Port Klang, Malaysia, a container carrying garbage stinks. Malaysia’s environment minister, Yang Meiying, said that she would return the maggot-bearing garbage to … …

　　Recently, a reporter from Bloomberg wrote this scene into a news report, saying that Yang Meiying’s words represented a concern that spread throughout Southeast Asia. A lot of rubbish from Europe and America is weighing on Southeast Asian countries and losing patience. As foreign media said, for developed countries that export garbage, a message should be clear: their own garbage should be handled by themselves.

　　Southeast Asia refuses to become a garbage dump

　　Recently, the voice of rejecting "foreign garbage" has continued to rise in Southeast Asian countries.

　　Indonesia’s Jakarta Times reported on July 9th that Indonesian customs had once again seized a large number of harmful waste from Australia in the country’s ports and would "send the garbage back to their hometown". The week before, the Indonesian government just announced that it would return 49 containers filled with "foreign garbage" to many developed countries including France.

　　For a long time in the past, developed countries such as the United States, Britain, Germany, Canada, Australia, and Japan exported an amazing amount of "foreign garbage" to many developing countries in Asia, such as China, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Since last year, the "foreign garbage burden" faced by Southeast Asian countries has become heavier.

　　In January 2018, China officially implemented the "foreign garbage" ban, totally banning the import of 24 kinds of solid wastes in 4 categories. Since then, garbage collectors in Europe and America have turned their attention to other Asian markets, especially Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.

　　Take Germany as an example. According to the data provided by German media, in 2017, the country exported 600 tons of plastic waste to Indonesia, and in the first 10 months of 2018, this figure increased to 49,500 tons. According to another data, in the first six months of 2018, the amount of garbage exported to Malaysia increased from 168,500 tons in 2016 to 456,000 tons.

　　The increasing "foreign garbage" has brought serious harm to the ecological environment and people’s health in Southeast Asian countries. Under the heavy pressure, countries have successively introduced restrictive measures and related laws to prohibit the import of garbage, saying "no" to "foreign garbage".

　　In June, the Philippines insisted on sending 69 containers containing illegally imported garbage back to Canada at the expense of "diplomatic war". In May, Malaysia also announced that it would send 450 tons of imported garbage back to Australia, Canada, Japan, the United States and other places.

　　In addition, since last year, some Southeast Asian countries have legislated one after another to put a legal yoke on "foreign garbage". The Thai government announced that the import of plastic waste will be banned by 2021. The Vietnamese government also said that it would stop issuing new garbage import licenses, and "the country cannot become a garbage dump".

　　"At present, Indonesia, the Philippines and other countries are interested in importing ‘ Foreign garbage ’ Take severe crackdown measures, mainly including strengthening customs supervision and inspection, and further strengthening the formulation and improvement of relevant laws in China. " Xu Liping, a researcher at the Asia-Pacific and Global Strategy Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview with this reporter.

　　The ban forced the industrial chain to update.

　　"Due to the development gap between developing countries and developed countries in terms of economy, technology and national legal system construction, waste producers in developed countries choose irresponsible export methods in order to reduce the cost of waste disposal as much as possible, but they cannot effectively supervise waste trade in developing countries in terms of environmental law enforcement and technology, which leads to developing countries becoming developed countries ‘ Garbage dump ’ 。” Tan Quanyin, assistant researcher of Tsinghua University Institute of Environment and director of the comprehensive office of Basel Convention Asia-Pacific Regional Center, pointed out in an interview with this reporter that this is the main reason why China and Southeast Asian countries are generally faced with the problem of "foreign garbage".

　　According to the statistics of the World Bank, the population of developed countries only accounts for 16% of the world’s population, but they produce 34% of the world’s garbage. Exporting solid waste to developing countries for treatment, recovery and reuse, which is a common practice in many developed countries, can bring certain economic benefits, but it makes developing countries bear huge social and environmental costs.

