On January 4th, President Xi signed Order No.1 of the Central Military Commission in 2022, and issued a training mobilization order to the whole army. The mobilization order for training emphasized: "All levels of the whole army must resolutely implement the decision-making instructions of the CPC Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, accurately grasp the changes in national security and military struggle, pay close attention to the changes in science and technology, war and opponents, vigorously promote the coupling of war and training, vigorously promote systematic training, vigorously promote scientific and technological training, and comprehensively promote the transformation and upgrading of military training, so as to train elite troops who can fight well." The officers and men of the whole army must resolutely follow orders, focus on the elite troops who can fight well, take "three eyes and three advances" as the strategic starting point, transform and upgrade to training with high quality and high efficiency, and strive to open up a new situation in military training in the new era.

Keep an eye on the changes in technology, war and opponents.

As the most direct preparation for military struggle, military training is a dynamic development process that adapts to the changes of the times and the requirements of winning. Our army’s military training has entered a new stage of all-round reform and overall improvement. Keeping a close eye on the changes in science and technology, war and opponents is the law of the innovation and development of military training and the inevitable choice and key measure to promote the transformation and upgrading of military training.

Keep a close eye on the changes in science and technology and grasp the growth points of transformation and upgrading. At present, the new round of scientific and technological revolution is speeding up in an all-round way, high-tech development is changing with each passing day, and the status and role of science and technology as the core combat power is more prominent. Facing the new opportunities and challenges brought by the scientific and technological revolution, increasing the transformation and application of advanced scientific and technological achievements and greatly improving the high-tech content of military training are the main growth points to promote the transformation and upgrading of military training. Only by keeping a close eye on the changes of science and technology, recognizing the leading direction and characteristics of the times of military science and technology development, accurately grasping the trend of weapons and equipment developing to remote precision, intelligence, stealth and unmanned, grasping the trend of the battlefield expanding to emerging fields and the emergence of new combat forces, and using scientific and technological forces as a lever to incite the innovative development of military training, can we provide stronger scientific and technological support for the transformation and upgrading of military training.

Keep a close eye on the change of war and grasp the focus of transformation and upgrading. Nowadays, under the impetus of the new military revolution in the world, the form of war is constantly evolving to the depth of information and developing rapidly to intelligence, and the temporal and spatial characteristics and combat style of war have undergone major changes. The evolution of war form is the vane of military training. Facing the revolutionary changes in the form of war, it is the focus of promoting the transformation and upgrading of military training to promote the transformation of military training from passive adaptation to active design of war and build a new military training system that meets the requirements of winning. Only by keeping a close eye on the changes of war, analyzing the new trend of the evolution of war forms, deeply studying the new changes in the characteristics and winning mechanism of modern war, adapting to the development trend of mechanized information and intelligent integration, and improving the actual combat level of military training at a higher starting point and standard, can we realize the high-starting point planning and high-quality promotion of military training transformation and upgrading.

Keep an eye on the changes of opponents and find the right point of transformation and upgrading. At present, the international strategic pattern is deeply adjusted, the security situation in China is undergoing new profound changes, the geo-strategic environment and the military struggle situation are becoming more complicated, and the task of preparing for our military struggle is more arduous and urgent. In view of the preparation needs of the actual military struggle, it is an important force to promote the transformation and upgrading of military training by practicing the excellent skills of balancing and winning powerful opponents. Only by keeping a close eye on the opponent’s changes, tracking and studying the opponent’s strategic strategy, technical equipment and combat mode, clarifying the enemy’s situation, battlefield situation and operational guidance, focusing on promoting our strengths and defeating the enemy’s weaknesses, strengthening the pertinence and applicability of the innovation of tactics and training methods, and taking out the countermeasures of "the road is one foot high and the magic is one foot high" can we ensure that the transformation and upgrading of military training are targeted and implemented.

Adhere to actual combat training and vigorously promote the coupling of combat training

As a preview of future wars, the higher the coupling degree between military training and actual combat, the greater its value. Vigorously promoting the coupling between combat and training profoundly reveals the internal logic of the close relationship and interaction between combat and training, which is the key to improve the degree and level of actual combat of military training. We must focus on the transformation of actual combat training, vigorously promote the effectiveness of the coupling of combat training, and push actual combat military training to a new level.

Pay close attention to focusing on actual combat and training with war. In essence, the coupling of combat training is an interaction based on actual combat and training. The more accurate the focus of training and actual combat, the greater the coupling effect of combat training. It is necessary to intensify research efforts, deeply explore the motivation trend of the evolution of war forms, explore the new changes in the winning mechanism of modern wars and operations, explore the new characteristics of the reform of war styles and combat methods, and continuously obtain practical research results; Increase the intensity of training, strive to practice skills to the extreme and use weapons to the extreme in accordance with the requirements of "it is really difficult to be strict", strengthen the practical training of weapons and equipment in extreme performance, interference conditions and complex environments, and beat and temper troops based on the most complicated, difficult and severe battlefield environment; Increase the difficulty of training, highlight command confrontation, system confrontation and actual combat confrontation drills, and enhance the forward-looking, adaptability and inspection of drills in view of possible difficult, dangerous and dangerous situations in future operations, so as to give full play to the greatest effect of improving actual combat capability.

Pay close attention to docking actual combat and consistent combat training. Realizing the organic integration and seamless link of combat training is the inherent requirement to promote the deep coupling of combat training. It is necessary to build an integrated training mode of warfare and training, meet the operational needs, set training topics according to operational tasks, determine training courses according to operational plans, strengthen the practical training of mission topics, strengthen the specialization and refinement of emergency response, and strengthen the rigid mandatory role of operational needs; Docking the future battlefield environment, starting from the most difficult, complicated and severe situation, carefully construct the training environment and conditions, improve the training difficulty, and ensure that the troops break through adversity, overcome obstacles and win the battle in wartime; Docking combat targets, grasping training and preparing for war with realistic enemy situation, innovating tactics and training methods for powerful opponents, and practicing enemy-control strategies for opponents’ combat attempts, strategies and methods to ensure that they can come at the call and win the battle.

Pay close attention to the training style and promote war through training. The coupling of war and training can not be separated from the unique function of training. It is necessary to establish a clear orientation of practicing for war, and always make unremitting efforts to solve the problem that the training style is not true. We should start with monitoring and supervising training, accountability and accountability, and resolutely correct the unhealthy phenomena such as training for watching, acting for watching, not training in danger, and not training in danger. We should cultivate the fighting spirit of not being afraid of hardship and not being afraid of death from beginning to end, resolutely get rid of the "accumulated disadvantages of peace" and the "28 phenomenon", and sharpen our tenacious will and fighting style that are not afraid of strong enemies and dare to fight and win; Let the training go ahead of the battle, verify the operational theory, operational plan and operational tactics through training, actively design and test the battle, and effectively promote the transformation of training results into actual combat capability.

Deepen joint war and joint training and vigorously promote systematic training.

Modern warfare is based on joint operations and system confrontation, which inevitably requires the construction of a corresponding military training system. Vigorously promoting systematic training reflects the trend of the times in the transformation and development of military training and is the only way to improve the quality of military training. We must focus on deepening the transformation of joint warfare and joint training, and make great efforts to build a joint training system with our military characteristics in vigorously promoting systematic training.

Highlight the leading force with the link as the key link We should focus on giving full play to the leading role of joint training, strengthen the cultivation of joint awareness, guide officers and men to update their combat training concepts, establish a thinking mode of joint victory, eradicate the habit of "fighting alone" and "fighting alone", and achieve joint training and concerted efforts to win; Strengthen joint command training, focus on improving the command efficiency of joint operations, do a good job in the strategic campaign training of the head office, strengthen the training of command strategy, command system and command skills, twist the outstanding contradictions and problems that restrict joint operations command, focus on gathering wisdom and concentrating on refining, open up the whole system and whole process command link of joint operations, and improve the ability to plan, guide and organize modern warfare.

