On June 11, 2017, candidates who participated in the basic test and comprehensive evaluation subject ability test of Southeast University in 2017 entered the examination room. Xinhua News Agency reporter Sun Shenshe

　　Peking University, Tsinghua University, Wuhan University and other universities have recently released their own enrollment brochures and enrollment plans for 2018, so as to independently select outstanding students with academic expertise and innovation potential for the whole country.

　　The 2018 college entrance examination enrollment curtain is slowly unfolding. This year, the college entrance examination reform will be comprehensively promoted. Following the smooth implementation of the college entrance examination enrollment system reform in Shanghai and Zhejiang last year, 17 provinces will start the new college entrance examination reform; This year, the construction of "double first-class" has entered a period of intensive construction. Being in a new era, facing new goals and shouldering new tasks, the training of talents that began with talent selection must take a new step.

　　What is the position of independent enrollment in the process of college entrance examination reform, and what role will it play in building a "double first-class" China university? This year, what are the characteristics, signals, symbolic significance and guiding role of independent enrollment policies of various schools? The reporter combed carefully, interviewed the directors of relevant universities and relevant experts, and deeply analyzed the logical chain behind independent enrollment.

　　The policy is basically stable. The test time is still after the college entrance examination.

　　As of March 27th, the "Sunshine College Entrance Examination" website of the Ministry of Education announced the list of 90 colleges and universities with independent enrollment qualifications in 2018, of which 77 colleges and universities enrolled students nationwide and 13 colleges and universities enrolled students for their own provinces and cities.

　　The reporter found that this year, compared with last year, peking university independent recruitment’s policy remained basically stable, and enrollment majors were divided into two categories: general and medical. General enrollment majors include science experimental classes/liberal arts experimental classes, mathematics, physics, astronomy, etc. Medical enrollment majors include clinical medicine (eight-year program in joined study of bachelor and doctoral degree), clinical medicine (five-year program) and basic medicine (eight-year program in joined study of bachelor and doctoral degree).

　　Since 2017, Tsinghua University has been fully implementing large-scale enrollment. The major disciplines of enrollment are science and liberal arts, including architecture, civil engineering, electronic information, liberal arts, humanities and society. Among them, the major direction of humanities and society (the direction of Confucian classics) still requires applicants to have a systematic education and be able to recite the Three Character Classics and Hundred Family Names; Have a good foundation of Confucian classics, and can recite one of the Four Books and the Book of Changes and the Book of Songs; I have a basic knowledge of philology, have studied Shuowen Jiezi, can write 540 radicals in seal script, and can simply explain the "Six Books".

　　In 2018, the independent enrollment plan of China Renmin University enrolled 142 students, and the majors were set in four major categories: humanities experimental class and science experimental class (information and mathematics). Beijing Normal University plans to recruit 124 students, including the "Leading Plan" and the "Climbing Plan". Beihang University has seven professional categories to participate in independent enrollment this year, with a total enrollment limit of 200. Although Peking University and Tsinghua have not announced the specific enrollment numbers, they all emphasize that "it is better to lack than to abuse".

　　The reporter found that most schools will still take preferential admission for candidates who have passed independent enrollment. Peking University offers a discount of 20 to 60 points, which can be "reduced to one-line admission" for some outstanding students, while Tsinghua University generally offers a discount of 10 to 60 points. People’s University of China divides the preferential policies for independent enrollment into two categories: those with top-notch humanities qualifications will be admitted with 60 points, those in science experimental classes (information and mathematics) will be admitted with 60 points, or they will be admitted with one line.

　　For the candidates in the pilot provinces of college entrance examination reform, some universities have also introduced corresponding targeted policies. For example, university of international business and economics’s preferential score for Zhejiang and Shanghai candidates is 20 points on the minimum admission control reference line for self-enrollment, and the requirements for the subject level of Jiangsu candidates are AB+. In addition, according to the timetable for independent enrollment in 2018, the independent enrollment test time of each school is still arranged after the college entrance examination.

　　It is unscientific to measure students with the same ruler.

　　On March 21, the Ministry of Education deployed the 2018 high-tech recruitment work, clarifying that this year’s college entrance examination enrollment will completely cancel the national college entrance examination plus points such as the Olympic Games and science and technology competitions for middle school students. Subsequently, the "Announcement on Standardizing the Management of Competition Listing, Naming and Commending Activities in the Field of Basic Education" was issued, proposing that the results of competitions in the field of basic education can only be regarded as honors and cannot be used as the basis for enrollment in primary and secondary schools.

　　When the society is fully cooling down for the "Olympic Games fever" and making efforts to reduce the burden on students, the reporter found that for the first time, Wuhan University has deleted the provision that "students have priority in winning various competitions, publishing papers and obtaining patent results in high school".

　　"In fact, at the school enrollment work conference at the end of 2017, it was confirmed that the requirements for Olympic Games and papers in independent enrollment were deleted." Wang Fu, director of the Admissions Office of Wuhan University, told the reporter that this is due to the consideration of "not only competitions, certificates, but also papers and patents". "Years of independent enrollment practice has proved that it is unscientific to evaluate students with the same ruler, and it is easy to cause wrong social orientation by relying entirely on competition results and papers published."

　　Wang Fu introduced that this year, according to students’ academic specialties, innovation potential and their comprehensive performance in ideological and moral, academic level and social practice, the expert group will collectively review and select the best students. However, the reporter consulted the Wuhan University Admissions Guide and found that the "supporting materials" voluntarily provided by candidates can include award-winning certificates, papers, publications, literary works, invention patents and so on.

　　Is it an example or a common phenomenon to delete "Olympic Games" from the registration conditions of independent enrollment? The reporter found out that more than 90% of colleges and universities still recognize candidates’ achievements in the five disciplines of mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology and informatics, and science competition awards are still the main conditions for independent enrollment.

　　In fact, excluding the Olympic results from the application conditions will make the independent enrollment and selection work more complicated in operation. For the selective test of self-enrollment, the favor of Olympic Games lies in its gold content.

　　The application conditions for independent enrollment in Tsinghua University are divided into research and creation, outstanding talents and discipline Olympic Games. According to Liu Zhen, director of Tsinghua University Admissions Office, the results of the Olympic Games reflect students’ specialty in a certain subject to some extent. However, he also introduced that, despite this, the subject competition condition is only one of the application conditions, not the only condition. Candidates who meet other conditions such as scientific and technological invention, research practice, literary creation, innovation and design can also apply for the exam.

　　Compared with the "hard leverage" of winning prizes in academic competitions, the criteria for judging liberal arts students have always been "unclear" in independent enrollment and selection. In 2018, although there are explanations on the award levels of humanities competitions in the brochures of independent enrollment of colleges and universities, there are few references to Chinese arts competitions in specific events. The mainstream liberal arts competitions in previous years, such as new concept compositions, have been somewhat neglected. In the enrollment brochures of some colleges and universities, the application conditions for liberal arts students are expressed as "outstanding talents and great potential" in subject specialty and innovation potential.

　　Compared with previous years, scientific and technological innovation events have gradually become a new favorite. According to incomplete statistics, more than 60% colleges and universities have recognized scientific and technological innovation awards this year, especially the youth scientific and technological innovation competition and the computer production competition for middle school students. Among them, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Southwest University, beijing university of chemical technology and other schools recognized candidates’ achievements in robot contest, a teenager in China.

　　Sending papers contains "business opportunities". The Ministry of Education has explicitly cracked down on fraud linked to independent enrollment

　　According to the reporter’s observation, this year, "published papers" still appear in the self-enrollment brochures of more than half of universities such as Beijing Jiaotong University, Tongji University and Huazhong University of Science and Technology.

　　In the eyes of some people, this "clear requirement" contains "business opportunities." The reporter once interviewed wang xing, editor of a periodical, and he revealed that due to similar regulations in independent enrollment in colleges and universities, the number of consulting papers published will increase before independent enrollment. And some intermediaries also make false propaganda and collect money in the name of package passing, pre-test counseling and providing so-called patent papers.