　　Water pollution, crops withering and people getting sick … … "Deutsche Welle" recently pointed out that these "foreign garbage" have brought great environmental and social harm to Southeast Asian countries after paying attention to the environmental damage caused by garbage disposal in a small town in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

　　"processing ‘ Foreign garbage ’ In addition to incineration and burial, sorting and some technical means are needed, and Southeast Asian countries do not have the ability to handle a large number of ‘ Foreign garbage ’ The ability. In addition, the ecological environment of some Southeast Asian countries is relatively fragile, and they are already facing challenges such as marine garbage and sewage. ‘ Foreign garbage ’ The massive influx will cause fatal damage to the local ecological environment and even devastating effects, which is extremely unfavorable to the development of these countries. " Xu Liping said.

　　Nowadays, with the multiple hazards caused by "foreign garbage" becoming increasingly prominent and the overall environmental awareness of Southeast Asian countries increasing, more and more countries choose "zero tolerance" for "foreign garbage". The "foreign garbage" ban issued by China last year has set an example for developing countries facing similar troubles to follow.

　　据新加坡《海峡时报》报道，6月20日，在第34届东盟峰会举行之前，一群抗议者出现在泰国曼谷的一座政府大楼前，呼吁东盟国家禁止“从世界任何地方”向该地区出口废物。

　　对此，英国回收协会负责人认为，中国的“洋垃圾”禁令是一件好事，既可以倒逼更多资金投入垃圾处理技术的研发，也可以倒逼从商品制造到垃圾处理的整个产业链进行更新。

　　“自己的垃圾应自己解决”

　　根据世界银行的数据，2050年，人类制造的固体垃圾将上升到34亿吨。随着越来越多东南亚国家拒绝“接盘”，发达国家又将如何安置它们的垃圾？

　　有分析称，也许非洲将成为发达国家的下一个目标。然而，寻找“下家”只是不负责任的应急之举。发达国家真正该思考的，不是如何将垃圾压力转嫁他国，而是如何从源头根治问题。

　　彭博社称，解决办法可能在于新科技和社会行为的改变，从而减少甚至消除对垃圾填埋场和焚化炉的需求。而对发达国家来说，尤为迫切的是应学会自己处理垃圾。

　　5月10日，在瑞士日内瓦，包括中国在内的186个国家共同通过了一项决定，不再允许发达国家将其塑料垃圾随便丢给发展中国家处理。有日媒称，这对国际间的垃圾进出口施加了更进一步的严格限制。

　　“‘ Foreign garbage ’ The problem has a long history. It is both a developing problem and a global governance problem. It involves many countries and needs to raise awareness from the global level, and introduce relevant international laws to carry out comprehensive governance. " Xu Liping pointed out that relevant countries, especially developed countries, as the main producers of most "foreign garbage", should bear the responsibility to dispose of garbage at home, instead of dumping it in developing countries and shirking their responsibilities. "In addition, developing countries should also strengthen their relevant legislation and law enforcement to further block ‘ Foreign garbage ’ Import channels. "

　　Tan Quanyin also believes that solving the problem of "foreign garbage" requires a comprehensive plan to treat both the symptoms and the root causes. On the one hand, developed countries should adopt more responsible garbage disposal methods, strengthen the capacity building of domestic facilities, realize environmentally sound management of waste in China, and strengthen law enforcement to prevent illegal export of waste; On the other hand, countries should make joint efforts, while advocating and practicing sustainable production and consumption, and improving the level of cleaner production technology, strengthen cooperation, earnestly assume the responsibility of harmless management of their own waste, and promote the inclusion of the life-cycle responsibility system of waste in the framework of international law, fulfill relevant obligations, and perform their respective duties. (Our reporter Yan Yu)

CCTV News:The Olympic Games is not only a world-famous sports event, but also a window to observe global scientific and technological innovation. This year, the science and technology from China also shines brilliantly on the Olympic stage.

There is a beach volleyball competition behind the reporter. Although it is raining lightly in the sky, it has not affected everyone’s enthusiasm for watching the game. In particular, it is necessary to introduce that the location of the competition is Paris Ares Square, which is also the best scenic spot to watch the whole picture of the famous landmark Eiffel Tower. The sand raft and the iron tower are in the same frame. Is this kind of watching the game particularly surprising and romantic?