Strengthen the supporting force of system integration. The basis of systematic training is to integrate the training of arms and services into the joint training system, realize the organic integration of various combat forces, combat units and combat elements, and give full play to the supporting role of systematic integration training. Strengthen the training of joint operations system, standardize the contents, courses and training methods of services and arms within the framework of joint training, clarify the standards and requirements of joint training for services and arms, and form a joint training link that changes from services and arms to alliance and from elements to integration; Strengthen the whole system, all elements and the whole process of training, highlight the cross-disciplinary and cross-service joint special training, strengthen the training of mutual conditions between services and arms, do a good job in the training of integrating new and new combat forces into the combat system, increase the intensity of joint confrontation drills and cross-regional base training, and comprehensively improve the integrated joint combat capability.

Improve the security of system energy gathering. Systematic training has the characteristics of overall linkage, system integration, accuracy and high efficiency, which puts forward higher standards and requirements for training support. It is necessary to do a good job in overall planning, strengthen training support demand calculation, planning and design, and benefit evaluation, focus on optimizing all aspects of the whole process, and focus on base training, confrontation training, and comprehensive drills to accelerate the construction of joint training environment conditions; Innovate the support mode, implement resource sharing, regional cooperation and military-civilian cooperation, accurately grasp the support information, accurately provide support resources, accurately use support forces, and explore the formation of a new standardized, accurate and intensive training support mode; Build a security system, adapt to the new requirements of joint training security, focus on optimizing the layout, improving the elements and innovating ways, and accelerate the construction of a high-level joint training security system in view of new characteristics such as wide coverage, diverse needs and rich content.

Deepen training through science and technology, and vigorously promote training through science and technology.

Science and technology make the country prosperous, and science and technology make the army strong. Vigorously promoting military training through science and technology reflects the essential requirements for the generation and improvement of modern combat effectiveness, and is the key to enhancing the times, science and innovation of military training. We must consolidate and develop the achievements of military training through science and technology, vigorously promote military training through science and technology at a higher starting point, and comprehensively improve the quality level of training through science and technology.

Accelerate the transformation and upgrading of training. Training through science and technology is a "propeller" for military training to adapt to the changes of science and technology, reform and combat, and a "power valve" for accelerating the transformation and upgrading of training. It is necessary to adapt to the new situation and new requirements, expand the connotation and form of scientific and technological training, grasp the needs of upgrading weapons and equipment, simultaneously compile training plans, develop simulation equipment, train technical backbones, conduct practical drills, and explore new training modes to accelerate the formation of combat effectiveness with new equipment; Grasp the characteristics and requirements of new combat forces, innovate training methods, training methods and exercise modes, and maximize the unique operational effectiveness of new combat forces; Grasp the mechanism of emerging combat fields, carry out embedded, development and docking training, explore new ways of specialization and specialization training, accelerate the improvement of multi-domain integrated combat capability, and promote the expansion of scientific and technological training to a higher level.

Accelerate training, innovation and breakthrough. Training troops through science and technology injects innovative vitality into military training. It is necessary to follow the forefront of scientific and technological development, turn more scientific and technological innovations into training effectiveness, and promote the transformation and upgrading of training means and conditions to "science and technology+","network+"and "intelligence+". Accelerate the upgrading of the training information network system, develop a network training platform with more advanced functions, richer resources and faster operation, and comprehensively improve the level of simulation, networking and intelligent training; Increase the research and application of high-tech training equipment, strengthen the use of training methods such as combat experiments, battlefield simulation, and chess deduction, and increase the confrontation intensity, realism, difficulty in reaching the standard, and effectiveness of actual combat training; Using new technologies such as big data, cloud computing and blockchain, a "training cloud" integrating data collection, dynamic query, analysis and demonstration, inspection and evaluation will be established to improve the scientific level of military training management, support, assessment and evaluation.

Give play to the role of training and educating talents. Training transformation, talents first. Training troops through science and technology has set up a broad stage for talent training. It is necessary to stimulate the enthusiasm of the broad masses of officers and men to learn, drill and use science and technology, and give full play to the role of military training in promoting the accelerated growth of talents. Strengthen the scientific and technological literacy of officers and men, guide officers and men to strengthen the study of modern science and technology, especially military high technology, update their knowledge structure, broaden their knowledge horizons, and enhance their cognition, understanding and sensitivity to high technology; Strengthen professional skills training, inject more scientific and technological elements into on-the-job training, carry out professional skills competition, and train more "military experts" and "military craftsmen" to make scientific and technological training a practical platform for officers and men to be fine and powerful; Strengthen the training of training talents, encourage and support officers and men to participate in the practice of scientific and technological innovation in military training, use scientific and technological means to solve key and difficult problems in training, actively create high-quality and professional training talent groups, and provide strong talent support for the transformation and upgrading of military training.

