Promote the centralized deployment of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity

　　Promote the centralized deployment of the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity

　　Qiushi magazine editorial department

　　"Pass!"

　　At 9 o’clock in the morning of March 10, 2023, the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. More than 2,900 deputies to the National People’s Congress pressed the voting device, and the 14th session of the National People’s Congress voted to adopt the decision on the institutional reform plan of the State Council, and approved the institutional reform plan of the State Council, which was formed according to the Plan for the Reform of Party and State Institutions. Six days later, the full text of the "Party and State Institutional Reform Plan" was publicly released. Towards the grand goal of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, the reform of the party and state institutions set sail for a new journey.

　　The functional system of the party and state institutions is an important part of Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and an important guarantee for our party to govern the country. To improve the Party’s ruling ability and leadership level, mobilize the enthusiasm, initiative and creativity of all parties, effectively govern the country and society, and promote the development of the party and state undertakings, we must adapt to the development requirements of Socialism with Chinese characteristics in the new era and deepen the reform of the party and state institutions.

　　The 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has made important arrangements for deepening institutional reform, which is of great and far-reaching significance for building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way. "Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is an important measure to implement the spirit of the 20 th Party Congress and a centralized deployment to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity." From February 26th to 28th, 2023, the Second Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee was held in Beijing, and the "Reform Plan of Party and State Institutions" was reviewed and adopted on the basis of extensive consultation. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader delivered an important speech at the second plenary session. The article "Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions and Promoting the Modernization of National Governance System and Governance Capacity" is part of the speech. In this important article, the general secretary profoundly expounded the great significance, important purpose and overall requirements of deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, and put forward clear requirements for the organization and implementation, which is highly ideological, instructive and targeted.

　　Deepening reform in an all-round way is the fundamental driving force to promote Chinese modernization, and deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is a major move to comprehensively deepen reform. We should stand at the height of the overall development of the cause of the party and the state in the new era and journey, and combine the in-depth study and implementation of the spirit of the important article of General Secretary of the Supreme Leader with the in-depth study and implementation of the spirit of the 20th Party Congress, with the in-depth study and implementation of the important exposition of the General Secretary on deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, and with the ongoing education on the theme of studying and implementing Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era. Deeply understand the decisive significance of "two establishments", strengthen "four consciousnesses", strengthen "four self-confidences" and achieve "two maintenances", carry out the task of institutional reform to the letter, and promote comprehensive and deepening reform to develop in depth.

　　"Systematic and holistic reconstruction"

　　Turning to the "Reform Plan for Party and State Institutions", the first paragraph comes straight to the point and clarifies the great achievements in deepening the reform of party and state institutions in the new era:

　　"Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core has taken deepening the reform of the party and state institutions as an important task to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. In accordance with the principles of adhering to the overall leadership of the party, adhering to the people-centered, adhering to optimization, coordination and efficiency, and adhering to the rule of law in an all-round way, the reform of the party and state institutions has been deepened, and the functions of the party and state institutions have been systematically and integrally reconstructed, which has provided a strong guarantee for the historic achievements and changes in the cause of the party and state, as well as for continuing to deepen the party and

　　On March 10th, 2023, the Third Plenary Session of the First Session of the 14th National People’s Congress was held in the Great Hall of the People, and the decision on the institutional reform plan of the State Council was adopted by voting. The picture shows the meeting site. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yue Yuewei/photo

　　Party and government organizations belong to the superstructure and must adapt to the requirements of the economic base. With the continuous development of economy, the continuous progress of society and the continuous improvement of people’s lives, the superstructure must be reformed to meet the new requirements. The CPC Central Committee has always attached great importance to the construction and reform of the party and state institutions. After the founding of New China, under the leadership of our Party, China has established the basic socialist system and gradually established the functional system of the Party and state institutions with Chinese characteristics, which has played an important role in governing the country and promoting socialist construction. Since the reform and opening up, in order to meet the needs of the shift of the work center of the Party and the state, the development of the socialist market economy and the deepening of all aspects of work, our Party has actively promoted the reform of the Party and state institutions, and the functions of all aspects of institutions have been continuously optimized and gradually standardized, realizing a major transformation from the institutional functional system under the planned economy to the institutional functional system under the socialist market economy, and promoting reform, opening up and socialist modernization.

　　Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new era, which puts forward new requirements for the establishment and functional allocation of the party and state institutions. The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, with a highly responsible attitude towards the Party, the country and the people, regards deepening the reform of party and state institutions as an important task to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity, and is determined to deepen the reform of party and state institutions to meet the long-term development requirements of the party and state undertakings.