At the competition site, the scientific and technological equipment provided by enterprises in China attracted many visitors to experience. Through artificial intelligence technology, the audience can simply take a few photos in front of the machine and become a sand volleyball player at the competition site to generate a video of playing ball. The integration of sports and technology brings a unique limited memory of the Olympic Games to the audience.

The International Broadcasting Center of the Paris Olympic Games is also called the "eye" of the Olympic Games. All the pictures of the Olympic Games seen by the world audience are produced and broadcast here, and some latest technologies can be seen everywhere.

Zhang Yanjia, an architect of Alibaba Cloud Intelligent Olympic Games, said that this picture shows a similar time condensation effect, and the audience can appreciate and understand the athletes’ high-level performance from different angles. Relying on cloud computing capabilities, this content can be produced in just a few seconds.

At the track and field competition and closing ceremony of this year’s Paris Olympic Games, the Central Radio and Television General Station used the self-developed 8K ultra-high-definition broadcast vehicle to undertake public signal production for the first time, which is also the first time in the history of the Summer Olympic Games to provide 8K ultra-high-definition public signal production for the general audience. Provide higher quality audio-visual enjoyment.

Sarah Murris, chief technology officer of Olympic Broadcasting Service Company, said that China has always been a representative of innovation in media and content distribution, especially in digital technology. OBS (Olympic Broadcasting Service Company) will produce nearly 11,000 hours of content during the Olympic Games. It is very important to cooperate with copyright holders like CCTV to make full use of these contents and distribute them to the audience through digital technology. They will bring these innovations to this Olympic Games.

The Paris Olympic Games is in full swing, and China science and technology frequently light up the Olympic venues. International Olympic Committee President Bach said that China’s science and technology have provided great support for the Olympic Games, and it will cooperate more with China in artificial intelligence and other fields in the future.

International Olympic Committee President Bach said that China has made many contributions to the Olympic Games, starting with China athletes, and we will see their wonderful performances in the next 16 days. In addition, there is a close partnership and friendship between China and the International Olympic Committee. China science and technology have provided great support for the Olympic Games, especially cloud technology, from which the global audience has benefited a lot. There is also cooperation in artificial intelligence, and Olympic committees in all 206 countries (and regions) around the world will benefit from it.

　　Since the promulgation and implementation of "Decision on the Management of Judicial Appraisal" in the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) in 2005, the judicial appraisal industry has developed rapidly. According to statistics, in 2016, there were 4,872 judicial appraisal institutions and 54,198 judicial appraisers registered by judicial administrative organs, and more than 2.13 million cases of various judicial appraisal services were completed, more than eight times that of 2005. At the same time of rapid development, the development of forensic expertise industry is also facing some problems and troubles.

　　Violations of laws and regulations occur from time to time.

　　Document identification restores the authenticity of signatures and seals, and does not provide opportunities for counterfeiters; Forensic pathology identification, determine the responsibility of medical disputes; Recognition of relatives under the complicated situation of DNA identification … Judicial expertise opinions affect the nature of the case, the severity of the crime, the success or failure of the lawsuit, and the personal rights and property rights of the parties.

　　However, in the field of judicial expertise, some violations of laws and regulations occur from time to time, such as violating the rules of identification procedures and technical operation norms, carrying out identification activities beyond the scope of registered business, and organizing unqualified personnel to engage in judicial expertise business. In November, 2015, Jiangxi Jingsheng Judicial Appraisal Center was given a warning by Jiangxi Provincial Department of Justice, because it published false propaganda pictures of relevant qualification certificates on its website without obtaining relevant qualification certificates. In February this year, the Ministry of Justice informed the Lingshi Judicial Appraisal Center of Shanxi Province about the violation of laws and regulations: the center went beyond the registered business scope and organized appraisers who did not have the qualification of forensic pathologists to engage in forensic pathological appraisal illegally; Charge the blood alcohol content test and appraisal fee beyond the unified charging standard of Shanxi Province …

