Make a makeover, copy and fabricate, and gunmen do it for you … How can we block the ＂secret door＂ of EIA fraud？

　　 "It is difficult for the EIA agencies to be objective and neutral when they receive the money from the owners."

　　 "The EIA company was punished, and the actual controller re-registered a company and carried out business as usual."

　　 According to the power of grassroots EIA review in this province, county and urban examination and approval personnel should look at thousands of EIA documents every year.

　　"Shenzhen Bay Waterway Dredging Project is to implement Zhanjiang’s national economic and social development ‘ Thirteenth Five-Year Plan ’ The embodiment of planning. " This is a sentence in the Environmental Impact Report of Shenzhen Bay Channel Dredging Project (Phase I) published by Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Bureau on its official website in March this year.

　　"Zhanjiang" appeared in the EIA document of Shenzhen project for 35 times, which is not magical.

　　Environmental impact assessment is the legal guarantee to restrict the access of projects and parks, and it is the first line of defense to keep green mountains and green rivers in development. The quality of EIA is the lifeline of the effectiveness of EIA system. In recent years, from "red-top intermediary" to independent legal person, and then to the cancellation of qualification license, the EIA mechanism is experiencing the pain of reform, and EIA chaos occurs from time to time.

　　Change the place name and part of the description of the ready-made environmental impact report (table) and transform it into a new EIA document; The owner pays, the EIA agency "eliminates disasters", and some key data or information of construction projects are missing in EIA documents; Some environmental assessors have compiled hundreds of environmental assessment reports and other environmental assessment documents for several months, and the problem of falsification and shoddy production continues to attract public attention.

　　The grass-roots cadres and people in the industry believe that the quality of EIA documents is not high. On the surface, the EIA preparation units are incompetent and irresponsible. The deep reason is that some construction units have a weak sense of responsibility for EIA. It is necessary to implement legal responsibilities, strengthen credit management, generate a powerful deterrent of joint punishment and further strengthen supervision after the event.

　　Fake Wang Weitu/this magazine

　　The symposium on the 29th was "held" on the 16th.

　　After the EIA incident of Shenzhen Municipal Transportation Bureau, administrative departments at all levels strengthened supervision. In April, the General Office of the Ministry of Ecology and Environment issued the Notice on Strengthening the Quality Supervision of the Preparation of Environmental Impact Reports (Tables), which clearly stated that "the passive situation of poor quality of EIA documents should be effectively reversed."

　　However, by combing the relevant data and reports, the reporter found that the shoddy and fraudulent EIA documents are not optimistic.

　　In July this year, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment reported the problems found in the normalization review of EIA documents in the first quarter of 2020. Of the 101 environmental impact reports of construction projects approved by examination and approval departments at all levels in 24 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), 8 had quality problems.

　　The Department of Ecology and Environment of a central province recently randomly selected 12 EIA preparation units inside and outside the province and found that 4 of them were not standardized.

　　There are 157 EIA documents in a western city in the past year, including 16 unqualified EIA documents, 2 EIA approval questions and more than 100 questions filled in by the approval system.

　　The quality of EIA documents is not high. On the one hand, it is characterized by shoddy work and many technical errors, such as omission of evaluation factors, incorrect accounting methods or results of pollution sources, non-compliance of proposed environmental protection measures and their feasibility demonstration with relevant regulations, and incomplete prediction and evaluation of environmental factors or environmental risks.

　　On the other hand, there are problems of plagiarism, fabrication and fraud. Ding Wen, director of Guangzhou Green Network Environmental Protection Center, a non-governmental environmental protection organization that has long been concerned about environmental impact assessment, said that public participation in fraud in environmental impact assessment documents is more prominent. For example, on July 16 this year, an EIA report published by Guangzong County, Xingtai City, Hebei Province wrote that "on July 29, 2020, the Guangzong Economic Development Zone Management Committee organized a symposium on environmental assessment of this plan".

　　The symposium on the 29th was "convened" on the 16th, and its authenticity is self-evident.

　　Incomplete data, imagination

　　The reporter was informed that the preparation of an EIA report or report form generally takes one month for environmental monitoring, one month for public participation, and one month for preparation and reporting, so the completion time is generally not less than three months. It takes longer to prepare the EIA report of large-scale complex construction projects, which may take more than one or two years.