(Author: Joint Operations College of National Defense University)

　　In May, in Port Klang, Malaysia, a container carrying garbage stinks. Malaysia’s environment minister, Yang Meiying, said that she would return the maggot-bearing garbage to … …

　　Recently, a reporter from Bloomberg wrote this scene into a news report, saying that Yang Meiying’s words represented a concern that spread throughout Southeast Asia. A lot of rubbish from Europe and America is weighing on Southeast Asian countries and losing patience. As foreign media said, for developed countries that export garbage, a message should be clear: their own garbage should be handled by themselves.

　　Southeast Asia refuses to become a garbage dump

　　Recently, the voice of rejecting "foreign garbage" has continued to rise in Southeast Asian countries.

　　Indonesia’s Jakarta Times reported on July 9th that Indonesian customs had once again seized a large number of harmful waste from Australia in the country’s ports and would "send the garbage back to their hometown". The week before, the Indonesian government just announced that it would return 49 containers filled with "foreign garbage" to many developed countries including France.

　　For a long time in the past, developed countries such as the United States, Britain, Germany, Canada, Australia, and Japan exported an amazing amount of "foreign garbage" to many developing countries in Asia, such as China, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Since last year, the "foreign garbage burden" faced by Southeast Asian countries has become heavier.

　　In January 2018, China officially implemented the "foreign garbage" ban, totally banning the import of 24 kinds of solid wastes in 4 categories. Since then, garbage collectors in Europe and America have turned their attention to other Asian markets, especially Southeast Asian countries such as Thailand, Malaysia and Indonesia.

　　Take Germany as an example. According to the data provided by German media, in 2017, the country exported 600 tons of plastic waste to Indonesia, and in the first 10 months of 2018, this figure increased to 49,500 tons. According to another data, in the first six months of 2018, the amount of garbage exported to Malaysia increased from 168,500 tons in 2016 to 456,000 tons.

　　The increasing "foreign garbage" has brought serious harm to the ecological environment and people’s health in Southeast Asian countries. Under the heavy pressure, countries have successively introduced restrictive measures and related laws to prohibit the import of garbage, saying "no" to "foreign garbage".

　　In June, the Philippines insisted on sending 69 containers containing illegally imported garbage back to Canada at the expense of "diplomatic war". In May, Malaysia also announced that it would send 450 tons of imported garbage back to Australia, Canada, Japan, the United States and other places.

　　In addition, since last year, some Southeast Asian countries have legislated one after another to put a legal yoke on "foreign garbage". The Thai government announced that the import of plastic waste will be banned by 2021. The Vietnamese government also said that it would stop issuing new garbage import licenses, and "the country cannot become a garbage dump".

　　"At present, Indonesia, the Philippines and other countries are interested in importing ‘ Foreign garbage ’ Take severe crackdown measures, mainly including strengthening customs supervision and inspection, and further strengthening the formulation and improvement of relevant laws in China. " Xu Liping, a researcher at the Asia-Pacific and Global Strategy Institute of China Academy of Social Sciences, said in an interview with this reporter.

　　The ban forced the industrial chain to update.

　　"Due to the development gap between developing countries and developed countries in terms of economy, technology and national legal system construction, waste producers in developed countries choose irresponsible export methods in order to reduce the cost of waste disposal as much as possible, but they cannot effectively supervise waste trade in developing countries in terms of environmental law enforcement and technology, which leads to developing countries becoming developed countries ‘ Garbage dump ’ 。” Tan Quanyin, assistant researcher of Tsinghua University Institute of Environment and director of the comprehensive office of Basel Convention Asia-Pacific Regional Center, pointed out in an interview with this reporter that this is the main reason why China and Southeast Asian countries are generally faced with the problem of "foreign garbage".

　　According to the statistics of the World Bank, the population of developed countries only accounts for 16% of the world’s population, but they produce 34% of the world’s garbage. Exporting solid waste to developing countries for treatment, recovery and reuse, which is a common practice in many developed countries, can bring certain economic benefits, but it makes developing countries bear huge social and environmental costs.

　　Water pollution, crops withering and people getting sick … … "Deutsche Welle" recently pointed out that these "foreign garbage" have brought great environmental and social harm to Southeast Asian countries after paying attention to the environmental damage caused by garbage disposal in a small town in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

　　"processing ‘ Foreign garbage ’ In addition to incineration and burial, sorting and some technical means are needed, and Southeast Asian countries do not have the ability to handle a large number of ‘ Foreign garbage ’ The ability. In addition, the ecological environment of some Southeast Asian countries is relatively fragile, and they are already facing challenges such as marine garbage and sewage. ‘ Foreign garbage ’ The massive influx will cause fatal damage to the local ecological environment and even devastating effects, which is extremely unfavorable to the development of these countries. " Xu Liping said.

　　Nowadays, with the multiple hazards caused by "foreign garbage" becoming increasingly prominent and the overall environmental awareness of Southeast Asian countries increasing, more and more countries choose "zero tolerance" for "foreign garbage". The "foreign garbage" ban issued by China last year has set an example for developing countries facing similar troubles to follow.

　　据新加坡《海峡时报》报道，6月20日，在第34届东盟峰会举行之前，一群抗议者出现在泰国曼谷的一座政府大楼前，呼吁东盟国家禁止“从世界任何地方”向该地区出口废物。

　　对此，英国回收协会负责人认为，中国的“洋垃圾”禁令是一件好事，既可以倒逼更多资金投入垃圾处理技术的研发，也可以倒逼从商品制造到垃圾处理的整个产业链进行更新。

　　“自己的垃圾应自己解决”

　　根据世界银行的数据，2050年，人类制造的固体垃圾将上升到34亿吨。随着越来越多东南亚国家拒绝“接盘”，发达国家又将如何安置它们的垃圾？

　　有分析称，也许非洲将成为发达国家的下一个目标。然而，寻找“下家”只是不负责任的应急之举。发达国家真正该思考的，不是如何将垃圾压力转嫁他国，而是如何从源头根治问题。

　　彭博社称，解决办法可能在于新科技和社会行为的改变，从而减少甚至消除对垃圾填埋场和焚化炉的需求。而对发达国家来说，尤为迫切的是应学会自己处理垃圾。

　　5月10日，在瑞士日内瓦，包括中国在内的186个国家共同通过了一项决定，不再允许发达国家将其塑料垃圾随便丢给发展中国家处理。有日媒称，这对国际间的垃圾进出口施加了更进一步的严格限制。

　　“‘ Foreign garbage ’ The problem has a long history. It is both a developing problem and a global governance problem. It involves many countries and needs to raise awareness from the global level, and introduce relevant international laws to carry out comprehensive governance. " Xu Liping pointed out that relevant countries, especially developed countries, as the main producers of most "foreign garbage", should bear the responsibility to dispose of garbage at home, instead of dumping it in developing countries and shirking their responsibilities. "In addition, developing countries should also strengthen their relevant legislation and law enforcement to further block ‘ Foreign garbage ’ Import channels. "

　　Tan Quanyin also believes that solving the problem of "foreign garbage" requires a comprehensive plan to treat both the symptoms and the root causes. On the one hand, developed countries should adopt more responsible garbage disposal methods, strengthen the capacity building of domestic facilities, realize environmentally sound management of waste in China, and strengthen law enforcement to prevent illegal export of waste; On the other hand, countries should make joint efforts, while advocating and practicing sustainable production and consumption, and improving the level of cleaner production technology, strengthen cooperation, earnestly assume the responsibility of harmless management of their own waste, and promote the inclusion of the life-cycle responsibility system of waste in the framework of international law, fulfill relevant obligations, and perform their respective duties. (Our reporter Yan Yu)