　　In 2016 alone, more than 230 cases of illegal judicial expertise were investigated and dealt with nationwide, and 132 appraisal institutions were cancelled. Thousands of appraisers were cancelled due to unqualified qualifications and unqualified related examinations, which effectively standardized the practice order and improved the overall ability level of the industry. However, this also reflects the problems existing in the entry threshold of judicial appraisal institutions and appraisers. "At present, China’s judicial appraisers have problems such as inconsistent qualification management and appraisal technical standards. On the other hand, it is difficult for some judicial organs to judge the professionalism of judicial authentication institutions when entrusting judicial authentication, which will also affect the accuracy and applicability of the authentication results. " Qin Xiyan, a lawyer from Hunan Province, introduced for example that a procuratorate needs to assess the value of real estate when handling criminal cases involving state-owned assets, but entrusts a price certification center to determine the price. However, the principles and standards on which the real estate value assessment is based are obviously different from the price determination, and the appraisal results will naturally affect the handling of cases by judicial organs.

　　The lack of appraisal standards and technical specifications for some appraisal matters is also a factor that causes dissatisfaction among the parties. The reporter learned that at present, the identification matters with more complaints and opinions from the parties are usually those that are difficult to rely on the detection of instruments and equipment and mainly rely on the appraisers to use professional knowledge and experience for identification and judgment, such as handwriting identification, forensic psychiatric identification, and medical damage identification. In practice, due to many theories and methods, these appraisal items often lack unified appraisal standards and technical specifications, which is easy to cause the parties to question and be dissatisfied with the appraisal opinions.

　　Profit-seeking, affecting the fairness of appraisal

　　Repeated identification and contradictory identification are a prominent problem in judicial expertise. Liu Jianwei, deputy director of the Institute of Forensic Science and Technology Appraisal of China University of Political Science and Law and an expert in document retrieval, analyzed that most appraisal institutions are responsible for their own profits and losses, and some of them are profit-seeking. In order to win more appraisal commissions, they relax their standards and control, which affects the quality and credibility of appraisal.

　　"In a labor contract dispute, the company sued Li for terminating the labor contract according to the contract, but Li argued that the contract was not signed by himself. The court entrusted an appraisal agency to conduct appraisal, and the first appraisal result was’ not signed by Li’; At the second trial, we appraised it, but the result was the opposite. This is because the sample used in the first appraisal was written by the party Li in court, not his real writing habits, which led to re-appraisal. " Liu Jianwei said that this is because the appraisal agency indulged the simple handling of the sample taken by the judge to a certain extent for the source of the case.

　　"In recent years, the business volume of paternity testing has increased rapidly. In order to do more paternity testing business, some appraisal institutions have set up cross-regional receiving points and sampling points to carry out false propaganda, which has seriously affected the image of the industry." Deng Jiaming, director of the Judicial Appraisal Administration of the Ministry of Justice, said, "The number of cases remains basically stable, and the tax authorities levy taxes on appraisal institutions according to enterprises, which is relatively heavy. In an environment of market-oriented free competition, it is also easy to objectively lead to profit-seeking behavior. In response to these problems, the Ministry of Justice carried out a special rectification of the paternity test business in 2016, which effectively standardized the identification order. "

　　With the development of society, the updating speed of identification instruments and equipment is accelerated, and the original equipment configuration standards can not meet the requirements of current litigation activities for identification work. In addition, the requirements for the number of appraisers and the requirements for funds and residences are not high in the access conditions of institutions, which leads to the emergence of a large number of judicial identification institutions with small scale and general technical conditions. "At the same time, due to the lack of scientific development planning, the number of some types of appraisal institutions is on the high side, while the number of appraisal institutions for some urgent litigation matters is less, and the regional distribution is not balanced. The situation of small, scattered and chaotic institutions cannot be fundamentally changed, which affects and restricts the healthy development of the judicial appraisal industry to a certain extent." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice introduced.

　　In terms of the access of appraisers, the standards for the identification of related majors in the legal access conditions are not very clear, and the professional requirements for appraisers are limited to professional titles, professional qualifications or working experience, resulting in a mixed team of appraisers. "In order to ensure that the appraisal opinions put forward by appraisers are authoritative, objective and scientific, they need certain professional knowledge and practical experience, that is to say, they should be experts in their appraisal business fields." The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice said: "In practice, the judicial administrative organs have access to those who meet the statutory conditions, which leads to some appraisers’ professional mismatch, average technical ability and poor sense of responsibility, which affects the quality of appraisal."

　　Judicial expertise management should be refined

　　In 2015, the state delegated the pricing authority of judicial expertise fees to the provincial level, and some places failed to introduce new standards on time. Recently, the Ministry of Justice issued the "Notice on Further Strengthening the Management of Judicial Appraisal Fees", which requires that when formulating charging standards, all localities should scientifically and reasonably formulate charging standards for judicial appraisal according to the local economic and social development level and taking into account factors such as appraisal cost and difficulty; It is necessary to strictly standardize and uniformly implement, and study and standardize the setting of the charging standard "downward floating range" to avoid vicious competition among appraisal institutions; Where the local standards for judicial expertise fees have not yet been formulated, they must be completed before the end of June this year.

　　This is a policy response to the topic of "sky-high appraisal fee" In February of this year, Weibo, a lawyer in Sichuan, attracted attention: "A case of Chengdu Intermediate People’s Court needs to be appraised. A fingerprint, two seals and a signature were appraised, and the asking price was 170,000 yuan. The appraisal fee is catching up with the legal fees!" The appraisal fee of more than 170,000 yuan has attracted attention. One controversial point is that the Measures for the Administration of Judicial Appraisal Fees have been abolished, Sichuan has not yet issued local standards, and there is a gap in legal convergence. "This case is a target amount of 30 million, involving three projects. It is not too much to calculate 57,000 for each project alone, but it is not clearly defined whether all three projects in a case are calculated at 57,000." Liu Jianwei said.

　　"At present, the industry management of judicial expertise is still somewhat extensive." Guo Zhaoming, deputy director of the Institute of Forensic Science and Technology Appraisal of China University of Political Science and Law, said that the judicial administration should be more refined, and the judicial administrative department should further tighten the entry threshold for judicial appraisers and appraisal institutions, strengthen the training of professionals, and promote the justice of judicial appraisal through a series of measures.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice said that in view of the problems existing in the access to judicial expertise, the next step is to take measures: First, strictly control the customs, strengthen the role of expert evaluation in the examination and registration work, and refuse to register legal persons or other organizations that do not have the instruments and equipment necessary for the appraisal and the testing laboratories that have passed the metrological certification or laboratory accreditation according to law, as well as personnel with weak professional relevance, unqualified professional skills or deregistered; The second is to refine the access standards, revise and improve the equipment configuration standards of judicial authentication institutions and the classification regulations of judicial authentication practices as soon as possible, and formulate and introduce the standards for the identification of related professions and related work of judicial authenticators, so as to provide a clear basis and reference for the audit and registration work; The third is to strictly implement responsibilities and seriously pursue accountability.

　　According to the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Justice, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly put forward the requirement of improving the unified judicial expertise management system. At present, in accordance with the requirements of the central authorities, the Ministry of Justice, together with relevant departments, is making every effort to promote and improve the reform of the unified judicial expertise management system and focus on solving the institutional and mechanism problems that affect and restrict the development of the judicial expertise industry. Relevant issues such as access, quality management, charging system and the public welfare nature of judicial authentication institutions, which are of social concern, will be gradually solved in the reform. He said, "The Ministry of Justice will continue to do a good job in the management and quality construction of judicial expertise, vigorously strengthen the supervision of the judicial expertise industry, and strive to promote the healthy development of the judicial expertise industry."