　　"An environmental appraiser of a local environmental assessment enterprise has compiled 5 environmental assessment reports and 234 environmental assessment reports in 8 months, which is obviously unreasonable." A cadre of the Ecological Environment Bureau of a city in the west told the reporter.

　　The cadre said frankly that there are more than 130 local registered EIA units, nearly 400 registered EIA engineers, and a large number of foreign enterprises and institutions that carry out EIA in the local area. However, in fact, some units have only one environmental assessor, and the workload is heavy. Therefore, gunmen without the qualification of environmental assessors prepare environmental assessments for them, and then the environmental assessors sign them, or even impersonate them.

　　Recently, the Ecological Environment Bureau of Foshan City, Guangdong Province sent a letter to informed criticism Foshan Kezhengfei Engineering Technology Consulting Co., Ltd. and Wu Yuyong, an environmental assessment engineer. From December 13, 2019 to August 10 this year, the environmental assessment engineer uploaded a total of 13 environmental assessment reports and 564 report forms on the credit platform, and refused to interview or answer the phone after the problems were found by the competent authorities.

　　On the other hand, a high-quality EIA document requires both the technical ability and responsible attitude of the EIA preparation unit and the project construction unit to earnestly fulfill the main responsibility of EIA. However, at present, some project construction parties treat EIA in a formal manner.

　　"We are Party B, and sometimes we are helpless." A staff member of a large-scale EIA preparation unit in Anhui said that he did not want to be named.

　　Helplessness is reflected in three places: First, low price is the first choice of many Party A when choosing the EIA preparation unit. It is difficult for the EIA preparation unit to cover the cost, and it is either abandoned or subcontracted or shoddy. Secondly, in order to make the project land as soon as possible, Party A often requires the EIA to finish the progress in a short time. Furthermore, the preparation of environmental impact assessment needs to be based on evidence, but some Party A does not or does not provide basic information such as construction and design, so the environmental assessor can only scrape together or even make it up out of thin air.

　　In Ding Wen’s view, the entrustment relationship of EIA is an important reason for the quality problems of EIA documents. "EIA agencies have to serve the owners after receiving their money. Many owners will pay for it several times, and some will have to pay after the EIA documents have passed, thus affecting the objectivity and neutrality of EIA."

　　Examine and approve three EIA documents a day.

　　Xu Xianwen, deputy director of the EIA Department of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Ecology and Environment, and other insiders believe that after the marketization of EIA, the supporting post-event supervision mechanism is still under construction and improvement. The surge in the number of EIA in recent years has also brought greater challenges to supervision.

　　Taking Zhejiang as an example, there were more than 40 EIA units originally registered, and the number increased to nearly 250 after the qualification license was cancelled. In 2019, there were more than 50,000 EIA registration forms, more than 16,000 report forms and more than 1,000 reports. According to the existing EIA review power of grass-roots environmental protection departments, county and urban examination and approval personnel should look at thousands of EIA documents every year, and approve more than three on average every day.

　　To improve the quality of EIA and fill in the shortcomings of supervision, respondents suggested that, first of all, a post-event supervision mechanism with quality as the core and credit as the main line should be steadily built.

　　At present, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, relying on the national unified credit platform, has established a cross-regional EIA disciplinary mechanism of "one breach of trust, national openness" and "multiple breaches of trust, national restrictions". The platform is still in the early stage of operation, and it takes time to play its role.

　　"The current supervision has regulations for environmental assessors, but it lacks constraints on related enterprises. Some EIA companies have been punished, but the actual controller has re-registered a company and can still carry out EIA business. " A grassroots environmental protection cadre suggested strengthening legal responsibilities and implementing the "double punishment system" of units and relevant responsible persons.

　　Secondly, simplify and optimize the guidelines for EIA preparation. Chen Qi, an engineer in the evaluation center of Zhejiang Environmental Protection Science Design and Research Institute, suggested that the key points of environmental assessment should be highlighted and the requirements should be put forward in a targeted manner according to the situation in different regions. "When specific projects land, the EIA process will be simplified as appropriate on the premise that regional environmental risks have been controlled."

　　In addition, the government can purchase services and hire a third-party agency to review the EIA documents to make up for the lack of grassroots supervision; And increase information disclosure and public participation, and publicize the examination and approval of EIA documents by experts, public reports, and investigation.