　　In November 2013, the Third Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China deployed comprehensive and deepening reforms, put forward the overall goal of "perfecting and developing the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system, and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity", and clearly stated that it is necessary to "coordinate the reform of party and government organizations and rationalize the relationship between departments’ responsibilities".

　　In October 2017, the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made important arrangements for deepening institutional reform, requiring overall consideration of various institutional settings, scientific allocation of power and clear responsibilities of party and government departments and internal institutions. After the conclusion of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC) and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee decided that the Third Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China would focus on deepening the reform of the Party and state institutions, with the Supreme Leader General Secretary as the head of the document drafting group.

　　In February 2018, the Third Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee focused on institutional reform, and deliberated and adopted the Decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions and the Plan for Deepening the Reform of Party and State Institutions. During the implementation of the reform, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader cared for guidance from beginning to end, personally examined and approved the implementation plan of the reform organization and the work plans of various departments, personally signed and approved the "three decisions" of various departments, and personally coordinated major policy issues, involving more than 190 documents of various types. At some critical moments and key issues of reform, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a decisive decision.

　　In July 2019, a summary meeting on deepening the reform of party and state institutions was held in Beijing. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader attended the meeting and delivered an important speech, fully affirming the great achievements and valuable experience achieved in deepening the reform of party and state institutions, and making comprehensive arrangements for consolidating the achievements of institutional reform and promoting comprehensive deepening reform.

　　Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and under the scientific guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era of the Supreme Leader, we have made great achievements and valuable experience in deepening the reform of the party and state institutions.

　　— — We will promote the reform of various institutions at all levels at the central and local levels as a whole, reconstruct and improve the party’s leadership system, government governance system, armed forces system and group work system, systematically enhance the party’s leadership, government execution, combat effectiveness of armed forces and vitality of group organizations, and initially establish the main framework of the functional system of the party and state institutions to meet the requirements of the new era, which has provided a strong organizational guarantee for improving and developing the Socialism with Chinese characteristics system and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.

　　— — Strengthening the overall leadership of the party has been effectively implemented, and the institutional functional system for maintaining the centralized and unified leadership of the party has been improved; The party and state institutions perform their duties more smoothly and efficiently, and the establishment and functional allocation of various institutions are more suitable for the overall layout of the "five in one" and the coordinated promotion of the "four comprehensive" strategic layout; The establishment and functional allocation of major institutions in provinces, cities and counties basically correspond to the central government, and a smooth and dynamic working system has been built from the central government to the local government; Cross-military reform progressed smoothly; Simultaneously promote the reform of relevant institutions, and the overall effect of the reform will be further enhanced.

　　— — We have explored and accumulated valuable experience, that is, adhering to the Party’s overall leadership over institutional reform, persisting in not standing and not breaking, first standing and then breaking, persisting in promoting the optimization, coordination and efficiency of institutional functions, persisting in a chess game between the central and local governments, persisting in the unity and coordination of reform and the rule of law, and persisting in ideological and political work throughout the whole process of reform.

　　Practice has proved that the strategic decision of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core on deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is completely correct, and the organization and implementation of the reform is strong, which fully reflects the high ideological consciousness, political consciousness and action consciousness of the whole party, fully reflects the good political effect of strictly administering the party in an all-round way since the 18th CPC National Congress, and fully demonstrates the centralized and unified leadership of the party and the political advantages of China’s socialist system.

　　"Better meet the needs of the development of the cause of the party and the state"

　　"The reform of the party and state institutions is a complex systematic project, which cannot be accomplished overnight or once and for all. It is necessary to constantly adjust and optimize the functional system of the party and state institutions according to new missions, new strategic arrangements and new work needs, so as to better adapt to the development needs of the party and state undertakings."

　　"This institutional reform was promoted on the basis of the systematic and holistic reconstruction of the functions of the party and state institutions since the Third Plenary Session of the 19 th CPC Central Committee, and it was also studied and planned in the context of the strategic deployment of the party and state undertakings in the next five years or even longer at the 20 th Party Congress."

　　Develop a topic and make a fuss about reform. Facing the new tasks put forward by the new era and new journey, the establishment and function allocation of the Party and state institutions are not fully adapted to the requirements of building a socialist modern country in an all-round way and promoting the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation in an all-round way, to the requirements of modernizing the national governance system and governance capacity, and to the requirements of building a high-level socialist market economic system. It is necessary to continue to deepen reforms and adjust and improve institutional mechanisms and institutional responsibilities on the basis of consolidating the achievements of the reform of the Party and state institutions. In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader profoundly expounded a series of major issues such as the overall requirements, important objectives and implementation of deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, which fully demonstrated our party’s firm determination and confidence in carrying out the reform to the end and promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity.