　　The reporter’s observation was confirmed by Wang Fu. He said frankly: "Since the emergence of independent enrollment, some parents and intermediaries have simply regarded it as entering a prestigious school ‘ A new way ’ It has caused the proliferation of competitions, the sale of patents, papers and other phenomena, which has seriously interfered with the normal order of independent enrollment in colleges and universities. "

　　In view of the above problems, on March 23rd, the Ministry of Education issued a document stressing that it will crack down on all kinds of fraud and fraud linked to independent enrollment with relevant departments, further purify the enrollment environment for college examinations and safeguard educational equity. At the same time, the Ministry of Education requires colleges and universities to further strengthen the qualification examination and assessment of independent enrollment, and put forward the "five strictness" work requirements such as strict registration conditions, strict material examination, strict school assessment, strict supervision and restriction, and strict punishment of fraud.

　　It is understood that in 2017, relevant universities and other units conducted a rigorous review of the registration materials of candidates who enrolled independently. For candidates who cheat, the relevant universities and education departments have given severe punishment to cancel their qualifications for independent enrollment and college entrance examination in that year.

　　The Ministry of Education reminds the majority of candidates to abide by laws and regulations, apply for independent enrollment on their own merits, and don’t believe in the temptation of various institutions and others to avoid being deceived and suffering losses.

　　Each enrollment type has its own emphasis and will gradually adapt to the college entrance examination reform.

　　In 2003, the Ministry of Education launched a pilot program of independent enrollment in colleges and universities. In the past 15 years, independent enrollment has been reformed several times: at present, all independent enrollment and selection are organized by pilot universities alone, and some written test alliances such as NATO, Huayue and Excellence no longer exist; The model of "middle school recommendation as the main part and individual recommendation as the supplement" which has been used for many years has also been replaced by "student self-recommendation registration"; The examination and test will be arranged uniformly after the college entrance examination.

　　"On the basis of maintaining the fairness and authority of the college entrance examination, independent enrollment is a supplement to the current unified college entrance examination enrollment." Liu Zhen believes that it has a clear positioning of "selecting outstanding students with academic expertise and innovation potential". The practice in recent years shows that independent enrollment not only improves the autonomy of schools, but also expands the scope of students’ choices. After years of experiments, colleges and universities have a clearer criterion for the selection of special talents.

　　Qin Chunhua, president of Peking University Examinations and Research Institute, agrees with this. Self-enrollment has broken the curse of "score-only theory" to a certain extent, which has played a certain balance role in exam-oriented training. It has also helped college enrollment institutions to gradually accumulate experience in selecting candidates without relying on scores, improved their enrollment ability, and had a positive impact on talent training in universities and basic education in middle schools. He said: "‘ Double first class ’ Construction has always emphasized the importance of talent training. Independent enrollment plays an important role in improving the quality of talent training from the source by intervening in the talent selection process. "

　　In 2018, another 17 provinces will join the pilot reform of the college entrance examination. Autonomous enrollment first appeared as an important examination enrollment reform. In recent years, what reference and enlightenment does its implementation bring to college entrance examination reform and talent selection?

　　"At present, there are more and more types of selection in colleges and universities. No matter how many types of enrollment there are, they are actually not dependent on the admission of unique scores ‘ Comprehensive evaluation ’ A kind of. In other words, it is necessary to understand and understand each enrollment type from the perspective of the reform of the entire examination enrollment system. " Qin Chunhua said that each enrollment type has its own advantages and disadvantages, and each has its own emphasis. He believes: "As the transition of the college entrance examination reform, the existing independent enrollment model will be stable for some time, but it will gradually adapt to the new college entrance examination reform, and the reform of the examination enrollment system will be completed in the process of gradual change."

　　 (Reporter Chen Peng)

The picture shows the forum site. Zhuangbaiyu photography

　　China Meteorological News reporter Liu Zhao Hu Ya Zhuang Baiyu reports. On July 19th, a symposium on the 10th anniversary of the establishment of the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center was held in Beijing. The meeting systematically summarized the work of the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center in the past ten years, exchanged experience in space weather monitoring, forecasting and early warning services, and planned the future development of space weather services. Zheng Guoguang, director of China Meteorological Bureau, attended and delivered a speech, and Yu Rucong, deputy director, presided over the meeting.

Zheng Guoguang, director of China Meteorological Bureau, spoke at the forum.

　　Zheng Guoguang stressed that it is necessary to fully understand the significance of developing space weather monitoring and early warning services to safeguard economic and social development and national security. Developing space weather service is not only the need to ensure economic construction and national security, but also the trend of atmospheric science development and the inevitable requirement of modern meteorological service development. Monitoring space weather and early warning of sudden space weather events have become a new task of meteorological service for economic and social development and national security.

　　Zheng Guoguang reviewed the development of National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center, and summarized the achievements and experiences of China’s space weather service. In particular, he pointed out that it was the academicians and experts present who promoted the establishment of the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center, helped the construction of the center and guided its development.

　　Zheng Guoguang pointed out that in the past ten years, the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center has basically formed a space weather operational system combining monitoring, forecasting and service, and co-chaired the coordination group of the World Meteorological Organization’s space weather plan with the American Space Weather Forecasting Center to coordinate international space weather operational activities. After ten years of development, the space weather service has achieved remarkable results, and successfully completed the space weather support tasks of important activities such as the prediction of the Shenzhou VII astronauts’ departure time, which has been highly praised by the majority of users.

　　Zheng Guoguang said that the construction and development of the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center fully embodies the characteristics of China, its departmental advantages and its team. It can be said that national demand is the fundamental driving force for the development of China’s space weather business, paying attention to overall design and project promotion is an important guarantee for the development of space weather business, making full use of various resources is an effective way for the development of space weather business, scientific and technological innovation is the only way for the development of space weather business, open cooperation is the correct choice for the development of space weather business, and the silent dedication and solid work of talent team are the hope for the development of space weather business.

　　Zheng Guoguang especially thanked the center staff who worked hard for the development of the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center. They thought that they were down-to-earth, did not pursue fame or profit, were not overwhelmed by incomprehension, and did not give up because of low technical level. They took the development of space weather business as their own responsibility, devoted themselves to study and practice, humbly consulted, strengthened cooperation, and worked hard for their career, persisted in actively doing various services, and persisted for ten years without giving up.

　　Zheng Guoguang requires that we should clearly see the gap between the space weather business capacity and the national demand, redouble our efforts, increase investment, speed up the improvement of the space weather business system, and constantly create a new situation for the development of China’s space weather business. First, according to the national demand and the development trend of disciplines, we should further improve the development plan of China’s space weather business and accelerate the development of space weather business; Second, we must strengthen capacity building including infrastructure, team, business platform and service means; Third, we should improve the open platform, further strengthen cooperation and promote resource sharing; Fourth, we should rely on scientific and technological progress, increase investment in space weather scientific research, and apply more space weather scientific and technological achievements to space weather business service platforms; Fifth, we should increase the propaganda of space weather science.

　　Zhuang Guojing, chief engineer of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Lin Longfu, deputy director of the Meteorological and Hydrological Bureau of the General Staff Department, Li Guoping, deputy director of the First Department of Systems Engineering of the National Defense Science and Technology Bureau, academicians of the two academies, Liu Zhenxing, Feng-Si Wei, Wang Shui, Tu Chuanzhi, Wan Weixing, Li Zechun, Ding Yihui, Xu Jianmin and representatives and experts from relevant departments attended the forum and spoke, affirming the achievements of the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center in the past 10 years and putting forward ardent expectations for its future development.

　　Zhuang Guojing believes that since the establishment of the National Center for Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning, it has made important contributions to the aerospace industry, and space weather monitoring and early warning has become an indispensable force in the fields of aerospace and national economy. Space weather monitoring and early warning will become an important part of people’s lives, just like weather forecast.

　　Lin Longfu expressed his gratitude to the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center for its support to military-related business construction and space weather support in major national defense scientific research activities. He believed that the establishment of a space weather service support business system was an important strategic move, and there was great potential for the development of integration of defense and civilian technologies in the space weather field.

　　Li Guoping said that the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center has made indelible contributions to the development of China’s space industry in the ten years since its establishment, and hopes to join hands and make greater contributions to the development of space weather.

After the symposium, the participants visited the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center.

　　On June 1st, 2002, the Central Organizing Committee approved the establishment of the National Space Weather Monitoring and Early Warning Center by China Meteorological Bureau, which was responsible for China’s space weather monitoring and early warning, forecast release and application services. After ten years of construction and development, China’s space weather business system has begun to take shape, and the monitoring pattern based on Fengyun series meteorological satellites and ground-based space weather professional monitoring network has basically taken shape. A distinctive forecasting business system with data flow based on space weather causal chain and technical flow based on brand-new forecasting norms has been basically established.

　　(Editor: Li Wenqin)