　　— — With regard to the overall requirements, it is guided by Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the new era, guided by strengthening the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, and guided by promoting the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. "Adhere to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability and adapt to overall promotion ‘ Five in one ’ Overall layout and coordinated promotion ‘ Four comprehensive ’ The requirements of strategic layout, adapt to the needs of building a new development pattern and promoting high-quality development, adhere to the problem orientation, coordinate the Party Central Committee, the National People’s Congress, the State Council and Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference institutions, coordinate the central and local governments, make full use of all favorable conditions, fully consider various risks and challenges, and resolutely promote the adjustment of institutional responsibilities in some key areas. "

　　— — Regarding the important purpose, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clearly emphasized that "the purpose of continuing to promote the reform of the party and state institutions is to promote the party’s leadership over socialist modernization to be more scientific in institutional setup, more optimized in functional allocation, more perfect in institutional mechanisms, and more efficient in operation and management"; "Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, an important purpose of deepening the institutional reform of the Party and the state is to uphold and strengthen the overall leadership of the Party, and implement the strengthening of the overall leadership of the Party in all fields, aspects and links from the institutional responsibilities".

　　The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s leadership is the most essential feature and the biggest institutional advantage of Socialism with Chinese characteristics. Strengthening the overall leadership of the party is an important principle that must be adhered to in deepening the reform of the party and state institutions. For this institutional reform, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader clarified the relevant arrangements from two aspects: First, "set up a new decision-making and deliberation coordination body of the CPC Central Committee, set up a new functional department and office of the CPC Central Committee, and set up a new agency of the CPC Central Committee in important areas, just to promote advantages, make up shortcomings, and strengthen centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee over major work"; It is clearly required that "the functional departments, offices and agencies of the CPC Central Committee should take the lead in adhering to the centralized and unified leadership of the CPC Central Committee, take the lead in implementing the party’s line, principles and policies, base themselves on their responsibilities, strengthen coordination and cooperation, and play a better role". Second, "in the financial management system, science and technology management system, social management system, data management system, intellectual property management system, working system in Hong Kong and Macao, ‘ Agriculture, countryside and farmers ’ The work system, the aging work system and other aspects have made a more reasonable design and arrangement for institutional setup and responsibility allocation. " These adjustments are solutions based on the analysis of the deep-seated contradictions and problems we are facing. "In the next step, the key is to effectively transfer functions, methods and styles to the duties and tasks entrusted by the Party Central Committee, and perform their duties efficiently."

　　— — Regarding implementation, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader explicitly requested that "all localities and departments should consciously think and act under the overall situation to ensure that the institutional reform plan is implemented without discount, deformation or distortion". The "Three Definitions" regulations, that is, the regulations on the allocation of functions, internal institutions and staffing, bear the functions of restraining the establishment of institutions and standardizing the operation of power, and play an important role in stabilizing and determining the responsibilities of various departments. The general secretary particularly emphasized the need to "formulate and implement departments in strict accordance with the institutional reform plan ‘ Sanding ’ Provisions. " “‘ Sanding ’ As the basic basis for the party’s internal laws and regulations and departments to perform their duties, the power of affairs lies with the Party Central Committee. ‘ Sanding ’ After the approval of the CPC Central Committee, departments must strictly perform their duties and carry out their work according to this, and take high-level performance ability and high-quality work performance as important criteria for testing the effectiveness of institutional reform. "

　　"Advance in an organized, step-by-step and disciplined manner"

　　Set up the Central Financial Committee, the Central Financial Work Committee, the Central Science and Technology Committee, the Central Social Work Department and the Central Hong Kong and Macao Work Office; The establishment of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) Representative Working Committee; Re-establish the Ministry of Science and Technology, set up the State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau, and deepen the reform of local financial supervision system; Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference added "environmental resources sector" … … Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, the reform of the party and state institutions is progressing steadily and orderly.

　　"It is very important to do a good job in the organization and implementation of institutional reform." In this important article, the General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed that we should continue to use the "valuable experience" we have explored and accumulated in deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, grasp the key points, do the work in depth and detail, and promote the organization and implementation of institutional reform in an organized, step-by-step and disciplined manner, and put forward clear requirements from five aspects.

　　The first is to "increase the intensity of reunification."Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is a strategic battle for comprehensively deepening the reform, and it is a profound change to promote the modernization of the national governance system and governance capacity. The task is complex and arduous. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader put forward clear requirements for different levels and departments: "Under the leadership of The Politburo Standing Committee (PSC), the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform took the lead in grasping the overall situation, strengthening overall coordination and establishing a coordination mechanism"; "The CPC Central Committee and the National People’s Congress, the State Council and Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference are responsible for the implementation of institutional reform in this system, and local institutional reform is led by provincial party committees"; "The leading comrades in charge of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council are the first responsible persons for institutional reform in their respective fields. They should take the lead in implementing the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee, study and refine the implementation plan together with the leading bodies of the reform-related departments in charge, and do a good job in key links such as mobilization and deployment, heart-to-heart talks, transfer and establishment, and functional adjustment"; "The General Office of the Central Committee, the Organization Department of the Central Committee, the Office of the Central Committee, the General Office of the State Council and other departments should also do a good job in related work according to their respective responsibilities."

　　The second is to "adhere to a stable tone."Adhering to the general tone of striving for progress while maintaining stability is an important principle of our party in governing the country. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out that this institutional reform involves many departments and involves deep problems, so it is necessary to make a decision before moving. The leadership team of the newly established department should be equipped as soon as possible, be familiar with the responsibilities and task requirements of the department as soon as possible, and pay close attention to the establishment of institutions, staffing and centralized office in accordance with the order of transferring the staff first and then doing the "three decisions" to ensure a smooth transition, orderly transfer and seamless connection. For the reform tasks involving a wide range and complicated situations, we should carefully study and formulate special reform plans on the basis of the top-level design made by the CPC Central Committee, refine relevant policies and measures, and organize their implementation after approval according to procedures. The reform of central and local institutions should be organically linked and promoted in an orderly manner in terms of work deployment and organization and implementation. The general secretary clarified the timetable: "The reform task at the central level should be completed by the end of 2023, and the reform task at the local level should be completed by the end of 2024."

　　On May 18th, 2023, the State Financial Supervision and Administration Bureau was officially listed, which marked an important step in the reform of China’s financial supervision institutions. The picture shows the media reporters shooting in front of the State Financial Supervision and Administration. Xinhua News Agency reporter Li Xin/photo

　　The third is to "do a good job".The key to the implementation of reform lies in people. People’s hearts are stable, reforms are progressing, people’s hearts are smooth, and reforms are successful. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader stressed: "We should guide the broad masses of party member and cadres to talk about politics, take care of the overall situation, abide by the rules, correctly treat the adjustment of the interest pattern and the advancement and retreat of individuals, actively support the reform, consciously obey the organizational arrangements, and ensure that the thoughts are not chaotic, the work is constant, the team is not scattered, and the enthusiasm is not diminished."

　　The fourth is to "enforce strict discipline."Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is a self-revolution. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader once clearly emphasized: "Deepening the reform of the party and state institutions is to move cheese, to touch interests, and to be true. It is necessary to show the courage and mind of self-innovation." In this important article, the General Secretary once again drummed: "Departments involved in institutional changes and responsibilities adjustment should consciously obey the overall situation, ensure that institutions, responsibilities, personnel, etc. are adjusted in time as required, and are not allowed to slack off, let alone make flexible choices. It is strictly forbidden for higher authorities to interfere with the establishment and staffing of lower institutions, to promote cadres by surprise, to be strict in financial discipline, and to resolutely prevent the loss of state-owned assets. It is necessary to strengthen supervision and accountability, seriously investigate and deal with violations of discipline and discipline in institutional reform, and seriously investigate the responsibilities of relevant personnel. "

　　The fifth is to "do it according to the law."Reform and the rule of law are like two wings of a bird and two wheels of a car. We should persist in promoting reform under the rule of law and improve the rule of law in the course of reform. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader demanded: "If it is necessary to enact, amend or abolish laws to persist in promoting institutional reform on the track of the rule of law, the responsible unit should take the initiative to link up with the legislature. The legislature should make overall plans to do a good job in the relevant reform and abolition. "

　　"step on the peak again and open your eyes." Along the way, the functional system of the party and state institutions has always been accompanied by the arduous struggle and brilliant achievements created by the party leading the people, and has always promoted each other with the forward road opened by the party leading the people and the accumulated valuable experience. On the new journey, with the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core and the scientific guidance of the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, we will certainly be able to complete the tasks of deepening the reform of the party and state institutions, better transform China’s institutional advantages into the effectiveness of state governance, and provide a strong guarantee for the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation!